1、November 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.080.05!$ZV(“155510
2、5www.din.deDDIN ISO 17616Soil quality Guidance on the choice and evaluation of bioassays forecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials(ISO 17616:2008)English version of DIN ISO 17616:2009-11Bodenbeschaffenheit Anleitung fr die Auswahl und Beurteilung von Biotestverfahren zur kotox
3、ikologischenCharakterisierung von Bden und Bodenmaterialien (ISO 17616:2008)Englische Fassung DIN ISO 17616:2009-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises pages16DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 Contents National foreword 3 National Annex NA Introduction 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions.
4、 7 3.1 Assessment. 7 3.2 Types of soil and other soil materials 8 3.3 Terms relating to soil characteristics. 8 3.4 Land and sites. 9 4 Principles and use of test batteries 9 5 Testing strategy and interpretation of test results according to the use and re-use of soils, soil materials and soil funct
5、ions. 10 5.1 Monitoring and control of the success of soil treatments . 10 5.2 Assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials with respect to their intended use 10 Annex A (informative) Tests with soil eluate Expression of results 15 Bibliography . 16 Page2(informative) Bibliograph
6、y 4DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality”, Subcommittee SC 7 “Soil and site assessment”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee),
7、 Technical Committee NA 119-01-02-04 UA Biologische Verfahren. Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be recommended to perform the procedures described in this standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights
8、. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 6341 DIN EN ISO 6341 ISO 8692 DIN EN ISO 8692 ISO 11074:2005 E DIN ISO 11074:2006 ISO 11267 DIN ISO 11267
9、 ISO 11268-1 DIN ISO 11268-1 ISO 11268-2 DIN ISO 11268-2 ISO 11269-2 DIN ISO 11269-2 ISO 11348 DIN EN ISO 11348 (all parts) ISO 15685 DIN ISO 15685 ISO 15799:2003 DIN ISO 15799:2004 ISO 16387 DIN ISO 16387 ISO 17155 DIN ISO 17155 ISO 17402:2008 E DIN ISO 17402:2007 ISO 20079 DIN EN ISO 20079 ISO 220
10、30 DIN ISO 22030 3DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 6341, Water quality Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) Acute toxicity test DIN EN ISO 8692, Water quality Freshwater algal growth inhibition tes
11、t with unicellular green algae DIN EN ISO 11348 (all parts), Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) DIN EN ISO 20079, Water quality Determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste wa
12、ter on duckweed (Lemna minor) Duckweed growth inhibition test E DIN ISO 11074:2006, Soil quality Vocabulary DIN ISO 11267, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants DIN ISO 11268-1, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Pa
13、rt 1: Determination of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate DIN ISO 11268-2, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia Fetida) Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction DIN ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Eff
14、ects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants DIN ISO 15685, Soil quality Determination of potential nitrification and inhibition of nitrification Rapid test by ammonium oxidation DIN ISO 15799:2004, Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil ma
15、terials DIN ISO 16387, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and survival DIN ISO 17155, Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of the soil microflora using respiration curves E DIN ISO 17402:2007, Soil quality Gu
16、idance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials DIN ISO 22030, Soil quality Biological methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants 4Introduction The characterization of contaminated soils may be based on strategies co
17、nsidering chemical analysis and/or bioassays. ISO 15799 provides guidance on the selection of experimental methods for the assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials (e.g. excavated and remediated soils, refills, embankments) with respect to their intended use, and possible adv
18、erse effects on aquatic and soil dwelling organisms. An assessment strategy giving instructions for the choice and evaluation of bioassays, and for the evaluation of the test results including empirically derived critical dilution levels that take into account the sensitivity of the test system and
19、the intended use/re-use of the site under investigation, is proposed. This approach is based on the results of a research program and intends to contribute to an effective and comparable risk assessment within the ecotoxicological characterization of contaminated soil. The test systems included in t
20、his approach are not mandatory and may be replaced or accomplished by other test methods. Nevertheless, the test systems selected have proved to characterize contaminated soils appropriately with respect to their ecotoxic properties towards aquatic and terrestrial organisms maintaining the essential
21、 soil functions. Soil quality Guidance on the choice and evaluation of bioassays for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 51 Scope This International Standard is one of a series providing guidance on the characterization of soils and soil materials in r
22、elation to their retention and habitat function and uses. It should be read in conjunction with the other standards in this series. It provides guidance on the choice and evaluation of tests applied for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials. Recommendations for test strategie
23、s with respect to the protection of ground and surface waters and the maintenance of the habitat function of soil are included. The tests recommended represent a minimum test battery that may be accomplished by additional tests, or even be replaced by others, according to the intended uses or protec
24、tion goals envisaged. The effect values indicated in this International Standard do not refer to regulation, but represent the lowest level at which a response is supposed to result in an adverse effect. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application
25、of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6341, Water quality Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) Acu
26、te toxicity test ISO 8692, Water quality Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with unicellular green algae ISO 11074:2005, Soil quality Vocabulary ISO 11267, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants ISO 11268-1, Soil quality Effects of pollutants
27、 on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate ISO 11268-2, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants
28、 on soil flora Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants ISO 11348 (all parts), Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test) ISO 13829, Water quality Determination of the gen
29、otoxicity of water and waste water using the umu-test ISO 15176:2002, Soil quality Characterization of excavated soil and other soil materials intended for re-use ISO 15685, Soil quality Determination of potential nitrification and inhibition of nitrification Rapid test by ammonium oxidation ISO 157
30、99:2003, Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials ISO 15952, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on juvenile land snails (Helicidae) Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination ISO 16240, Water quality Determination of the genotoxicit
31、y of water and waste water Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test) DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 6ISO 16387, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and survival ISO 17155:1), Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of soil mi
32、croflora using respiration curves ISO 17402:1), Soil quality Guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability in soil and soil materials ISO 20079, Water quality Determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste water on duckweed (Lemna mino
33、r) Duckweed growth inhibition test ISO 20665:1), Water quality Determination of chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia ISO 20666:1), Water quality Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h ISO 20963, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on insect larvae (Oxythyrea funest
34、a) Determination of acute toxicity ISO 22030, Soil quality Biological methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Assessment 3.1.1 soil-related assessment assessment of the ecotoxic potential of s
35、oils, soil substrates and soil materials based on chemical analysis, biological tests and field inventories (monitoring) such as that mentioned in the TRIAD approach 9NOTE TRIAD means an assessment approach based on a combination of chemical (i.e. residue analysis), ecotoxicological (i.e. laboratory
36、 tests) and ecological (i.e. monitoring) data. 3.1.2 risk expression of the probability that an adverse effect on soil functions will occur under defined conditions and the magnitude of the consequences of the effect occurring 1) To be published. DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 73.1.3 LID-value lowest-ineffec
37、tive-dilution value lowest value of the dilution factor (LID) for which the test gives an ecotoxicological relevant reduction (e.g. 20 % inhibition of luminescence) EXAMPLE A LID 8 corresponds to a dilution of soil extract of 1:8. NOTE 1 The exact definitions are given in the standard of the respect
38、ive bioassay. According to ISO 13829 for the umu-test, it is the “DLivalue”. According to ISO 16240, it is the “decisive Dminvalue”. NOTE 2 For further information, see Annex A. N1)National footnote: The definition in the original ISO document is incorrect. It should read: “lowest value of the dilut
39、ion factor (LID) for which the test gives no ecotoxicological relevant reduction (e. g. 20 % inhibition of luminescence)” Further explanations are given in Annex A. N1)3.2 Types of soil and other soil materials 3.2.1 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral particles, organic matter,
40、 water, air and organisms ISO 11074:2005 3.2.2 soil material material coming from soil and displaced and/or modified by human activity, including excavated soil, dredged materials, manufactured soils, and treated soils and fill materials ISO 17402:1) 3.2.3 topsoil upper part of a natural soil which
41、is generally dark coloured and has a higher organic matter and nutrient content when compared to the subsoil below 3.3 Terms relating to soil characteristics 3.3.1 habitat function ability of soils/soil materials to serve as a habitat for microorganisms, plants, soil-living animals and their interac
42、tions (biocenoses) ISO 15799:2003 3.3.2 retention function ability of soils/soil materials to adsorb pollutants in such a way that they cannot be mobilized via the water pathway and translocated into the food chain ISO 15799:2003 3.3.3 contaminant substance or agent present in the soil as a result o
43、f human activity cf. pollutant (3.3.4) NOTE There is no assumption in this definition that harm results from the presence of the contaminant. ISO 15176:2002 DIN ISO 17616:2009-11 83.3.4 pollutant substances, which due to their properties, amount or concentration cause impacts on the soil function or
44、 soil use cf. contaminant (3.3.3) NOTE Adapted from ISO 15176:2002. Also see the introduction to ISO 11074:2005. 3.4 Land and sites 3.4.1 re-use useful and harmless utilization of soil materials ISO 15176:2002 4 Principles and use of test batteries Sensitivity of animal and plant communities to toxi
45、cants may vary significantly from one species to another. Thereby, it is therefore admitted that the results of several ecotoxicity tests can only give a clear view of toxic effects of soil or water samples. This combination of ecotoxicity tests, defined as a battery, shall include organisms belongi
46、ng to various trophic levels, several endpoints (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity) as well as varied functional activities, in order to take into account the variability of species sensitivity within the studied compartment. The ecotoxicity tests included in batteries should at least h
47、ave the following characteristics: sensitivity; practicability; standardized protocols; high cost efficiency. These tests should allow the identification of the most sensitive trophic level and give information on toxic effects. The tests should also be representative of the soil ecosystem or at lea
48、st representative of the selected scenario. According to the scenario (e.g. habitat function, agricultural use of waste), the applied test battery can differ. Evaluation of results from ecotoxicological tests applies for monitoring and control of the success of soil treatment (off-site, on-site, in-
49、situ), assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials (e.g. excavated and remediated soils, refills, embankments) with respect to their intended use and possible adverse effects on aquatic and soil-dwelling organisms, and assessment of mobile and bioavailable potentially harmful substances, in cases where the soil/soil material can affect the ground and surface water and in cases where pollutants are add
