1、National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-1-01(ISO/IEC 7942-1:1994)International Standard ISO/IEC 7942-1:1994 (second edition, 1994-11-01), has been adopted withoutmodification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-1-01, which has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the Standards C
2、ouncil of Canada.ISBN 1-55324-389-7 March 2001Reference numberISO/IEC 7942-1:1994(E)The Canadian Standards Association, which The Standards Council of Canada is theoperates under the name CSA International coordinating body of the National Standards system, (CSA), under whose auspices this National
3、Standard has a federation of independent, autonomousbeen produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by organizations working towards the furtherthe Standards Council of Canada to the National development and improvement of voluntaryStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, standardizatio
4、n in the national interest.nonstatutory, voluntary membership association The principal objects of the Council are to foster engaged in standards development and certification and promote voluntary standardization as a means activities. of advancing the national economy, benefiting theCSA standards
5、reflect a national consensus of producers health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and users including manufacturers, consumers, and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic retailers, unions and professional organizations, and and international trade, and furthering internationalg
6、overnmental agencies. The standards are used widely cooperation in the field of standards.by industry and commerce and often adopted by A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichmunicipal, provincial, and federal governments in their has been approved by the Standards Council ofregulations, p
7、articularly in the fields of health, safety, Canada and one which reflects a reasonablebuilding and construction, and the environment. agreement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across Canada individuals whose collective interests provide to theindicate
8、their support for CSAs standards development greatest practicable extent a balance ofby volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee representation of producers, users, consumers, andwork and supporting the Associations objectives others with relevant interests, as may be appropriatethrough s
9、ustaining memberships. The more than 7000 to the subject in hand. It normally is a standardcommittee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining which is capable of making a significant and timelymemberships together form CSAs total membership contribution to the national interest.from which its Directors ar
10、e chosen. Sustaining Approval of a standard as a National Standard ofmemberships represent a major source of income for Canada indicates that a standard conforms to theCSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and
11、testing services Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to thein support of and as an extension to its standards technical content of the standard; this remains thedevelopment activities. To ensure the integrity of its continuing responsibility of the accreditedcertification process, the Associa
12、tion regularly and standards-development organization.continually audits and inspects products that bear the Those who have a need to apply standards areCSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex in whenever practicable. These standa
13、rds are subject Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in to obtain the latest edition from the organizationeight countries. Since 1919, the Association has preparing the standard.
14、developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate The responsibility for approving National Standards mission: CSA is an independent service organization of Canada rests with thewhose mission is to provide an open and effective forum Standards Council of Canadafor activities facilitating the e
15、xchange of goods and 270 Albert Street, Suite 200services through the use of standards, certification and Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7related services to meet national and international needs. CanadaFor further information on CSA services, write toCSA International178 Rexdale BoulevardToronto, Ontario,
16、M9W 1R3CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationInformation technology C
17、omputer graphics and image processing CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-1-01 Graphical Kernel System (GKS) Part 1: Functional descriptionMarch 2001 CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-1-01Information technology Computergraphics and image processing Graphical Kernel System (GKS) Part 1: Functional descriptionCSA PrefaceSta
18、ndards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internationalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 onInformation Techno
19、logy (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph andTelephone Consultative Co
20、mmittee (ITU-T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the StrategicSteering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (Acommittee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time,I
21、SO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approvaland publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update orcontact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approved, without modification, b
22、ythese Committees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council ofCanada.March 2001 CSA International 2001All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is repr
23、inted with permission. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada shouldbe addressed to CSA International, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 7942-1 Second edition 1994-11-01 Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Grap
24、hical Kerne1 System (GKS) - Part 1: Functional description Technologies de Iinformation - Infographie et traitement dimage - Systeme graphique GKS - Partie 1: Descrip tion fonctionnelle Reference nurnber lSO/IEC 7942-1 :1994(E) ISO/IEC 7942-1: 1994(E) Contents . Foreword Vlll Introduction ix 1 Scope
25、 . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions . 3 4 Conformance . 9 4.1 Specification 9 4.2 Registration . 9 5 Concepts 10 5s Bietures 10 5.2 Output primitive classes and attributes 10 5.3 Werkstations . 10 5.4 Coordinate Systems and transformations . 14 5.5 Logical Input devices . 14 56 Picture part
26、store 14 5:7 State lists . 14 5.8 Description tables 14 5. Metafiles and archives . 14 5. Routing to the backdrop 15 5.11 Audi% trail 15 512 Segments . 15 5,13 Compatibility with ISO 7942: 1985 . 15 51 SUl?lIlXil-y . 95 The Graphical Kerne1 System . 17 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 65 6.6 6,7 Initialization 17 Gr
27、aphical output 17 62.1 Output primitive classes 17 6.2.2 Output primitive attributes . 17 Normalkation transformations 19 Bicture part store 20 6AJ Bicture gart creation . 20 Picture part functions . 20 Adding picture parts 20 6.4*4 Pic ture part archiving . 20 The NDC gicture . 20 6.5.1 Introductio
28、n . 20 63.2 NIX picture operations . 21 653 NDC metafiles . 21 Sektion criterion 21 Graphical input 22 6.7s Introduction to logical input devices . 22 6.7.2 Logical input device model . 23 6.7.3 Operating modes of logical input devices . 2 4 6.7.4 Input queue and current event report . 25 0 ISO/IEC
29、1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case postale 56 l
30、CH- 1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii OISO/IEC ISO/IEC 7942=1:1994(E) 68 . Inquiry functions 26 69 6110 Error handling . 26 Special interfaces between GKS and the application prograrn . 2 6 6.11 Backdrap . 26 6.12 Audit and playback 27 7 Workstation dependent control 28 7.1 Intr
31、oduction . 28 7.2 Workstation characteristics . 28 7.3 Selecting a workstation 29 7.4 Selec tion criteria 29 75 . Viewing . 30 76 7:7 Workstation transformations . 30 Output primitives . 31 7.8 Colour . 32 79 7110 Setting representations . 33 Removing a backdrop 34 7.11 Visual effect state 34 7.12 R
32、ealized metafile . 34 7.13 Logical input devices . 34 7.13.1 Introduction . 34 7.13.2 Initialization of logical input devices 35 7.13.3 Definition of logical and composite input devices 3 5 7.14 Sending messages to a workstation . 35 8 Output primitives . 36 8.1 Introduc tion . 36 82 . Curve output
33、primitives . 36 8.2.1 Curve primitives 36 8.2.2 Curve attributes 37 8.3 Marker output primitives . 37 8.4 Area output primitives . 38 8.4.1 Area primitives 38 8.4.2 Definition of interior 38 8.4.3 Area attributes 38 8.5 Character output primitives . 40 8.5.1 Introduction . 40 8.5.2 Glyph specificati
34、on 41 8.5.3 Glyph size 42 8.5.4 Text extent . 42 8.5.5 Text skewing 43 8.5.6 Text alignment . 44 8.5.7 Text orientation 46 8.5.8 Transformed text 47 8.5.9 Precision 47 8.5.10 Estimate of text extent . 48 8.6 Image output primitives . 48 8.7 Design output primitives 49 8.7.1 Introduction . 49 8.7.2 S
35、 tencils . 50 8.7.3 S tencil attributes 52 8.7.4 S tencil composi tion . 53 8.7.5 Tiling store . 57 8.7.6 Stencil and tiling functions 59 . . . 111 ISO/IEC 7942-1: 1994(E) OISO/IEC 8.8 Generalized drawing primitive 59 9 Logical input device classes 60 9.1 Introduction . 60 92 9:3 Measures of each lo
36、gical input device class 60 Transformation of LOCATOR and STROKE input . . 61 9.3.1 Transformation of LOCATOR input . 61 9.3.2 Transformation of STROKE input 63 9.4 Prompt and echo types . 63 9.4.1 LOCATOR prompt and echo types . 63 9.4.2 STROKE prompt and echo types 64 9.4.3 VALUATOR prompt and ech
37、o types 64 9.4.4 CHOICE prompt and echo types . 65 9.4.5 PICK prompt and echo types . 65 9.4.6 STRING prompt and echo types . 66 10 Segments and workstation activation 67 10.1 Introduction . 67 10.2 Selection criteria 67 10.3 Segment state list . 68 10.4 Workstation activation . 68 10.5 Segment crea
38、tion . 68 10.6 Segment manipulation . 68 10.7 Segment attributes . 69 10.8 Segment storage . 69 10.9 Clear workstation . 69 11 Data types . 70 11.1 Data type definitions 70 11.1.1 Notational conventions 70 11.1.2 Basic types . 72 11.1.3 Data types for GKS control . 73 11.1.4 Data types for output pr
39、imitives 73 11.1.5 Data types for output attributes . 75 11.1.6 Data types for transformations 78 11.1.7 Data types for NDC picture . 79 11.1.8 Data types for metafiles . 79 11.1.9 Data types for picture parts and archives 7 9 11.1.10 Data types for Utility functions 80 11.1.11 Data types for Segmen
40、ts . 80 11.1.12 Data types for input . 81 11.1.13 Data types for workstation control 82 11.1.14 Data types for inquiry functions 83 11.1.15 Data types for operating state 83 11.1.16 Data types for font and glyph functions . .84 11.1.17 Data types for audit trails . 84 11.1.18 Data types for selectio
41、n criteria . 84 11.1.19 Data types for paths, tilings and stencils .85 11.2 Data type definitions for state lists and description tables .87 11.2.1 Introduction . 87 11.2.2 Operating state list (OSL) 87 11.2.3 GKS description table (GDT) 87 11.2.4 GKS state list (GSL) 87 11.2.5 Workstation state lis
42、t (WSL) . 88 11.2.6 Workstation description table (WDT) .88 iv OISO/IEC ISOIIEC 7942=1:1994(E) 11.2.7 Error state list (ESL) 90 11.2.8 Segment state list (SSL) . 90 11.2.9 Stencil state list (STSL) . 90 11.3 Initial values of state lists and description tables 90 11.3.1 Operating state list . 90 11.
43、3.2 GKS description table 90 11.3.3 GKS state list . 90 11.3.4 Workstation state list . 92 11.3.5 Generic workstation description table .92 11.3.6 Error state list . 92 11.3.7 Segment state list . 92 11.3.8 Stencil state list 92 12 Workstation independent functions . 93 12.1 Conti-01 functions . 93
44、12.2 Output functions 94 12.3 Design output functions . 95 12.4 Output attributes 97 12.5 Normalization transformation functions 98 12.6 NDC picture functions . 99 12.7 Metafile functions 100 12.8 Picture part store functions 100 12.9 Input functions . 103 12.10 Font and glyph functions . 104 12.11
45、Audit and playback functions 104 12.12 Inquiry functions 105 12.13 Utility functions . 107 12.14 Utility functions for output primitives . 107 13 Workstation functions . 109 13.1 Conti-01 functions . 109 13.2 Inquiry functions 112 13.3 Retrieval functions . 114 13.4 Viewing utility functions . 115 1
46、3.5 Colour Utility functions 115 14 Segment and workstation activation functions 116 14.1 Segment functions . 116 14.2 Workstation activation functions . 118 14.3 Utility func tions . 119 Annexes A Function and data type list . 120 A.1 Functions alphabetic 120 A.2 Functions Order of appearance . 122
47、 A.3 Data types alphabetic . 126 B Error list 128 B.1 Function error list 128 B.2 Error list ordered by error number . 138 C Language binding considerations 140 D Allowable differentes . 146 D.1 General . . 146 D.2 Global differentes . 146 D.3 Workstation dependent differentes . 146 E Colour models
48、. 149 F Bibliography . 150 V ISO/IEC 7942-1: 1994(E) OISO/IEC G An approach to compatibility with ISO 7942: 1985 . 151 G.1 Introduction . 151 G.2 Format . 151 G.2.1 Compatibility aspects . 151 G.2.2 Language binding 151 G.2.3 Notation used in this annex . 151 G.3 Data structures . 151 G.3.1 Introduc
49、tion . 151 G.3.2 Compatibility data types 152 G.3.3 Compatibility operating state list (COSL) .152 G.3.4 Compatibility GKS state list (CGSL) . .152 G.3.5 Compatibility workstation state list (CWSL) . .152 G.3.6 Compatibility Segment state list (CSSL) .153 G.4 Control functions . 153 G.4.1 OPEN GKS 153 G.4.2 OPEN WORKSTATION 153 G.4.3 CLOSE WORKSTATION 154 G.4.4 ACTIVATE WORKSTATION . 154 G.4.5 DEACTIVATE WORKSTATION . 155 G.4.6 CLEAR WORKSTATION 155 G.4.7 Deferral states 155 G.5 Output and attribute functions . 156 G.6 Transformation functions 156 G.6.1 SET VIEWPORT 15
