1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationInterruption indexesPD CLC/TR 50555:2010Incorporating corrigendum February 2011National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation ofCLC/TR 50555:2010, incorporatin
2、g corrigendum February 2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/8, Systems Aspects for Electrical Energy Supply.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include a
3、ll the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 74891 2 ICS 27.010; 29.240.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standard
4、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2010.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDPD CLC/TR 50555:201031 July 2011 Implementation of CENELEC corrigendum February 2011: Modification of forewordTECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50555 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BE
5、RICHT May 2010 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any mean
6、s reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.Ref. No. CLC/TR 50555:2010 EICS 27.010;29.240.01 English version Interruption indexes Indicateurs dinterruption Unterbrechungsindizes This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2010-05-07. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of
7、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Unit
8、ed Kingdom. CLC/TR 50555:2010 - 2 - Foreword This Technical Report was prepared by Task Force 4, (Interruption definitions and continuity indices) of Working Group 1 (Physical characteristics of electrical energy), of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 8X, System aspects of electrical energy supply. It
9、was circulated for voting in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.4.3.3 (simple majority). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any
10、 or all such patent rights in cooperation with CEER. _ PD CLC/TR 50555:2010- 3 - CLC/TR 50555:2010 Contents 1 Introduction and scope .5 1.1 Introduction .5 1.2 Scope 6 1.3 Continuity indices Needs and applications 6 2 Terms and definitions .8 3 Continuity of supply Interruptions 10 3.1 Background in
11、formation on interruptions . 10 3.2 Interruptions as defined by EN 50160 10 3.3 Interruption sources . 11 3.4 Classification of the interruptions . 12 4 Explanation of continuity 14 4.1 Long interruption continuity indices 15 4.2 Short interruption continuity indices . 18 4.3 Worst Served Customers
12、. 19 4.4 Practices for recording short interruptions . 19 4.5 Rules for recording long interruptions 20 4.6 Interruption indices in use across Europe 24 5 Recommended continuity indices 29 5.1 Philosophy and criteria for recommending indices 29 5.2 Recommended continuity indices 29 6 Recommended dat
13、a collection and aggregation 30 6.1 General 30 6.2 Parameter uncertainty impact on continuity indices 31 6.3 Classification of reported indices . 32 6.4 Example of continuity indices estimation . 32 7 Information helpful when comparing continuity indices . 34 7.1 Important differences between countr
14、ies and a single recommendation 34 7.2 Observation period for continuity indices . 35 8 Trends, new and future developments 36 8.1 Development / improvement of new tools (technology) . 36 8.2 Recording data considerations 36 8.3 Development in telecommunication systems . 36 8.4 Smart grids and meter
15、ing aspects . 37 8.5 Simulation techniques 37 8.6 Standardization considerations 37 8.7 Particular incidence in LV networks . 37 8.8 Cause and effect considerations 37 Bibliography . 38 PD CLC/TR 50555:2010CLC/TR 50555:2010 - 4 - Figures Figure 1 Network operator organizational levels and stakeholde
16、rs 7 Figure 2 Short interruption within a long interruption . 22 Figure 3 Short interruption after a long interruption . 23 Figure 4 Two consecutive short interruptions. 24 Figure 5 Interruption scenarios . 33 Figure 6 Risk performance versus risk exposure . 35 Tables Table 1 Indices for quantifying
17、 long interruptions used in European countries . 25 Table 2 Monitoring and indices for short and transient interruptions in European countries 28 Table 3 System characteristics recommended 35 PD CLC/TR 50555:2010- 5 - CLC/TR 50555:2010 1 Introduction and scope 1.1 Introduction As a result of the lib
18、eralization of electricity markets, System Operators are being increasingly encouraged to report the performance of their electric power systems to other parties, in particular the network users and the national regulation authorities (NRA). While in the past, quality of supply was generally conside
19、red as an implicit duty on System Operators, today quality objectives have become more and more definite objectives agreed with the Regulator and/or part of the contracts negotiated with the Network Users. Indeed a number of European Regulators have already defined, or planned to define, quality of
20、supply 1)objectives (addressing continuity of supply and/or voltage quality) to be met by electric distribution systems. In some countries, quality of supply objectives form part of the incentive-based regulation. Quality of supply limits can be seen as the outer envelope of performance for each qua
21、lity of supply parameter. Specific continuity of supply Indices are established by particular Regulators in order to facilitate benchmarking the performance of the System Operators under their jurisdiction. The indices allow System Operators to meet their obligation to routinely report continuity of
22、 supply performance. It is important that the objectives are seen not only as achievable but also as being cost effective considering the needs of all the network users. As customers expect a high continuity of supply for a reasonable price, one of the roles of a System Operator is to optimise the c
23、ontinuity performance of the electric system in a cost effective manner; the role of the Regulator being to ensure that this is carried out in a correct way taking into account the customers expectations and their willingness to pay. It needs to be recognized that historically the electrical systems
24、 in different countries have been designed in different ways based on different technological choices, commercial approaches or climatic conditions. There is a great variety of reliability indices used within the different European countries. Each country has its own indices, some are system orienta
25、ted and others are customer oriented. Some countries measure separately the frequency and the duration of interruptions, others combine them into a single value. In addition, not all the countries use the same definitions for interruptions and their classification. For all of these reasons it is cur
26、rently very difficult to compare the continuity of supply indices between countries. 1)Quality of electricity supply is a collective effect of all aspects of performance in the electricity supply. The quality of the electricity supply includes as a prerequisite reliability of the electric power syst
27、em, power quality and customer relationships. For the purpose of this Technical Report the term continuity of supply is used for the availability of the electricity. PD CLC/TR 50555:2010CLC/TR 50555:2010 - 6 - 1.2 Scope This Technical Report provides guidance on how to calculate continuity of supply
28、 indices. These recommended indices are more particularly given for European benchmarking of distribution network performance. For transmission network performance, more representative indices 2)may be used. It presents an overview of practices in Europe on long and short interruptions, definition o
29、f physical interruptions in a harmonized way, philosophy and criteria for recommending indices, a suggested common approach to continuity indices. The fact that the networks in different parts of any particular country will be subject to different conditions (e.g. weather and customer density) mean
30、that it is not viable to apply common performance standards to all networks within any one country or any group of countries without making these targets so weak that there is a good prospect of them being achieved in all areas. The present situation where national regulators set performance targets
31、 within their own countries is widely regarded as being the most effective mechanism for achieving optimal socio-economic performance. For these reasons this Technical Report does not provide common targets for the number and duration of interruptions that should not be exceeded. This Technical Repo
32、rt is designed to be a first step towards benchmarking the interruption performance of European countries. Rules on the aggregation of interruptions, in particular short interruptions, have not been considered in this Technical Report, however it is recognised that it might be necessary to describe
33、aggregation rules in a second version of the Technical Report. 1.3 Continuity indices Needs and applications Performance indices in general are important tools in decision making for transmission and distribution system asset management. Such indices can be used to translate issues, which might be r
34、ather vaguely expressed, into formalized parameters to be used in decision-making. As the reliability of the power system is a key element in power system management, continuity indices are useful to translate objectives such as to maximize power system reliability and to provide our customers with
35、a supply that has the minimum number of interruptions. into more formalized objectives and targets aimed to support asset management and stakeholder communication. In power system asset management, decisions must be taken at different organizational levels within companies. Figure 1 illustrates the
36、main decision levels as well as the most important stakeholders that may influence decisions at different levels. 2)For example, “Average Interruption Time“ is commonly used by TSO (AIT = T x ENS / ET). PD CLC/TR 50555:2010- 7 - CLC/TR 50555:2010 Figure 1 Network operator organizational levels and s
37、takeholders The stakeholders set the general requirements, for the business, that are further translated into internal business values and criteria. For example, compliance with the rules and regulations concerning continuity of supply are strategic criteria important for the utilities, authorities
38、and regulators. Obtaining a sufficient profit or return on the assets is an important criterion for company owners while low cost and high reliability of supply are requirements of the customers. In order to be able to take into consideration all continuity aspects from different stakeholder perspec
39、tives, continuity indices are needed. Continuity indices have several applications: a) they might be used to measure overall developments and trends; b) they might be used in benchmarking to identify best practices and learn from others; c) they might be included in planning objectives and/or planni
40、ng restrictions; d) they might be used in contractual arrangements; e) they might be used by regulatory authorities; f) they might be used in stakeholder communication. The list above is rather general and covers company levels, national issues and international issues. As this Technical Report focu
41、ses on the international level (European issues), the main applications and criteria for recommending indices are given in Clause 5. PD CLC/TR 50555:2010CLC/TR 50555:2010 - 8 - 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 high voltage (HV)
42、 voltage whose nominal r.m.s. value is 36 kV 60 min then contribute MAIFIE = totNNN 31. In Italy short interruptions are always recorded, if there are more than 60 min from the end of the previous interruption (short or long). Interruptions occurring to different customers on the same circuit can ha
43、ve different duration and are classified as long or short using each single customer viewpoint. If (+T2-T1) 60 min then contribute MAIFIE = 0 If (+T2-T1) 60 min and 60 min) then MAIFIE = (N1-N2)/Ntot If 60 min then MAIFIE = (N1-N2)+(N2-N3)/NtotIn the United Kingdom short interruptions occurring for
44、some customers during a long interruption for other customers on the same circuit are not counted. In which case, MAIFI = 0. N1 N2 N3 1stinterr.: long 2ndinterr.: shortT1 T2 T3TshortPD CLC/TR 50555:2010- 23 - CLC/TR 50555:2010 Case B: A short interruption after a long interruption is given in Figure
45、 3 Figure 3 Short interruption after a long interruption In France, interruptions occurring due to reconfiguration manoeuvres or automatic mechanisms within 1 h from the beginning of a long interruption are not counted if they are related to the same incident: If end+T3 60 min then contribute MAIFIE
46、 = 0; If end+T3 60 min then contribute MAIFIE = totNN2. In Italy short interruptions are always recorded, if there is more than one hour from the end of the previous interruption (short or long). Interruptions occurring to different customers on the same circuit can have different duration and are c
47、lassified as long or short using each single customers viewpoint. If (end+T3-T2) 60 min then contribute MAIFIE = 0 If (end+T3-T2) 60 min and end 60 min) then MAIFIE = (N2-N3)/Ntot If end 60 min MAIFIE = (N2-N3)+N3)/NtotIn the United Kingdom it is required to record short interruptions which follow l
48、ong interruptions only if the time between the end of the long interruption and the start of the short interruption lasts more than three hours: If end 180 min then contribute MAIFIE = 0; If end 180 min then contribute MAIFIE = totNN2. In the United Kingdom, short interruptions, which precede long i
49、nterruptions, must be recorded as separate interruptions. 1stinterr.: long 2ndinterr.: short T1 T2 T30 endTshortN1 N2 N3 PD CLC/TR 50555:2010CLC/TR 50555:2010 - 24 - Case C: Two consecutive short interruptions are given in Figure 4 Figure 4 Two consecutive short interruptions In France, short interruptions resulting from protection operations and automatic mechanisms and preceding at maximum two minutes a long or short interruption are not counted. First short interr
