1、October 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 24No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 75.100; 45.040!$0o“1921376www.din.deDDIN EN 16028Railway applications Wheel/rail friction management Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications;English version EN 16028:2012,English translation of DIN EN 16028:2012-10Bahnanwendungen Spurkranzschmierung Prfung der Schmierstoffe;Englische
3、Fassung EN 16028:2012,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16028:2012-10Applications ferroviaires Gestion des frottements roue/rail Lubrifiants pour les applications embarques et fixes de voie;Version anglaise EN 16028:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16028:2012-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 63 page
4、sIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.10.12 DIN EN 16028:2012-10 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsibl
5、e German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (Railway Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 087-00-02 AA Fahrwerke. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 2049 DIN ISO 204
6、9 ISO 2176 DIN ISO 2176 ISO 3733 DIN ISO 3733 ISO 6743-99 E DIN ISO 6743-99 ISO 7120 DIN ISO 7120 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 2049, Petroleum products Determination of colour (ASTM scale) DIN ISO 2176, Petroleum products Lubricating grease Determination of dropping point DIN
7、 ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials Determination of water Distillation method E DIN ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Classification Part 99: General DIN ISO 7120, Petroleum products and lubricants Petroleum oils and other fluids Determinatio
8、n of rust-preventing characteristics in the presence of water EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16028 July 2012 ICS 45.040; 75.100 English Version Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Lubricants for trainborne and trackside applications Applications ferroviaires
9、 - Gestion des frottements roue/rail - Lubrifiants pour les applications embarques et fixes de voie Bahnanwendungen - Spurkranzschmierung - Prfung der Schmierstoffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations wh
10、ich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This E
11、uropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members
12、 are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
13、 Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any me
14、ans reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16028:2012: EContents Page Foreword . 4Introduction 51 Scope 62 Normative references . 63 Terms and definitions . 94 Legislative compliance . 105 Approval procedure 106 Control and monitoring of product . 116.1 Manufacturing process. 116.2
15、 Type tests 126.3 Routine tests . 127 Technical datasheet 128 Tests . 128.1 Explanation of Annex A: Tables A.1 to A.4 128.2 Key to Annex A table columns Type, Routine and Datasheet 138.3 Key to Annex A table column Use 139 Packaging, labelling and storage 13Annex A (normative) Requirements for lubri
16、cants and testing . 15Annex B (normative) Water wash-off test 27B.1 Purpose 27B.2 Short description 27B.3 Conditions for testing . 27B.4 Test process 27Annex C (informative) Corrosion test on steel 30C.1 Purpose 30C.2 Short description 30C.3 Conditions for testing . 30C.4 Test process 31Annex D (inf
17、ormative) Behaviour at an elevated temperature Adhesion on steel sheet . 32D.1 Purpose 32D.2 Short description 32D.3 Conditions for test 32D.4 Test process 32Annex E (informative) Determination of the volatile constituents in greases 34E.1 Purpose 34E.2 Short description 34E.3 Conditions for testing
18、 . 34E.4 Test process 35E.5 Recording of test results 35Annex F (informative) Peak forming and droop 36F.1 Purpose 36F.2 Short description 36F.3 Conditions for testing . 36F.4 Test process 36EN 16028:2012 (E) DIN EN 16028:2012-10 2Annex G (informative) Low-temperature torque (rheometer measurement a
19、t -20 C and -30 C) 39G.1 Purpose 39G.2 Short description 39G.3 Conditions for test 39G.4 Test process 40Annex H (informative) Miscibility with flange/rail lubricants in use greases 43H.1 Purpose 43H.2 Short description 43H.3 Conditions for testing . 43H.4 Test process 44Annex I (informative) Miscibi
20、lity with flange/rail lubricants in use oils . 45I.1 Purpose 45I.2 Short description 45I.3 Conditions for testing . 45I.4 Test process 46Annex J (informative) Determination of low temperature cone penetration of greases . 47J.1 Purpose 47J.2 Short description 47J.3 Conditions for test 47J.4 Test pro
21、cess 47Annex K (informative) Functional test on specific equipment . 49K.1 General . 49K.2 Flowing behaviour of wheel-flange greases 49K.3 Test of spraying of oils at various temperatures . 51Annex L (informative) Solid stick testing on twin-disc machine . 55L.1 Purpose 55L.2 Short description 55L.3
22、 Conditions for test 55L.4 Test process 58L.5 Test results 58Annex M (informative) Lubricant product performance - Field assessment 60M.1 General . 60M.2 Product performance assessment 60Bibliography . 61EN 16028:2012 (E) DIN EN 16028:2012-10 3 Foreword This document (EN 16028:2012) has been prepare
23、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting national standard
24、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared un
25、der a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus
26、, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United K
27、ingdom. EN 16028:2012 (E) DIN EN 16028:2012-10 4Introduction Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a complex subject and includes the following aspects: lubrication of the wheel flange/rail gauge corner (active interface), commonly ref
28、erred to as “flange or rail lubrication”; friction modification of the top of rail/wheel tread interface, commonly referred to as “top of rail friction management”. This European Standard sets out requirements for the lubricant for flange or rail lubrication. It specifies requirements for the lubric
29、ant, how to test it and how to approve it. Lubricants should be tested to confirm there is: compatibility with lubricating systems; no intolerable increased risk of fire; no harmful environmental effects; no incompatibility between the different lubricants in use, particularly between solid and flui
30、d systems; satisfactory and consistent product quality and performance. The main purpose of the lubricant is to reduce friction and wear, and keep them at an acceptable level. The content is based on current experience and should not exclude developments that can be later incorporated at reissue. EN
31、 16028:2012 (E) DIN EN 16028:2012-10 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements of lubricants intended for lubrication of the wheel-rail interface between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner (active interface) applied either directly or indirectly to the wheel flange or to th
32、e rail to achieve an acceptable level of friction and wear. It covers the approval procedure, the method of testing and routine control/monitoring of the lubricant. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
33、for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10130, Cold rolled low carbon steel flat products for cold forming Technical delivery conditions EN 15427, Railway a
34、ppllications Wheel/rail friction management Flange lubrication EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (ISO 868) EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 1: Immersion method, liqu
35、id pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1) EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products Corrosiveness to copper Copper strip test (ISO 2160) EN ISO 2592, Petroleum products Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cup method (ISO 2592) EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products Transparent and opaq
36、ue liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104) EN ISO 3146, Plastics Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods (ISO 3146) EN ISO 3675, Cru
37、de petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer method (ISO 3675) EN ISO 4589-1, Plastics Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index Part 1: Guidance (ISO 4589-1) EN ISO 4589-2, Plastics Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index Ambient temp
38、erature test (ISO 4589-2) EN ISO 5659-1, Plastics Smoke generation Part 1: Guidance on optical-density testing (ISO 5659-1) EN ISO 5659-2, Plastics Smoke generation Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test (ISO 5659-2) ISO/TR 5659-3, Plastics Smoke generation Part 3: Determination o
39、f optical density by a dynamic-flow method EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of density Oscillating U-tube method (ISO 12185) EN 16028:2012 (E) DIN EN 16028:2012-10 6EN ISO 20623, Petroleum and its products Determination of the extreme-pressure and anti-wear properti
40、es of fluids Four ball method (European conditions) (ISO 20623) ISO 760, Determination of water Karl Fischer method (General method) ISO 2049, Petroleum products Determination of colour (ASTM scale) ISO 2137, Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of cone penetration of lubricating greases
41、and petrolatum ISO 2176, Petroleum products Lubricating grease Determination of dropping point ISO 3016, Petroleum products Determination of pour point ISO 3733, Petroleum products and bituminous materials Determination of water Distillation method ISO 6072,Rubber Compatibility between hydraulic flu
42、ids and standard elastomeric materials ISO 6743-99, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Classification Part 99: General ISO 7120, Petroleum products and lubricants Petroleum oils and other fluids Determination of rust-preventing characteristics in the presence of water ISO 977
43、2, Cellular plastics Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame ISO 11007, Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of rust-prevention characteristics of lubricating greases DIN 51350-4, Testing of lubricants Testing by the Shell four-bal
44、l tester Determination of welding load of consistent lubricants DIN 51350-5, Testing of lubricants Testing by the Shell four-ball tester Determination of wear data for consistent lubricants DIN 51398, Testing of lubricants Procedure for measurement of low temperature apparent viscosity by means of t
45、he Brookfield viscometer (liquid bath method) DIN 51418-1, X-ray spectrometry X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) Part 1: Definitions and principles DIN 51418-2, X-ray spectrometry X-ray emissions and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) Part 2: Definitions and basic principles for me
46、asurements, calibration and evaluation of results DIN 51451, Testing of petroleum products and related products Analysis by infrared spectrometry General working principles DIN 51631, Mineral spirits Special boiling point spirits Requirements DIN 51777-2, Testing of mineral oil-hydrocarbons and solvents Determination of the water content according to Karl Fischer (indirect method) DIN 51805, Testing of lubricants Determination of flow pressure of lubricating greases Kesternich method DIN 51807-1, Testing of lubricants Test of the behaviou
