1、Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristicsP a r t 4 - 2 : N a n o - e n a b l e d e l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y s t o r a g e P h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f c a t h o d e n a n o m a t e r i a l s , d e n s i t ym e a s u r e m e n tPD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016BSI Standards Pub
2、licationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this c
3、ommittee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89475 6ICS 07.12
4、0Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TS 626
5、07-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2 Edition 1.0 2016-10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Physical characterization of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 07.120 ISBN 978
6、-2-8322-3697-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colourinsidePD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 2 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normativ
7、e references 7 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 8 4 Sample preparation methods . 8 4.1 Sieving . 8 4.2 Drying . 8 5 Test methods . 8 5.1 Compacted density . 8 5.1.1 General . 8 5.1.2 Apparatus 9 5.1.3 Measurement steps . 9 5.1.4 Data
8、 analysis / interpretation of results 9 5.1.5 Precision of the method . 10 5.2 Rolling density 10 5.2.1 General . 10 5.2.2 Apparatus 11 5.2.3 Measurement steps . 11 5.2.4 Data analysis / interpretation of results 11 5.2.5 Repeatability of the method . 12 6 Uncertainty 12 Annex A (informative) Case s
9、tudy 13 A.1 Sample preparation . 13 A.1.1 Schematic figures of die for measuring compacted density and rolling density . 13 A.1.2 Compacted density measurement results for LFP nanomaterial . 15 A.2 Rolling density sample preparation case study 17 A.2.1 Procedures of rolling density sample preparatio
10、n . 17 A.2.2 Rolling density measurement results for LFP nanomaterial 18 Bibliography 20 Figure 1 Appearance of die for compacted density measurement . 10 Figure 2 Appearance of die with compressor 10 Figure A.1 Three-dimensional schematic of die for compacted density measurement . 13 Figure A.2 Eng
11、ineering schematic of die for compacted density measurement . 14 Figure A.3 Schematic of rolling machine for rolling density measurement. 15 Figure A.4 Results consistency of sample A in Table A.1 . 16 Figure A.5 Results consistency of sample B in Table A.2 . 17 Figure A.6 Procedures of rolling dens
12、ity sample preparation 18 Figure A.7 Results consistency of sample C in Table A.3 . 19 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 3 Table A.1 Measurement method consistency and measurement results of sample A 15 Table A.2 Measurement method consistency and measurement results of sample B
13、 16 Table A.3 Measurement method consistency and measurement results of sample C 19 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 4 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Physical characteri
14、zation of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operati
15、on on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “I
16、EC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this prepara
17、tion. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consens
18、us of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are
19、 made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications tra
20、nsparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent
21、 certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liabili
22、ty shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (includi
23、ng legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of th
24、is publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Stand
25、ards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, fo
26、r any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC TS 62607-4-2, which is a Tec
27、hnical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 113/
28、289/DTS 113/328/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62607 series, pub
29、lished under the general title Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to
30、 the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International Standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of
31、 this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 6 IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION Compared with normal bulk ma
32、terials, nanomaterials often exhibit many unique properties, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, optical and electrochemical properties. Decreasing particle size of the cathode materials, e.g. lithium iron phosphate (LFP), down to nanoscale greatly enhances their electrochemical performance. For
33、example, smaller particle size will shorten the diffusion length of lithium ion during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation process. Higher surface area will increase the electrode/electrolyte contact area, and subsequently improve the high current charge/discharge rates. Furthermore, the particle
34、 surfaces may introduce a sub-gap, which can smooth the electrode discharge curve, then help to prolong the cycling life of the electrode. Density is one of the key control characteristics for cathode nanomaterials and affects the performance of electronic energy storage devices significantly. At an
35、 appropriate density, the electrochemical performance, such as low-temperature and high-temperature charge/discharge, and the ratio of charge/discharge capability, will be dramatically increased. Among different densities, changing the compacted density of cathode nanomaterials to a suitable value c
36、an increase their charge capacity, decrease the internal resistance, lower the polarization effect, increase cycling life of electrical energy storage devices, and improve the usability of electrical energy storage devices. It is important to find the optimum compacted density for the electronic ene
37、rgy storage device design. If the compacted density is too large or too small, the intercalation and de-intercalation of ions will be affected. In general, compacted density is in a positive correlation to the devices specific capacity, and is considered as one of the key parameters for material ene
38、rgy density. Rolling density affects the electrochemical performance characteristics of cathode nanomaterials in a similar way. Rolling density indicates the ratio of the mass of coating slurry compound to its volume. Rolling density is a valuable quantity not only for evaluating the volumetric ener
39、gy density, but also for selecting a cathode nanomaterial candidate for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (also known as HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (also known as EVs). Both of these two types of properties need to be considered in the density assessment of a nano-enabled electrical energy storage device. C
40、omparable results will be used to judge the consistence of cathode nanomaterials, which relates to performance and safety issues. Therefore, a standardized density measurement procedure for cathode nanomaterials becomes indispensable to its users for comparing the values of nanomaterials from differ
41、ent suppliers. This standardized method is intended for use in comparing the characteristics of cathode nanomaterials in the study stage, not for evaluating the electrode in end-products. The method is applicable to materials exhibiting function or performance only possible with nanotechnology, inte
42、ntionally added to the active materials to measurably and significantly change the characteristics of electrical energy storage devices. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016IEC TS 62607-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 7 NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-2: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Physical ch
43、aracterization of cathode nanomaterials, density measurement 1 Scope This part of IEC 62607, which is a Technical Specification, provides a standardized method for the determination of the density of cathode nanomaterials in powder form used for electrical energy storage devices. This method provide
44、s users with a key control characteristic to decide whether or not a cathode nanomaterial is usable, or suitable for their application. This document includes definitions of terminology used in this document, recommendations for sample preparation, outlines of the experimental procedures used to mea
45、sure cathode nanomaterial properties, methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis, case studies, and references. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this docume
46、nt. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For
47、 the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: ava
48、ilable at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1.1 cathode nanomaterial material used as a cathode in a nano-enabled energy storage device which contains a fraction of nanomaterial and exhibits function or performance made possible only with the application of nanotechnology PD IEC/TS 62607-4-2:2016 8 IEC TS 626
49、07-4-2:2016 IEC 2016 Note 1 to entry: The cathode is a multilayered foil consisting of (1) an aluminium current collector, (2) an optional adhesion promoting carbon layer (to enhance cathode layer adhesion if necessary) and (3) the cathode layer. This cathode layer consists of the active phase (e.g. lithium containing mixed oxides or phosphate, such as LFP), a conducting phase (carbon black) and an organic binder (PVDF). 3.1.2 compacted den
