1、 CEA White Paper Power Management for A/V Network-Capable Devices 04/2004 NOTICE CEA Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improve
2、ment of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selli
3、ng products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether the standard or other technical publications are to be
4、used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any oblig
5、ation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This technical publication does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this technical publication t
6、o establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CEA R7.5 A/V Network Subcommittee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2002 Technology display device and tuner/power su
7、pply) TV with Electronic Program Guide (EPG) Office equipment Some of these product categories may apply to home systems. -13- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Computers (includes monitor specification) Copiers Faxes Monitors Multifunction Devices (copier plus printing from computer and fax,
8、and/or faxing, and/or scanning) Printers Scanners The following device categories are not included in the Energy Star product-eligibility criteria list. Additional devices may be added by R7.5 according to the needs of the committee members. External network devices Devices that span networks need t
9、o be designed so the power requirements and network functions for each network are considered. This has implications for power saving modes in network bridges, routers, and gateways. It is essential for any network device that can operate with standby power to continue fulfilling the device requirem
10、ents and network functions. Examples of such network devices include: Residential gateways Routers Modems Conditional Access (CA) system access devices Internal network devices Hubs Switches -14- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA A/V network adapter Wireless access point Content storage PVR /
11、DVR (Personal Video Recorder / Digital Video Recorder) Media server (jukebox, MP3 player, etc.) -15- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Appendix A IEC Definitions of Power Modes Two IEC standards provide power mode definitions relevant to consumer A/V devices: IEC 62301, which addresses standby
12、 power only IEC 62087, which addresses all power modes IEC 62301 IEC 62301, “HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES - Measurement of Standby Power,” under development by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Technical Committee 59 (www.iec.ch). Standby Mode is defined as: “The lowest power consum
13、ption mode which cannot be switched off (influenced) by the user and that may persist for an indefinite time when an appliance is connected to the main electricity supply and used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Note: The standby mode is usually a non-operational mode when compare
14、d to the intended use of the appliances primary function.” Note that the terms Local Standby and Network Standby as used in this report differ from the IEC usage and from other usages. For some devices the standby level is zero. The standby level can occur in any power mode. IEC 62087 The purpose of
15、 IEC 62087, “Methods of measurement for the power consumption of Audio, Video, and related equipment,” (March 2002) is to measure the energy consumption of extant A/V devices, in contrast to this report, which defines states for future devices. IEC 62087 defines power states that closely parallel th
16、ose in this report. Thus, there is an easy correspondence. The differences are: -16- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA The Disconnected/Off state in this report maps to two states in IEC 62087: Disconnected and Off. Local Standby in this report is called Standby-Passive in IEC 62087. Network S
17、tandby in this report is called Standby-Active in IEC 62087 and is divided into low and high forms (with the latter involving data exchange with other devices). Active in this report is called On in IEC 62087 and is divided into play and record substates. An issue worthy of note in IEC 62087 is comp
18、osite devices (e.g. a TV/VCR combination), in which part of the device is in one power state and part in another. -17- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Appendix B Power Requirements for Power States and Transitions Power States The values in these tables represent the typical power consumed b
19、y a communications interface in a device that can be networked. Additional power is required to support the functions of the device beyond network communications. Parasitic power may be noted in each cell. In general, power shown will be the incremental amount of power required to add network connec
20、tivity to a non-networked device. Power Requirements / Physical Layers and Power States The values in this table are the typical power consumed by communications interfaces for each physical (PHY) layer. 1394 (wired, daisy-chained) Ethernet (hub/spoke) Disconnect/Off 0 0 Local Standby 500uW 500uW Ne
21、twork Standby 31mW TBD Listen TBD TBD Active 700mW 500mW Power Requirements / Physical Layers for Network Topologies Network topology can affect power requirements. This subject is for further study. Topics include differentiation of daisy-chain and hub/spoke systems, devices with multiple network i
22、nterfaces, and distribution of functions across multiple types of networks. -18- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Transitions The cells in the table indicate possible transitions between power states. Some devices will not implement all state transitions. Four transition mechanisms (triggers)
23、 are possible: Switch on the device or on the wall Remote Control Unit Timer Network Command (NC) In the following table, each transition trigger is characterized as: L: Likely N: Not possible U: Unlikely Transition to: Transition from: Disconnect/ Off Local Standby Network Standby Listen Active Dis
24、connect/Off NA Switch (U) RCU (N) Timer (N) NC (N) Switch (U) RCU (N) Timer (N) NC (N) Switch (U) RCU (N) Timer (N) NC (N) Switch (L) RCU (N) Timer (N) NC (N) Local Standby Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (U) NC (U) NA Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (N) Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (N) Switch (L) RCU (
25、L) Timer (L) NC (N) -19- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Transition to: Transition from: Disconnect/ Off Local Standby Network Standby Listen Active Network Standby Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (U) NC (U) Switch (U) RCU (U) Timer (U) NC (U) NA Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (N) Switch (L) RCU (
26、L) Timer (L) NC (N) Listen Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (U) NC (U) Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) NA Switch (U) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) Active Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (U) NC (U) Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) Switch (L) RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) Switch (L)
27、RCU (L) Timer (L) NC (L) NA Device Functions The functions of various consumer electronics that operate on reduced power consumption in various power states are listed below. For each appliance, the Disconnect/Off-state implies zero power consumption. The intent of this table is to offer a checklist
28、 to designers who are adding network communications to formerly stand-alone devices. This checklist can help the designers develop a power budget for each power state of the communications interface. The column on Rendering contains text where a separate device provides audio, video, or some form of
29、 presentation. Note that implementations of other functions where “Rendering Required” is blank, may nevertheless need rendering. Related Network Function(s) implies that more than one device must be operating and consuming power. Some networks have more interconnects than is implied. Note that refe
30、rences in the table to video may include still images, such as a program guide. -20- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Common (if supported by device) Disconnect/Off Disconnect/Off Listen for remote contro
31、l Local May pass some remote control signals to other devices Listen for network control Listen Pass remote control signal, control tuner, playback Pass remote control signals Network Listen for network control Some or many devices on network assumed to be listeners Communi-cate to devices on sub-ne
32、twork or backbone network Active Routing -21- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Communi-cate to WAN (outside home) devices Active Gateway Answering Machine Idle Disconnect/Off Wait for call Listen Answer c
33、all Active Audio Playback call Active Audio User configura-tion Active Audio Announcement-message recording may be done via the network Cordless Phone Offline charging Disconnect/Off -22- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network F
34、unction(s) Notes Network charging Disconnect/Off (Some networks may require any state up to Active, depending on technology) See Appendix C Setup communi-cations between handset and base station Active Locate handset Listen Ring handset Listen Audio Video May include caller-ID display Place call fro
35、m handset Active Voice communi-cations in progress Active Speaker phone Active Audio -23- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Consumer Audio Consumer Audio includes a receiver and speakers. The receiver typi
36、cally contains a tuner, pre-amplifier, and power amplifier. The speakers may be powered from the receiver or self-powered from built-in power supplies. On with separately powered speakers Active Audio On Active Audio Accept user speaker configura-tion Active May include video feedback during setup o
37、r audio (pink noise) Includes disabling some speakers (2 channel only, no subwoofer) Operate network-attached speakers Active Network audio device See Appendix C -24- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Conf
38、igure network-attached speakers Active May include video feedback during setup or audio (pink noise) Audio routing setup Active May include video or audio Mixer or graphic equalizer functions Audio routing operation Active Audio devices DVD Player Recorder Also covers CD, playback part of DVHS or PV
39、R, etc. Load disk Active Display disk contents Active Video Playing Active Video Audio Recording Active Audio and video source on network -25- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Eject media Local Standby Se
40、t-top Boxes Receive program guide Listen Video Provide program guide Set-top box could simply provide guide or allow user to interact with guide Connect to Internet Active Connect to telephone Active Provide audio and video Active Audio Video Connect to TV tuner Active Back-channel communi-cations A
41、ctive Receive authoriza-tion updates Listen Can happen at any time on many systems -26- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Receive firmware updates Listen Program future events Active May involve turning on
42、 other devices Monitor external events Listen EAS, “all-hazard,” etc. TVs Consumer devices may also include STB functions above Display video Active Source on network Play audio Active Source on network Receive program guide Listen Video Source of guide data may be on the network May involve a resid
43、ential gateway, ATSC tuner, or other guide source Monitors Assume simple renderer -27- Issued January 2004 Copyright 2004, CEA Device Function Minimum Power State Rendering Required Related Network Function(s) Notes Display video Active May include still images, such as program guide Play audio Acti
44、ve VCR / DVR / PVR May include some STB functions and some DVD (playback) functions Setup timer Active Video Timer mode Local Waiting for timer to fire Control external tuner Active External tuner Send content (play) Active Video and audio Record Active (if tuner is integrated, could be Local, i.e., no network)
