1、September 2016 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 83.060!%ZX“2559653www.din.deDI
2、N ISO 34-1Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tear strength Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces (ISO 34-1:2015),English translation of DIN ISO 34-1:2016-09Elastomere oder thermoplastische Elastomere Bestimmung des Weiterreiwiderstandes Teil 1: Streifen-, winkel- und boge
3、nfrmige Probekrper (ISO 34-1:2015),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 34-1:2016-09Caoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Dtermination de la rsistance au dchirement Partie 1: prouvettes pantalon, angulaire et croissant (ISO 34-1:2015),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 34-1:2016-09SupersedesDIN ISO 34-1:20
4、04-07 andDIN ISO 34-1 Corrigendum 1:2005-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.08.16 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page National foreword 3 National Annex NA (info
5、rmative) Bibliography 41 Scope . 52 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions . 64 Principle 65 Apparatus . 76 Calibration 97 Test piece . 108 Number of test pieces . 109 Temperature of test 1010 Procedure 1111 Expression of results . 1112 Test report 11Annex A (informative) Precision results fr
6、om an interlaboratory test programme 13Annex B (normative) Calibration schedule 17Bibliography .19DIN ISO 34-1:2016-092 National foreword The text of International Standard ISO 34-1:2015 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tear strength Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piece
7、s has been adopted in this standard without any modification. This document has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45 “Rubber and rubber products” (Secretariat: DSM, Malaysia), Subcommittee SC 2 “Testing and analysis” (Secretariat: JISC, Japan). The responsible German body involved in its p
8、reparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-04-34 AA Prfung der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Kautschuk und Elastomeren. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
9、of patent rights. DIN and/or DKE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 of this standard are as follows: ISO 6133 DIN ISO 6133 ISO 23529 DIN ISO 23529 Amendments This standard
10、 differs from DIN ISO 34-1:2004-07 and DIN ISO 34-1 Corrigendum 1:2005-07 as follows: a) requirements regarding the class 1 accuracy of the testing machine have been modified in 5.3; b) in Clause 10 requirements regarding the permissible median thickness of each group of test pieces when groups are
11、being compared has been changed; c) in Figure 1 the cut length has been changed to 40 mm and a tolerance of 5 mm has been added; d) in Figure 2 some of the dimensional tolerances have been increased; e) calibration is now covered in Clause 6 and in normative Annex B “Calibration schedule“; f) the pr
12、ecision results in Annex A have been updated. Previous editions DIN 53507: 1943-11, 1951-12, 1959-01, 1974-07, 1983-03 DIN 53515: 1959-03, 1962-10, 1977-08, 1990-01 DIN ISO 34-1: 2004-07 DIN ISO 34-1 Corrigendum 1: 2005-07 DIN ISO 34-1:2016-093 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 61
13、33, Rubber and plastics Analysis of multipeak traces obtained in determination of tear strength and adhesion strength DIN ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods DIN ISO 34-1:2016-094 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination
14、of tear strength Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test piecesWARNING 1 Persons using this part of ISO 34 should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This part of ISO 34 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
15、 user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.WARNING 2 Certain procedures specified in this part of ISO 34 might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local envir
16、onmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis part of ISO 34 specifies three test methods for the determination of the tear strength of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber, namely the following: method A, using a trouser tes
17、t piece; method B, using an angle test piece, with or without a nick of specified depth; method C, using a crescent test piece with a nick.The value of tear strength obtained depends on the shape of the test piece, speed of stretching, and temperature of test. It can also be susceptible to grain eff
18、ects in rubber.Method A: Using a trouser test pieceMethod A, using the trouser test piece, is preferred because it is not sensitive to the length of the cut, unlike the other two test pieces in which the nick has to be very closely controlled. In addition, the results obtained are more easily relate
19、d to the fundamental tear properties of the material and are less sensitive to modulus effects (provided that the leg extension is negligible) and the rate of propagation of the tear is directly related to the rate of grip separation. With some rubbers, the propagation of tear is not smooth (knotty
20、tear), and analysis of results can be difficult.3Method B, procedure (a): Using an angle test piece without nickThis test is a combination of tear initiation and propagation. Stress is built up at the point of the angle until it is sufficient to initiate a tear and then further stresses propagate th
21、is tear. However, it is only possible to measure the overall force required to rupture the test piece, and, therefore, the force cannot be resolved in two components producing initiation and propagation.4Method B, procedure (b): Using an angle test piece with nickThis test measures the force require
22、d to propagate a nick already produced in the test piece. The rate of propagation is not directly related to the jaw speed.5Method C: Using a crescent test pieceDIN ISO 34-1:2016-095 This test also measures the force required to propagate a nick already produced in the test piece, and the rate of pr
23、opagation is not related to the jaw speed.NOTE A separate method for the determination of the tear strength of small test pieces of rubber (Delft test pieces) is specified in ISO 34-2.12 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
24、 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate o
25、f traverse) SpecificationISO 6133, Rubber and plastics Analysis of multi-peak traces obtained in determinations of tear strength and adhesion strengthISO 18899:2013, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipmentISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for p
26、hysical test methods3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1trouser tear strengthmedian force required to propagate a cut in a specified trouser-shaped test piece by tearing, divided by the thickness of the test piece, the force acting i
27、n a direction substantially in the plane of the cutNote 1 to entry: The median force is calculated in accordance with ISO 6133.3.2unnicked angle tear strengthmaximum force required to rupture a specified angle-shaped test piece, divided by the thickness of the test piece, the force acting in a direc
28、tion substantially along the length of the test piece3.3nicked angle tear strengthcrescent tear strengthmaximum force required to cause a nick cut in a specified angle- or crescent-shaped test piece to extend by tearing of the rubber, divided by the thickness of the test piece, the force acting in a
29、 direction substantially normal to the plane of the nick4 PrincipleThe test consists in measuring the force required to tear a specified test piece, in continuation of the cut or nick already produced in the test piece or, in the case of method B, procedure (a), completely across the width of the te
30、st piece.The tearing force is applied by means of a tensile testing machine, operated without interruption at a constant rate of traverse until the test piece breaks. Dependent upon the method employed, the maximum or median force achieved is used to calculate the tear strength.No correlation betwee
31、n data obtained by the alternative test pieces is implied.DIN ISO 34-1:2016-096 5 Apparatus5.1 Dies5.1.1 The die used for cutting trouser test pieces shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 1.5.1.2 The die used for cutting angle test pieces shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 2.5.1.3 The die
32、 used for cutting crescent test pieces shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 3.5.1.4 The cutting edges of the dies shall be kept sharp and free from ragged edges. Care shall be taken that the cutting edges are perpendicular to the other surfaces of the die and have a minimum of concavity.5.2 Nic
33、k cutterA sharp razor blade or a sharp knife free from ragged edges shall be used for producing a cut or a nick in the test piece.The apparatus for introducing the nick required for the nicked angle or crescent test piece shall be as follows.Means shall be provided for clamping the test piece firmly
34、, especially in the region where the nick is to be introduced. The cutting tool, consisting of a razor blade or similar blade, shall be clamped in a plane perpendicular to the major axis of the test piece, and positioned so as to introduce the nick in the appropriate place. The blade clamping device
35、 shall permit no lateral movement and shall be fitted in guides to enable the blade to be moved across the test piece with its edge remaining perpendicular to the plane of the test piece. Alternatively, the blade shall be fixed and the test piece arranged to move in an analogous manner. Means shall
36、be provided for fine adjustment of the depth of the nick. The adjustment of the position of the blade holder or clamped test piece shall be determined for each blade by cutting one or two preliminary nicks and measuring these with the aid of a microscope. The blade shall be wetted with water or soap
37、 solution prior to nicking.NOTE A suitable apparatus for nicking tear test pieces has been described in detail in the literature.6To check that the depth of the nick is within the specified limits (see 7.4), any suitable means may be used, e.g. an optical projection apparatus. A convenient arrangeme
38、nt is a microscope giving at least 10 magnification fitted with a travelling stage suitably illuminated. The eyepiece is fitted with a graticule or crosswire by which to record the travel of the stage and test piece through a distance equal to the depth of the nick. The travel of the stage is calibr
39、ated with a stage micrometer.Alternatively, a travelling microscope may be used.The apparatus shall have an accuracy of measurement of 0,05 mm.5.3 Testing machineThe machine shall conform to the requirements of ISO 5893, to an accuracy corresponding to class 1.It shall be capable of registering the
40、applied forces within 1 % during the test while maintaining the specified constant rate of separation of the jaws of 100 mm/min 10 mm/min for the trouser test piece and 500 mm/min 50 mm/min for the angle and crescent test pieces. A low-inertia machine having autographic force-recording facilities is
41、 essential when using the trouser test piece.5.4 GripsThe machine shall be provided with a type of grip which tightens automatically as the tension increases and exerts a uniform pressure across the widened end of the test piece. Each grip shall incorporate a means for positioning so that the test p
42、ieces are inserted symmetrically and in axial alignment with the direction of the pull. The depth of insertion shall be such that the test piece is adequately gripped, DIN ISO 34-1:2016-097 within the parallel-sides portion, when testing angle and crescent test pieces. Trouser test pieces shall be i
43、nserted in the grips in accordance with Figure 4.Dimensions in millimetresKey1 location of cutFigure 1 Trouser test piece dieDimensions in millimetresKey1 location of nick for method B, procedure (b)Figure 2 Angle test piece dieDIN ISO 34-1:2016-098 Dimensions in millimetresKey1 location of nickFigu
44、re 3 Crescent test piece dieFigure 4 Positioning of trouser test piece in testing machine6 CalibrationThe test apparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with the schedule given in Annex B.DIN ISO 34-1:2016-099 7 Test piece7.1 Test pieces shall be cut from rubber sheet of uniform thickness. Prefera
45、bly, the sheet shall have a thickness of 2,0 mm 0,2 mm; however, it is recognized that, when sheets are prepared from finished products, this thickness cannot always be achieved.Sheets may be moulded or prepared from products by cutting or buffing.The requirements of ISO 23529 shall apply to the tim
46、e interval between forming or preparation of the sheet and cutting of test pieces. During this interval, the sheets shall be protected from light as completely as possible.7.2 The sheets shall be conditioned at standard laboratory temperature (see ISO 23529) for at least 3 h before test pieces are c
47、ut from them.Each test piece shall be cut from the sheet by punching with a die, shaped as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 or Figure 3, using a single stroke of the press. The rubber shall be wetted with water or soap solution and shall be supported on a sheet of slightly yielding material (e.g. leather, rubber belting or cardboard) on a flat rigid surface.7.3 Each test piece shall, if possible, be taken in such
