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    CAN CSA-S500-2014 Thermosyphon foundations for buildings in permafrost regions (First Edition Update No 1 August 2014).pdf

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    CAN CSA-S500-2014 Thermosyphon foundations for buildings in permafrost regions (First Edition Update No 1 August 2014).pdf

    1、REVISED AUGUST 2014CAN/CSA-S500-14NationalStandard of Canada(approved August 2014)Thermosyphonfoundationsfor buildingsin permafrost regionsLegalNotice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approvedb

    2、y the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensusand develop a standard. Although CSA Group administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in achieving consensus,it doesnot independently tes

    3、t, evaluate, or verify the content of standards.Disclaimerand exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation,implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a

    4、 particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringementof any third partys intellectual property rights. CSA Group does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, or currency of any of the informationpublished in this document. CSA Group makes no representations or warranties regarding

    5、 this documents compliancewith any applicablestatute, rule, or regulation.IN NO EVENT SHALL CSA GROUP, ITS VOLUNTEERS, MEMBERS, SUBSIDIARIES, OR AFFILIATED COMPANIES, OR THEIR EMPLOYEES, DIRECTORS, OROFFICERS, BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSE

    6、S,HOWSOEVER CAUSED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST REVENUE,BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST OR DAMAGED DATA,OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSS,WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR ANY OTHER THEORY OFLIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FRO

    7、M ACCESS TO OR POSSESSION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF CSA GROUP HAS BEENADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, INJURY, LOSS, COSTS, OR EXPENSES.In publishing and making this document available, CSA Group is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of anyper

    8、son or entity or to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to another person or entity. The information in this document is directedto those who have the appropriate degree of experience to use and apply its contents, and CSA Group accepts no responsibility whatsoeverarising in any way from a

    9、ny and all use of or reliance on the information contained in this document.CSA Group is a private not-for-profit company that publishes voluntary standards and related documents. CSA Group has no power, nor does itundertake, to enforce compliancewith the contents of the standards or other documents

    10、 it publishes.Intellectualpropertyrights and ownershipAs between CSA Group and the users of this document (whether it be in printed or electronic form), CSA Group is the owner, or the authorizedlicensee,of all works contained herein that are protected by copyright, all trade-marks (except as otherwi

    11、se noted to the contrary), and allinventions and trade secrets that may be contained in this document, whether or not such inventions and trade secrets are protected by patentsand applications for patents. Without limitation, the unauthorized use, modification, copying, or disclosure of this documen

    12、t may violate lawsthat protect CSA Groups and/or others intellectual property and may give rise to a right in CSA Group and/or others to seek legal redress forsuch use, modification, copying, or disclosure. To the extent permitted by licence or by law, CSA Group reserves all intellectual property ri

    13、ghts inthis document.Patent rightsAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this standard may be the subject of patent rights. CSA Group shall not be heldresponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio

    14、n of the validity of any suchpatent rights is entirely their own responsibility.Authorizeduse of this documentThis document is being provided by CSA Group for informational and non-commercial use only. The user of this document is authorized to doonly the following:If this document is in electronic

    15、form: load this document onto a computer for the sole purpose of reviewing it; search and browse this document; and print this document if it is in PDF format.Limited copies of this document in print or paper form may be distributed only to persons who are authorized by CSA Group to have such copies

    16、,and only if this Legal Notice appears on each such copy.In addition, users may not and may not permit others to alter this document in any way or remove this Legal Notice from the attached standard; sell this document without authorization from CSA Group; or make an electronic copy of this document

    17、.If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not load or use this document or make anycopies of the contents hereof, and if you do make such copies, you are required to destroy them immediately. Use of this document constitutesyour acceptanceof th

    18、e terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Revision HistoryS50014,Thermosyphonfoundationsfor buildingsin permafrostregionsNationalStandard of Canada AUGUST 2014Outside front cover, National Standard of Canada text, title page, and preface.StandardsUpdateServiceCAN/CSA-S500-14June 2014Title: Thermos

    19、yphonfoundations for buildings in permafrost regionsTo register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication go to shop.csa.ca click on CSA Update ServiceThe List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2423122.If you require assistance, please e-mail te

    20、chsupportcsagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.Visit CSA Groups policy on privacy at csagroup.org/legalto find out how we protect your personalinformation.CanadianStandards Association (operating as “CSA Group”), underwhose auspicesthis National Standard has been produced, waschartered in 1919 and accre

    21、dited by the Standards Council of Canadato the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit,nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged instandards development and certification activities.CSA Group standards reflect a national consensus of producers andusers including manufa

    22、cturers, consumers, retailers, unions andprofessional organizations, and governmental agencies. Thestandards are used widely by industry and commerce and oftenadopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in theirregulations, particularlyin the fields of health, safety, building andconst

    23、ruction, and the environment.Individuals, companies, and associationsacross Canada indicate theirsupport for CSA Groups standards development by volunteeringtheir time and skills to Committee work and supporting CSA Groupsobjectivesthrough sustaining memberships. The more than 7000committee voluntee

    24、rs and the 2000 sustaining membershipstogether form CSA Groups total membership from which itsDirectors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a majorsource of income for CSA Groups standards development activities.CSA Group offers certification and testing servicesin support of andas an exten

    25、sion to its standards development activities. To ensurethe integrity of its certification process, CSA Group regularly andcontinually audits and inspects products that bear theCSA Group Mark.In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Toronto, CSAGroup has regional branch offices in maj

    26、or centres across Canadaand inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 1919,CSA Group has developed the necessaryexpertise to meet itscorporate mission: CSA Group is an independent service organizationwhose mission is to provide an open and effective forum foractivities facilitating t

    27、he exchange of goods and servicesthrough theuse of standards, certification and related servicesto meet nationaland international needs.For further information on CSA Group services,write toCSA Group5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaThe Standards Council of Canada (SCC)

    28、is the coordinating body ofthe Canadian standardization network, which is composed of peopleand organizations involved in the development, promotion andimplementation of standards. Through the collaborative efforts ofCanadian standardization network members, standardization ishelping to advance the

    29、social and economic well-being of Canada andto safeguard the health and safety of Canadians.The networksefforts are overseen by SCC.The principal objectives of SCC are to foster and promote voluntarystandardization as a means of advancing the national economy,supporting sustainable development, bene

    30、fiting the health, safetyand welfare of workers and the public, assisting and protecting theconsumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, andfurthering international cooperation in relation to standardization.An important facet of the Canadian standards development system isthe use of the

    31、 following principles: consensus; equal access andeffective participation by concerned interests; respect for diverseinterests and identification of those who should be afforded accessto provide the needed balance of interests; mechanismfor disputeresolution; openness and transparency; open access b

    32、y interestedparties to the procedures guiding the standards developmentprocess; clarity with respect to the processes; and Canadian interestconsideration as the initial basis for the development of standards.A National Standard of Canada (NSC) is a standard prepared orreviewed by an SCC-accredited S

    33、DO and approved by the SCCaccording to NSC approval requirements. Approval does not refer tothe technical content of the standard, as this remains theresponsibility of the SDO. An NSC reflects a consensus of a number ofcapable individuals whose collective interests provide, to the greatestpracticabl

    34、e extent, a balance of representation of general interests,producers, regulators, users (including consumers) and others withrelevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand.NSCs are intended to make a significant and timely contribution tothe Canadian interest.Those who have a need

    35、to apply standards are encouraged to useNSCs. These standards are subjectto periodic review. Users of NSCsare cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the SDO thatpublishes the standard.The responsibility for approving standards as NSCs rests withStandards Council of Canada270 Albert Street, Suit

    36、e 200Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7CanadaCette Norme Nationale du Canada est disponible en versions franaise et anglaise.Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remainsthe responsibility of theusers to judge its suitability for the

    37、ir particular purpose.TMA trade-mark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”ICS 91.120.99ISBN 978-1-77139-604-2 2014 CSA GroupAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever withoutthe prior permission of the publisher.Published in Jun

    38、e 2014 by CSA GroupA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caor call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.TMA trade-mar k of the Canadian S tan

    39、dards Association,operating as “CSA Group”Prepared byApproved byThermosyphonfoundationsforbuildings in permafrostregionsCAN/CSA-S500-14(approved August 2014)National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-S500-14 Thermosyphonfoundations for buildings in permafrost regionsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group1ContentsTechnica

    40、l Committee on Northern Built Infrastructure 4Working Group on Thermosyphon Foundations for New Buildings in Permafrost Regions 6Preface 71 Scope, objectives, and application 81.1 Scope 81.2 Objectives 81.3 Application 81.4 Exclusions 81.5 Terminology 92 Reference publications 93 Definitions 104 Per

    41、formance and service life requirements 124.1 General 124.2 Basic performance requirements 124.2.1 Maintaining the integrity of the permafrost foundation 124.2.2 Setting the design maximum subgrade temperature 124.3 Fundamental service life requirements 124.3.1 Extending the service life of the therm

    42、osyphon system 124.3.2 Ensuring consistency in the service life of all thermosyphon system components 125 Geotechnical site characterization 125.1 General 125.2 Requirement for a geotechnical site characterization 135.3 Requirements for a subsurface investigation 135.4 Phased approach to geotechnica

    43、l investigation 135.4.1 General 135.4.2 Information review 135.4.3 Site specific geotechnical investigation 145.4.4 Data analysis and reporting 146 System design 156.1 General 156.2 Assessing the applicability of a thermosyphon foundation for a certain site and building 156.2.1 Presence of permafros

    44、t 156.2.2 Presence of surface water 166.2.3 Stability of native subgrade soils 166.2.4 Ensuring suitability of sub-grade before construction 166.2.5 Staging of construction 166.2.6 Buildings with ventilated air spaces 166.2.7 Unheated structures 166.2.8 Constructability of the foundation system 17CA

    45、N/CSA-S500-14 Thermosyphonfoundations for buildings in permafrost regionsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group26.3 Thermal analysis and modelling 176.3.1 Requirement to undertake thermal analysis 176.3.2 Thermal analyses responsibility and documentation 176.3.3 Design criteria 176.3.4 Hybrid thermosyphon systems

    46、 186.4 Available analytical tools 196.4.1 Thermal analysis models 196.4.2 One- and two-dimensionalheat conduction simulation 196.4.3 Necessaryinput variables 196.4.4 Soil condition 196.4.5 Initial conditions 206.4.6 Boundary conditions 206.5 Derivation of climate parameters needed for thermal analys

    47、is 206.5.1 Key climatic parameters 206.5.2 Setting up a site-calibrated model and conducting analysis 206.5.3 Process to develop climate inputs 216.5.4 Calibration of ground thermal models to existing ground temperature data 226.5.5 Testing for extreme weather events 226.6 Design considerations for

    48、thermosyphon systems 226.6.1 General 226.6.2 Planning 226.6.3 Design documents 236.6.4 Project documentation 236.6.5 Evaporator layout 236.6.6 Pipes 236.6.7 Radiators 246.6.8 Granular pads 246.6.9 Excavation of a site 246.6.10 Use of gravel 256.6.11 Insulation 256.6.12 Grading 266.6.13 Reducing the

    49、potential for seepage 266.6.14 Ancillary design considerations 266.6.15 Use of sumps and underground utilities 266.6.17 Coordination with other ancillary elements of the building design 277 Construction, installation, and commissioning 277.1 Site preparation 277.2 System construction 277.2.1 Development of standard operating procedures 277.2.2 Welding recommendations and requirements 297.2.3 Record drawings recommendationsand requirements 298 Monitoring 298.1 Monitoring plan 298.2 Implementation and operation of the monitoring program 298.2.1 General 298.2.2 Moni


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