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    CEN TR 16435-2012 Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements《液体石油产品 含氧混合实际符合EN 228的要求》.pdf

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    CEN TR 16435-2012 Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements《液体石油产品 含氧混合实际符合EN 228的要求》.pdf

    1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationLiquid petroleum products Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirementsPD CEN/TR 16435:2012National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/

    2、TR 16435:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users

    3、 are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 78575 7ICS 91.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of t

    4、heStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16435:2012TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16435 October 2012 ICS 91.100.01 English Version Liquid petroleum products -

    5、 Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements Produits ptroliers liquides - Oxygenates blending par exigences actuelles dEN 228 Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse - Zumischung von sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen entsprechend den bestehenden Anforderungen nach EN 228 This Technical Report was

    6、 approved by CEN on 25 September 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, H

    7、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Manag

    8、ement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16435:2012: EPD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Background 43 General issues .44 Refer

    9、ence data .45 Blend examples5Bibliography 7PD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16435:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat

    10、of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 4 1 Scope This Technica

    11、l Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in line with EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements. This Technical Report is publis

    12、hed as background information. NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, , and the volume fraction, . 2 Background The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide guidance when blending oxygenates while

    13、meeting the requirements of EN 228:2012 3 for both oxygenates and oxygen content as listed in Table 1 and Table 2 of that European Standard. Selected properties of some commonly used oxygenates and examples of six oxygenated blends are reported to demonstrate the relationship between the concentrati

    14、on of oxygenated blending components and oxygen content. The data given in this document are based on the properties of pure chemical products. If impurities, by-products or unreacted feedstocks are present in the oxygenates, these data may differ slightly from those for commercial oxygenates. 3 Gen

    15、eral issues The relationship between oxygenate contents expressed in % (m/m) and %(V/V) depends on the density of the individual components and their possible non-linear interactions (effects such as volume change) when blended. Changes in density can be caused by variations in the composition of th

    16、e oxygenate components (e.g. the purity of the oxygenate) as well as by the measurement temperature. These density changes will also be reflected in the % (V/V) range of the final product. This means that the limits for oxygenate content in % (V/V) will depend on all of these variations so that accu

    17、rate limits are not very easily specified in practical terms. Therefore, accurate relationships between the oxygenates content in % (V/V) and the oxygen content in % (m/m) can only be given when all of the influencing factors are precisely described. 4 Reference data Tables 1 and 2 of EN 228:2012 li

    18、st the different oxygenates that are allowed for blending in petrol for which reference data 4, 5, 6, 7 are given in Table 1 below. NOTE 1 Table 1 and its requirements also include other oxygenates: other mono-alcohols and ethers with a final boiling point not higher than 210 C. Reference data have

    19、not been included. NOTE 2 Reference data have been included for several ethers even though they all fall under the single definition and limits of “ethers (five or more C atoms)”. PD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 5 Table 1 Selected properties of petrol and some oxygenates Component Abbreviation

    20、 Formula Densityat 15 C kg/m Molecular weight g/mol Oxygencontent % (m/m) Unleaded petrol EN 228 CxHy720 - 775 100 - 105 0,0 Methanol MeOH C1H4O 795,8 32,04 49,93 Ethanol EtOH C2H6O 794,8 46,07 34,73 Isopropyl Alcohol IPA C3H8O 789,4 60,10 26,62 Tertiary Butyl Alcohol TBA C4H10O 810,6 74,12 21,59 Is

    21、obutyl Alcohol IBA C4H10O 789,5 74,12 21,59 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE C5H12O 745,3 88,15 18,15 Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ETBE C6H14O 745,0 102,18 15,66 Tertiary Amyl Methyl Ether TAME C6H14O 775,2 102,18 15,66 Tertiary Amyl Ethyl Ether TAEE C7H16O 750,0 116,20 13,77 5 Blend examples There ar

    22、e a wide range of blending choices that may be chosen between alcohols and ethers. For the purposes of this document, the following selection criteria have been adopted: the petrol density is assumed to be 750 kg/m; blends of more than two oxygenates are not considered; among the alcohols, only etha

    23、nol has been considered; among the ethers, only ETBE has been considered; oxygen content is maximized at 2,7 % (m/m) for E5 and at 3,7 % (m/m) for E10; a maximum ETBE content case, corresponding to 22 % (V/V) in E10, is not included in these examples; a 5 % (V/V) EtOH case is considered both for E5

    24、and E10 grades in order to provide an “across-grades” comparison; a 1:1 alcohol/ether blend is included to represent a “co-blending“ option. Using these criteria, six different blending examples are provided in Table 2, three for E5 and three for E10 blends. PD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 6 T

    25、able 2 Examples of different oxygenate blends Oxygenate Blends Oxygen EtOH ETBE Example Name Type % (m/m) % (V/V) % (m/m) % (V/V) % (m/m) 1 E5 EtOH only 1,84 5,00 5,30 0 0 2 E5 ETBE only 2,7 0 0 17,36 17,24 3 E5 5 % (V/V) EtOH & ETBE 2,7 5,00 5,30 5,53 5,49 4 E10 EtOH only 3,68 10,00 10,60 0 0 5 E10

    26、 5% (V/V) EtOH & ETBE 3,70 5,00 5,30 11,96 11,88 6 E10 7 % (m/m) ETBE & EtOH 3,70 7,07 7,50 7,05 7,00 The relationship between the volume percentage of an oxygenate component as a function of its mass percentage (and vice versa) is as described below when the densities of the finished blend and one

    27、of the two blending components are known: O= OO/ P(1) O= OP/ O(2) where O= mass fraction of the oxygenated component in the final blend, expressed in % (m/m) O= volume fraction of the oxygenated component in the final blend, expressed in % (V/V) O= density of the oxygenated component P= density of p

    28、etrol PD CEN/TR 16435:2012CEN/TR 16435:2012 7 Bibliography 1 Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor a

    29、nd reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC 2 Directive 2011/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 1 June 2011 amending, for the purpose of its ada

    30、ptation to technical progress, Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels 3 EN 228:2012, Automotive fuels Unleaded petrol Requirements and test methods 4 Automotive fuels handbook K. Owen, T. Coley SAE International 1990 5 Alte

    31、rnative Fuel Technology Series Volume 2 Comparative Properties of Conventional and Alternative Fuels E.M. Goodger Cranfield Press 1982 6 Technical Product Bulletin ETBE EFOA June 2006 7 FERC REACH Consortium: http:/www.reachcentrum.eu/en/consortium-management/consortia-under-reach/ferc-reach-consort

    32、ium.aspx PD CEN/TR 16435:2012This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at th

    33、e international level. BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardisation products are published by BSI Standards Limited.British Standards Institution (BSI)raising standards worldwideBSI389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996

    34、Standards and PASs are periodically updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards and PASs should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an

    35、inaccuracy or ambiguity while using British Standards would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside frontcover. Similary for PASs, please notify BSI Customer Services.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001BSI offers BSI

    36、 Subscribing Members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of British Standards and PASs.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7669 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: Buying standardsYou may buy PDF and hard copy versions of standards directly

    37、using acredit card from the BSI Shop on the website addition all orders for BSI, international and foreign standards publicationscan be addressed to BSI Customer Services.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: In response to orders for international standards, BSI will supply the B

    38、ritish Standard implementation of the relevant international standard, unless otherwise requested.Information on standardsBSI provides a wide range of information on national, Europeanand international standards through its Knowledge Centre.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7004 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7005Email: BSI

    39、 Subscribing Members are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase priceof standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: Information regarding online

    40、access to British Standards and PASs via British Standards Online can be found at information about British Standards is available on the BSI website at www.bsi- the data, software and documentation set out in all British Standards and other BSI publications are the property of and copyrighted by B

    41、SI, or some person or entity that own copyright in the information used (such as the international standardisation bodies) has formally licensed such information to BSI for commerical publication and use. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reprodu

    42、ced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Department.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070Email:


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