1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CR 14376:2002 Adhesives Adhesives for paper and board, packaging and disposable sanitary products Description and assessment of the setting process The European Standard CR 14376:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PE
2、RMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPD CR 14376:2002 This Published Document, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 May 2002 BSI 28 May 2002 ISBN 0 580 3
3、9722 X National foreword This Published Document is the official English language version of CR 14376:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/52, Adhesives, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be ob
4、tained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facilit
5、y of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of this publication are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fr
6、om legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary o
7、f pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CR title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsCENREPORT RAPPORTCEN CENBE
8、RICHT CR14376 January2002 ICS Englishversion AdhesivesAdhesivesforpaperandboard,packagingand disposablesanitaryproductsDescriptionandassessmentof thesettingprocess ThisCENReportwasapprovedbyCENon30November2001.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC193. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodieso
9、fAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassar
10、t,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CR14376:2002ECR14376:2002(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .5 4 Safety 5 5 Descriptionoftermsofthesettingprocess . 6 5.1 General6 5.2
11、 Setting.6 5.3 Settingtime .6 5.4 Maximumopentime . .6 5.5 BondSettingtime . .7 5.6 HotTackWetTack. 7 AnnexA (informative) Examplesofequipmentavailableonthemarket.8 A.1 PrincipleofWERLETacktester . .8 A.2 PrincipleofOLINGERadhesionbondtester .8 A.3 PrincipleofFIPAGOadhesivetester . 9 A.4 Principleof
12、theWACKERAZGTESTINGapparatus. .10 A.5 PrincipleoftheASSTI(AdhesiveSettingSpeedTestInstrument).11CR14376:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(CR14376:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC193“Adhesives“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAENOR. ThisReportincludesaninformativeAnnexA.CR14376:2002(E) 4 In
13、troduction Thesettingofanadhesiveisacomplexprocess,duringwhichtheadhesivedevelopsitscohesivestrength. Ittakesplaceinseveralphaseswhichareaffectedbynumerousfactorse.g.environmentalconditions,substrates, coatingweight,etc.Termscommonlyused,relatedtothesettingprocessaree.g.opentime(correctlytermed maxi
14、mumopentime),wettack,hottack,greentack,closedtime,settingtime.CR14376:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThisReportdefinesthetermsofthesettingprocessindetail,anddescribesthevariousaspectsofthetesting proceduresusedtoassessthesettingprocess. 2 Normativereferences ThisCENReportincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,prov
15、isionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormative referencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordated references,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisCENReportonly whenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelat
16、esteditionofthepublication referredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN923, AdhesivesTermsanddefinitions EN1066 ,AdhesivesSampling ISO291,Plastics Standardatmospheresforconditioningandtesting 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposeofthisCENReportthetermsanddefinitionsinaccordancewithEN923andthefollowingap
17、ply. 3.1 setting processbywhichanadhesivedevelopsitscohesivestrengthandthusthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofits bond NOTE Thedevelopmentcanbeeffectedbyphysicalchanges(gelation,hydration,cooling,evaporationofvolatile constituents)and/orchemicalreactions(polymerization,crosslinking,oxidation,curing).
18、 EN923:1998 3.2 settingtime periodoftimenecessaryforanadhesivetosetunderthespecifiedconditions EN923:1998 3.3 maximumopentime maximumtimeintervalafterwhichanadhesivecoatbeingappliedlosesitsbondingability EN923:1998 4Safety PersonsusingthisReportshallbefamiliarwithnormallaboratorypractice.Thisdocumen
19、tdoesnotpurportto addressallthesafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuseitistheresponsibilityoftheusertoestablishsafety andhealthpracticesandtoensurecompliancewithanyEuropeanandnationalconditions.CR14376:2002(E) 6 5 Descriptionoftermsofthesettingprocess 5.1General Thefollowingtermsareusedtodescribet
20、hesettingprocessandtotestthesettingpropertiesofadhesivesfor paperandboard,packaginganddisposablesanitaryproducts. Thedescriptionincludessomerecommendationsfortestingsettingproperties. 5.2Setting Theincreaseinstrengthofanadhesivebondwithtimecanbemeasured. Anadhesiveisusuallyappliedtoanadherendinliqui
21、dormoltenformandhasarelativelylowcohesivestrengthat thetimeofapplication.Theadhesivewillundergophysicalchangee.g.lossofwater,solventorthermalenergyor gellationorcrystallisationand/orchemicalchangese.g.polymerisation,crosslinking,oxidationreflectedinan increaseinviscosityandcohesivestrength. Thisincr
22、easeinviscosityandcohesivestrengthiscalled“setting“. Inthecaseofadhesivecoatingse.g.heatsealorremoistenableadhesives,thecoatingshouldfirstbereactivated byaddingthermalenergyand/orwater.Inthecaseofcoldsealorcontactadhesivespressurecouldalsobe necessary. Bondstrengthappearstodevelopcontinuouslywiththe
23、majorityofadhesives,butindistinctphaseswithothers. NOTE Thedirectmeasurementofcohesivestrengthofadhesivesusedforpaperandpackagingisdifficult.Therefore,in practice,thestrengthofabondismeasuredandtheincreaseinthebondstrengthwithtimeistakentobeameasureofthe increaseofthecohesivestrength. 5.3 Settingtim
24、e Whenthecohesivestrengthofanadhesivenolongerincreaseswithtime,theadhesivehassetandthetimetaken forthistooccuriscalled“settingtime”. However,inbondsthespeedofsettingisinfluencedbytheadherends,theassemblingandbytheenvironmental conditions. Thereforethesettingtimeobservedinpracticebyvariousprocedures(
25、e.g.timetoreachfibretear,substratefailure oradefinedminimumbondstrength),isnotnecessarilythesameasthetimerequiredforanadhesivetosetfully i.e.toreachitsmaximumcohesivestrength. Thussettingtimedatashouldalwaysbetreatedwithcautionbecauseabsolutevaluescannotbedetermined. Settingtimeswillalwaysbespecific
26、toequipment,substratesandconditions. 5.4Maximum open time Whenanadhesiveisappliedtoasubstrate,(withtheexceptionofpressuresensitiveadhesivesandcoldseal adhesives)afteracertainperiodoftimeitlosestheabilitytoformasatisfactorybondwhenasecondsurfaceis broughtintocontactwithit.Thistimeiscalledthemaximumop
27、entime. Asatisfactorybondisonethatfulfilstherequirementsofitsintendedpurpose. Thismaximumopentimecanbedeterminedbymeasuringthestrengthofbondsmadeatregularintervalsafterthe adhesivehasbeenappliedtooneadherend. Themaximumopentimeistakenasthetimeafterwhichtheresultingbondstrengthfallsbelowanagreed perc
28、entage(usually50%)ofthemaximumvalue. Maximumopentimewillalwaysbespecifictoequipment,substrateandconditions.CR14376:2002(E) 7 5.5Bond Setting time Afterabondhasbeenformedwithinthemaximumopentimeoftheadhesive,thestrengthofthebondcanbe measuredattimeintervalsafterbondformation.Thisallowsthedevelopmento
29、fthebondstrengthtobe determined.Thetimenecessaryforagivenbondstrengthtobereachedisreferredtoasthe“bondsettingtime“. Thesettingtimewillalwaysbespecifictoequipment,substrateandconditions. 5.6 HotTackWetTack Theadhesiveisnamedas“highhottack“whenabondwithahotmeltadhesiveimmediatelyshowshighstrength. Whe
30、nthebondstrengthisrelativelylow,thehotmeltadhesiveshowslowhottack. Similarly,ifawaterborneadhesiveiscapableofformingabondwithrelativelyhighstrengthimmediatelyafterits applicationtothesubstrateitisnamedas“highwettack“. Hottackandwettackwillalwaysbespecifictoequipment,substrateandconditions. NOTE Hott
31、ackandwettackofanadhesiveincreaseduringthemaximumopentime,e.g.ifthebondisformedatthe beginningofthemaximumopentime,theresultinghottack/wettackwillbelowerthanifthebondisformedattheendofthe maximumopentime.CR14376:2002(E) 8 AnnexA (informative) Examplesofequipmentavailableonthemarket Allequipmentsdesc
32、ribedinthisAnnexcanonlybeusedforcomparativetestsandnottodetermineabsolute values. A.1 PrincipleofWERLETacktester WERLETackTesterisanequipmentintendedtoevaluatethesettingprocessofawaterbornadhesive. Characteristicsthatcanbeevaluatedare: Open Time Closed Time SettingTime Thetestmachineconsistsof: 1) A
33、nautomaticsystemtoapplyonapaperstripafixedquantityoftheadhesive 2) ATimerthatfixestheopentime 3) ATimerthatfixestheclosedtime 4) Anautomaticsystemthatjointsasecondstripofpapertothefirstwheretheadhesiveisapplied 5) Adynamometricsystemthatmeasurestheforcenecessarytoseparatethetwostripsofpaper NOTE the
34、measureiscarriedoutbyaTpeeltest 6) Arecorderthatregisterstheforcenecessaryinrelationwiththetime ManufactureroftheWERLETackTesterEquipment: TWINGALBERTEUROPE D.V.OFNVRYCOBELS.A. NIJVERHEITSLAAN47 B8540DEERLIJK(B) Tel:+3256774545 Fax:+3256773040 A.2PrincipleofOLINGERadhesionbondtester OLINGERAdhesionB
35、ondTesterisanequipmentintendedtoinvestigatethesettingprocessofanadhesive (commonlyusedinhotmeltorwaterborneadhesives). Thepropertiesoftheadhesivewhichcanbeevaluatedare: Maximumopentime HottackandwettackCR14376:2002(E) 9 Settingtimeofthebond Thetesterconsistsofahorizontallymovinglowersledgeandavertic
36、allymovinguppersledge.Substrate specimensareclampedonthesledges.Whenthetestisstarted,thelowersledgemovesunderanozzlewhich appliesaconstantadhesiveweightintheformofaline. Astheadhesiveisapplied,anelectronicopentimerisactivated,andthelowersledgecontinuesitshorizontal motionuntilitcomestorestundertheup
37、persledge. Whenthepresetopentimehaselapsed,theuppersledgeisdrivendown,matingthetwosubstratesandclosed timerisactivated. Oncetheclosedtimehaselapsed,theuppersledgeispulledupinordertoseparatethesledges. Theamountofadhesiveandtheforcesappliedtotheupperandlowersledgeareindividuallyairpressure regulated.
38、 Inthecaseofhotmeltadhesive,temperatureiselectronicallycontrolled. Astraingaugefixedtothelowersledgecontinuouslyrespondstothecompressionandseparationforcesonthe bondandthisresponseisrecorded. Someparameterswhichcanbemodifiedontheequipmentare: Openassemblytime Closedassemblytime Adhesivetemperature C
39、oatingweight Substrate Forcesappliedontheupperandlowersledges. MANUFACTURERADRESS: OLINGERCo 21572NewlandStreet HuntingtonBeachCA92646USA Tel:7143741354 Fax:7143741254 A.3 PrincipleofFIPAGOadhesivetester FIPAGOisanequipmentintendedtoevaluatethesettingprocessofaliquidadhesive. Characteristicsthatcanb
40、eevaluatedare: OpenTime ClosedTime SettingTime Theadhesiveisappliedonastripofsupportbyhand. Thetestmachineconsistsof:CR14376:2002(E) 10 1) Atimerthatfixestheopentime(thistimerisstartedbytheoperatorwhowithhishandcrossesthefieldofa photoelectriccell). Whenthefixedopentimeends,thistimeractivatesarollth
41、atjointsasecondstripofsupport. 2) Atimerthat,whentheclosedtimeends,activatesasystemthatoperatesarentandmeasuresthework necessary. ManufactureroftheFIPAGEadhesiveTesterEquipment: STROEHLEIN KAARST GERMANY A.4 PrincipleoftheWACKERAZGTESTINGapparatus Duringsettingofadispersionoranadhesivethestrengthofa
42、bondincreases. Thesettingprocesscanbedescribedbymeasuringtheincreaseofthestrengthoftheindividualbonddepending ontime. TocharacterisethesettingprocesswiththeAZGsettingequipment,theminimumtimenecessarytodevelopinthe definedbondareaof1cm 2 enoughstrengthtowithstandtheloadof2Nbroughtupalmostwithoutany a
43、cceleration 1) verticaltotheglueline,shallbemeasured. Thetestprocedureshouldberepeatedasoftenasnecessarytofindtheshortesttimewithin 0,2sinan“passor fail”procedure. TheAZGTestEquipmentconsistsinprincipleinthefollowingcomponents: 1. housingforelectricalandmechanicalcomponents 2. timersfortheexacttimingof“opentime”and“closedwaitingtime” 3. dispersion/adhesivecoatingdevice(wirecoater,mechanicallymoved) 4. pressurering(Druckfeder)tofixthejointof1cm 2 duringclosedwaitingtime 5. balanceweighttocompensatethe
