1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015Systems and softwareengineering Engineeringand management of websitesfor systems, software, andservices informationBS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC/IEEE23026:2015.
2、It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 23026:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/15, Software and systems engineering.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
3、rt to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 90645 9ICS 35.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Thi
4、s British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015Reference numberISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)ISO/IEC 2015IEEE 2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC/IEEE23026Firs
5、t edition2015-05-15Systems and software engineering Engineering and management of websites for systems, software, and services information Ingnierie des systmes et du logiciel Ingnierie et gestion de sites web pour les systmes, logiciels et services dinformation BS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEE
6、E 23026:2015(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloa
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9、 please inform the ISO Central Secretariat or IEEE at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015 IEEE 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includi
10、ng photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from ISO, IEC or IEEE at the respective address below. ISO copyright office IEC Central Office Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Case postale 56 3, rue de Varemb 3 Park Avenue, New York CH-1211 Geneva 20 CH-1211 Genev
11、a 20 NY 10016-5997, USA Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Switzerland E-mail stds.iprieee.org Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail inmailiec.ch Web www.ieee.org E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iec.ch Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved IEEE 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC/IE
12、EE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved IEEE 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 2 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Abbreviated terms . 5 6 Planning websites for systems, software, and services documentation 6 6.1
13、Defining the purpose, users, and context of the website . 6 6.2 Establishing the informational website design strategy . 6 6.3 Developing a strategy for website lifecycle management 8 7 Designing websites for systems, software, and services documentation 9 7.1 Information architecture . 9 7.1.1 Info
14、rmation structure of a website 9 7.1.2 Shared resources 10 7.1.3 Website home page . 10 7.1.4 Identifying the website and its owner . 11 7.1.5 Page title and header 11 7.2 Site index and search 12 7.2.1 Search filtering 13 7.2.2 Keywords . 13 7.2.3 Metadata for indexing . 13 7.2.4 Flushing search en
15、gines 13 7.2.5 Robot exclusion . 13 7.3 Site navigation . 15 7.3.1 Links . 16 7.3.2 Offsite warning 16 7.3.3 Usage tracking and cookies . 17 7.3.4 Frames 17 7.4 Website content . 17 7.4.1 Intellectual property rights . 18 7.4.2 Time-sensitive content 18 7.5 Presentation of information on websites 20
16、 7.5.1 Consistency . 20 7.5.2 Presentation of text . 20 7.5.3 Graphic images 20 7.5.4 Animations, 3D, sound, video 21 7.5.5 Use of color in websites . 21 7.5.6 Interactivity 22 7.5.7 Collaboration and user generated content . 22 7.5.8 Energy and environmental conservation 22 7.6 Security 22 7.6.1 Au
17、thentication . 24 7.6.2 Authorization . 25 7.6.3 Cookies . 25 7.6.4 Digital signatures 25 7.6.5 Single sign-on 25 7.6.6 Data encryption . 25 7.6.7 Security measures and metrics . 26 7.6.8 Continuous monitoring and risk assessment 26 7.7 Privacy 26 BS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
18、 iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved IEEE 2015 All rights reserved7.7.1 Notice 27 7.7.2 Choice .28 7.7.3 Onward transfer (transfers to third parties) 28 7.7.4 Access 28 7.7.5 Security .28 7.7.6 Data integrity 28 7.7.7 Enforcement .28 7.7.8 Reporting 28 7.8 Accessibility .29 7.9 Translation and local
19、ization .30 7.9.1 Browser language selection .31 7.9.2 Icon use 32 7.9.3 Holidays and time zones .32 7.9.4 Place of origin 32 7.9.5 Hemisphericals 32 7.9.6 Units: metric, monetary .32 7.9.7 Regulations 32 7.9.8 Contact Information .33 8 Website platform engineering 33 8.1 Selecting technical formats
20、 and standards to use for the website 33 8.1.1 HTML versions .34 8.1.2 Cascading style sheets .34 8.1.3 Bandwidth efficiencies 35 8.1.4 Document type declaration .35 8.1.5 Description meta-tag .35 8.1.6 XML considerations .35 8.1.7 Image formats and compression .36 8.2 Server technology independence
21、 36 8.3 Scripting and executable considerations .36 8.3.1 Scripting languages.36 8.3.2 JavaScript .37 8.3.3 Java .37 8.4 Database management system considerations .37 9 Evaluation and testing of websites 38 9.1 Evaluating site usability 38 9.2 Testing websites before release 39 9.3 Validation of mar
22、kup language and accessibility conformance .39 9.3.1 Active links .40 9.3.2 Dead links .40 10 Site management and sustainment .40 10.1 Website life-cycle management .40 10.2 Planning for site management and sustainment 40 10.3 Providing user support .41 10.4 Maintenance procedures and methods .41 10
23、.4.1 Backups 42 10.4.2 Content changes 42 10.4.3 Site or page relocation 43 10.4.4 Redirection .43 10.4.5 Versioning 44 10.5 Archiving 44 Bibliography 45 BS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved IEEE 2015 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the Internation
24、al Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by
25、 the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of
26、 information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards th
27、rough a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the
28、IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules g
29、iven in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of ISO/IEC JTC 1 is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75
30、 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights i
31、n connection therewith. ISO/IEEE is not responsible for identifying essential patents or patent claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of patents or patent claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in conne
32、ction with submission of a Letter of Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infr
33、ingement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE Standards Association. ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering, in c
34、ooperation with the Systems and Software Engineering Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, under the Partner Standards Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE. This first edition of ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026 replaces and supersedes ISO/IEC 23026:2006, which was the a
35、doption of IEEE Std 2001 (TM)-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Internet Website Engineering, Website Management, and Website Life Cycle. The IEEE contributed IEEE Std 2001-2002 as a source for this standard. BS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E) vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reser
36、ved IEEE 2015 All rights reservedIntroduction The increase in use of the World Wide Web for every type of communication, and the accelerating development of new technical protocols, products, and services, for website development and hosting, have both simplified and complicated the engineering and
37、management of websites. Because of the ready availability of commercial website providers, it has become simpler for information and communications technology (ICT) enterprises of all sizes to launch websites to present technical information. The growth in global communities of interest in software,
38、 systems, and services has expanded the creation of information from many sources. To a large extent, use of digital communications, particularly those accessible through the Internet or Intranets, has supplanted printed publications for conveying technical information. This trend applies to systems
39、 and user documentation as well as to service management and operational plans, policies, and procedures. Other factors have also affected the design and operation of websites since the original publication of ISO/IEC 23026IEEE Std 2001-2002, a source for this International Standard. The prevalence
40、of automated search engines to locate technical information results in new considerations for website design. The increasing sophistication of information security threats to technical enterprises and their information, as well as concerns for the privacy of Internet users, have markedly complicated
41、 the process of delivering ICT information over the Web. This revision of ISO/IEC 23026 therefore has increased emphasis on information security and privacy concerns. The diversity of websites for commercial marketing and social networking purposes reflects different interests and media choices from
42、 those websites that deliver ICT reference information. This revision of ISO/IEC 23026 applies primarily to websites whose purpose is to deliver information about ICT systems, software, and services. It includes increased emphasis on the human factors concerns for making information easily retrievab
43、le and usable for the intended audience. It recommends practices for websites based on World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and related industry guidelines, which have changed significantly since the original version of this International Standard. With rapid changes in technology, users may seek current
44、 technical guidance to fulfill the intent of this International Standard. It continues to address the entire life cycle of website strategy, design, and ongoing sustainment that are the responsibility of the website owner. BS ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights
45、reserved IEEE 2015 All rights reserved 1Systems and software engineering Engineering and management of websites for systems, software, and services information 1 Scope This International Standard defines system engineering and management requirements for the life cycle of websites including strategy
46、, design, engineering, testing and validation, and management and sustainment for Intranet and Extranet environments. This International Standard applies to those using web technology to present information and communications technology (ICT) information, such as user documentation for systems and s
47、oftware, life-cycle documentation for systems and software engineering projects, and documentation of policies, plans, and procedures for IT service management. This International Standard provides requirements for website owners and website providers, managers responsible for establishing guideline
48、s for website development and operations, for software developers and operations and maintenance staff who may be external or internal to the website owners organization. It applies to websites for public access and for limited access, such as for users, customers, and subscribers seeking informatio
49、n on IT products and services. The goal of this International Standard is to improve the usability of informational websites and ease of maintenance of managed Web operations in terms of: a) locating relevant and timely information, b) applying information security management, c) facilitating ease of use, d) providing for consistent and efficient development and maintenance practices. This International Standard is not intended for websites used primarily for marketing or sales, or to deliver instructional material,
