1、AMSC N/A FSC 1670 INCH-POUND MIL-STD-849C 31 July 2009 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-849B 25 July 2001 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTS FOR PARACHUTES Comments, suggestions or questions on this document should be addressed to: Defense S
2、upply Center Richmond, ATTN: DSCR-VEB, 8000 Jefferson Davis Highway, Richmond VA 23297. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST database at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networ
3、king permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B ii CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 1. SCOPE 1 1.1 Scope .1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Application 1 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 1 2.1 General 1 2.2 Non-Government publications 1 2.3 Order of precedence 1 3. DEFINITIONS 2 3.1 General definitions 2 3.2 Specific defi
4、nitions of parachute terms 2 3.3 Specific definitions of parachute hardware terms and conditions 12 3.4 Specific definitions of parachute sewing terms and conditions 12 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 14 4.1 Limitation of use .14 4.2 Interpretation of classification of defect tables .14 5. DETAIL REQUIREMEN
5、TS 14 5.1 Inspections and tests .14 5.1.1 Component and material inspection .14 5.1.2 In-process inspection of the product .14 5.1.3 Final inspection of the product .15 6. NOTES 15 6.1 Intended use 15 6.2 Past usage 15 6.3 Subject term (key word) listing 16 6.4 Changes from previous issue 16 Provide
6、d by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B iii CONTENTS TABLE PAGE I Personnel parachutes guideline for maximum allowable errors per canopy 17 II Cargo, deceleration, extraction, recovery, special weapon and low cost parachute systems and
7、containers guideline for maximum allowable errors per canopy .18 III Classification of defects solid and extended skirt parachute canopies personnel .19 IV Classification of defects ring slot and ribbon parachute canopies .29 V Classification of defects pilot chutes and drogues .36 VI Classification
8、 of defects personnel parachute packs or containers, and deployment bags 39 VII Classification of defects personnel parachute harnesses, risers, static lines, bridle lines, straps, lanyards, and pockets .42 VIII Classification of defects deployment bags and packs (other than personnel) 44 IX Classif
9、ication of defects risers, static lines, bridles, straps, adapter webs, and retainers (other than personnel) .47 X Classification of defects personnel parachute, integrated pack and harness 49 XI Classification of defects canopies: square, gliding type main and reserve .53 XII Classification of defe
10、cts Classification of defects pilot chutes for MC-4 and MIRPS and spring assembly, ejector only57 XIII Classification of defects integrated pack and container (without harness), deployment bag and pocket MC-4 only .59 XIV Classification of defects harness, riser, bridle line, strap, and lanyard MC-4
11、 only 62 XV Classification of defects solid and extended skirt parachute canopies cargo 64 XVI Classification of defects low cost aerial delivery system (LCADS): High Velocity (HV), Spider Parachute .73 XVII Classification of defects low cost aerial delivery system (LCADS): Low Velocity (LV) BAT Par
12、achute .75 XVIII Classification of defects low cost low altitude aerial delivery system (LCLA): Stalker, Cross Parachute System Assembly 77 XIX Classification of defects - Low Cost Container (LCC).79 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MI
13、L-STD-849B 1 l. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This standard establishes the inspection requirements and a standard classification of manufacturing and final assembly defects for parachutes. 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to: a. Provide a uniform standard of quality for determining the acceptability
14、 of parachutes and their components. b. Standardize the inspection requirements for all parachute manufacturers. c. Consolidate, into a single document, definitions of all parachute terms. 1.3 Application. This standard should apply when it is referenced in the specification or contract provisions.
15、2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in the tables of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensur
16、e the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard, as well as those cited in the tables, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Non-Government publications. The following document forms a
17、 part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issue of this document is the issue cited in the solicitation or contract. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) ASTM D 6193 Standard Practice for Stitches and Seams (DoD adopted). (Copies of this docu
18、ment are available online at http:/www.astm.org/ or from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.) 2.3 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this standard and the refere
19、nce cited herein, the text of this standard takes precedence. Nothing in this standard, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B 2
20、3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 General definitions. The following are the definitions for the two classifications of defects used in this standard. Note that some definitions may apply primarily to only round/ballistic type parachutes or only to gliding/ram-air type parachutes or to both. 3.1.1 Major/Critical d
21、efect. A defect that is likely to result in failure or to reduce the usability of the unit of product for its intended purpose. A major/critical defect is also defined as a dimension out of tolerance, component and or construction deviation which may adversely affect the fit, form or function of the
22、 parachute assembly. 3.1.2 Minor defect. A defect that is not likely to reduce the usability of the unit of product for its intended purpose or is a departure from established standards having little bearing on the effective use or the operation of the unit. 3.2 Specific definitions of parachute ter
23、ms. 3.2.1 Adapter. A rectangular metal fitting with a crossbar incorporated in a parachute harness to permit proper adjustment of harness. 3.2.2 Adapter, harness quick fit. An adapter in which a floating friction grip is used in lieu of a fixed crossbar. 3.2.3 Apex. The center and top most point of
24、an inflated round parachute canopy. 3.2.4 Back pad. A pad attached to the inside of the harness to provide comfort for the wearer and help keep the harness in place. 3.2.5 Back strap. Part of the harness webbing extending across the back of the wearer. It may or may not be adjustable. 3.2.6 Bag, dep
25、loyment. A type of container made of fabric and webbings in which a parachute canopy is packed. 3.2.7 Band, lateral. Webbing inserted in the hem of parachute canopies to reinforce edges of fabric and distribute the load. The lower lateral band is inserted in the skirt hem and the upper lateral band
26、is inserted in the vent hem. 3.2.8 Band, pocket. A piece of textile tape or line attached at the outside of the skirt across main seams in such a manner as to cause the gores to be pulled outward at inflation. 3.2.9 Band, reinforcement. A tape or a ribbon inserted in various positions to reinforce w
27、eak points in a canopy. 3.2.10 Band, retainer. A rubber band used to hold folded suspension lines or static lines to deployment bags or parachute packs. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B 3 3.2.11 Bias. A cut or seam running
28、 obliquely across the threads of a fabric. 3.2.12 Binding. A piece of tape or fabric folded over and stitched to a raw edge of the fabric to prevent raveling or fraying. 3.2.13 Bottom, false. A piece of fabric sewed to the inside of a pack to retain the frame; it also serves as a base for stitching
29、the suspension line retaining loops. 3.2.14 Breakcord. A thread or tape tied between parachute components that is intended to break under desired load during deployment. 3.2.15 Bridle. The cord attaching the pilot chute to the vent of a parachute canopy or to the deployment bag. 3.2.16 Burns, fricti
30、on. Result of rapid rubbing together of two textile surfaces, generating frictional heat, which reduces tensile strength of the textile and causes the deterioration of individual threads. 3.2.17 Cable, ripcord. A flexible cable, usually made of corrosion resistant steel, joining the locking pins and
31、 the ripcord grip. 3.2.18 Canopy. The portion of a parachute consisting of the drag-producing surface and the suspension lines extended to one or more mutual confluence points. 3.2.18.1 Canopy, extended skirt. A canopy made from cloth having a flat circular center to which an annular ring is added.
32、3.2.18.2 Canopy, flat circular. A canopy made from cloth and constructed as a flat circular surface with a center orifice (vent) and consisting of a number of gores stitched together laterally, the joints forming the radial seams. 3.2.18.3 Canopy, guide surface. A canopy made from cloth similar to f
33、lat circular canopy except the alternate roof panels are extended to provide guide surfaces. 3.2.18.4 Canopy, ribbon. A canopy of flat circular design and composed of concentric cloth ribbons, supported by a number of radial ribbons and smaller supporting tapes. 3.2.18.5 Canopy, ring sail. A canopy
34、of annular ring type developed on a spherical surface by a unique system of gore coordinates, basically shaped as a quarter sphere wherein slots in the gore are crescent shaped rather than trapezoidal (except on the crown). 3.2.18.6 Canopy, ring slot. A canopy of flat circular design made from wide
35、concentric cloth strips with intervening air slots. The number of slots vary, depending upon canopy diameter. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B 4 3.2.19 Cap seam. The top seam of the pilot chute, which joins the gores and t
36、he duck cloth disk together. 3.2.20 Cascade. The junction of two groups of suspension lines before attachment to the risers on gliding type parachutes. 3.2.21 Cell. Two adjacent air intake passages between two adjacent groups of suspension lines on ram-air or similar gliding type parachutes. 3.2.22
37、Channel canopy. The space or opening through which the suspension lines are passed. It is formed by the overlapping of the fabric in the main seams, or by the addition of cover tape to the drag producing surface, generally on round type parachutes. 3.2.23 Chest protector. A pad fastened to the insid
38、e of the harness to absorb shock. 3.2.24 Chordwise. The direction in which the ribs are attached on the upper and lower glide surfaces of gliding type parachutes. 3.2.25 Chordwise seams. The seams that attach the rib panels to the upper and lower glide surfaces of gliding type parachutes. 3.2.26 Che
39、st strap. A harness strap secured across the chest to prevent the wearer from falling out of the harness. 3.2.27 Chute. The term used interchangeably for the word “parachute.“ 3.2.28 Chimney effect. A change in the gradual tapering of the gores of the canopy resulting in constriction between the hem
40、 and vent. 3.2.29 Clevis. A u-shaped metal fitting with a hole in each end to receive a pin or bolt. 3.2.30 Clip, safety. A special shaped metal fitting used to prevent the accidental opening of the parachute harness release. 3.2.31 Cluster. Two or more parachutes that are attached to a single load
41、and designed to open simultaneously. 3.2.32 Cone, pack. A small cone-shaped metal post, sewn to one of the side flaps of the pack, containing a drill hole through the cone near the top. Grommets positioned on the opposite flap of the pack are placed over the cones and ripcord pins are inserted in th
42、e cone hole to keep the pack closed. 3.2.33 Control lines. Used to steer and maneuver canopy, also known as steering or brake lines. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-849B 5 3.2.34 Control line, continuity. Free and clear routin
43、g to certain areas on canopy to ensure proper steering of canopy. 3.2.35 Cord, arming. The cord that pulls the firing wire out of a reefing line cutter or other actuating device, thereby arming the device. 3.2.36 Corner, flap. A rectangular tab used on packs to add protection to the canopy when pack
44、ed. 3.2.37 Cross port vent holes. The vent holes cut in the rib panels of ram-air type gliding parachutes. 3.2.38 Cross seam. The sewn seam between adjacent main seams holding sections of the canopy gore together. 3.2.39 Crown. A fabric panel used to close or cover the apex vent in certain types of
45、parachute canopies. Also may refer to the upper portion of a canopy, particularly a round type parachute. 3.2.40 Cutter, reefing line. A device designed to cut through the reefing line of a canopy, normally incorporating a delay device (mechanical or pyro-technical), a power device (mechanical or py
46、ro-technical), and a knife-edge cutter. 3.2.41 Dart. A short tapered seam. 3.2.42 Diameter, constructed (Dc). The designation of the size of a parachute canopy, based upon design dimensions typically used for round type parachutes. 3.2.43 D-ring. An item of hardware shaped like a “D“ into which conn
47、ector snaps are hooked. 3.2.44 Drogue. A fabric surface shaped like a cone, more often a small first-stage parachute canopy in a system used for initial deceleration and stabilization. 3.2.45 Elastics, pack-opening. Rubber or metal springs with a means of attaching at each end, installed on the pack
48、 under tension and used to separate end flaps from side flaps when the parachute ripcord is pulled. 3.2.46 Eye. A small steel-wire loop attached to the pack, into which is fastened a hook of a pack opening elastic. 3.2.47 Eyelet. Small metal reinforcement for a hole in fabrics. It is thinner and smaller than a grommet and has no washer. 3.2.48 Flap, bag or pack. A fabric extension on a side or end of the pack designed to enclose and protect the canopy. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
