1、Petroleum and related products Temperature and pressure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard reference conditionsBS ISO 91:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Petroleum and related products Temperature and pre
2、ssure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard reference conditionsPtrole et produits connexes Facteurs de correction de volume par rapport la temprature et la pression (tables de mesure du ptrole) et conditions de rfrence standardINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO91First edition
3、2017-05Reference numberISO 91:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 91:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 5024:1999, BS 7340:1999 (dual numbered as ISO 9770:1989) and BS 6441:1993 (dual numbered as ISO 91-1:1992), which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its prepar
4、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/12, Petroleum Measurement and Sampling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i
5、ts correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 85353 1ICS 75.180.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a
6、nd Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 91:2017 ISO 2017Petroleum and related products Temperature and pressure volume correction factors (petroleum measurement tables) and standard reference conditionsPtrole et pro
7、duits connexes Facteurs de correction de volume par rapport la temprature et la pression (tables de mesure du ptrole) et conditions de rfrence standardINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO91First edition2017-05Reference numberISO 91:2017(E)BS ISO 91:2017ISO 91:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PRO
8、TECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without pri
9、or written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 91:
10、2017ISO 91:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoc
11、opying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749
12、01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 91:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions . 24 Sources and usage guidelines for volume correction factors 24.1 Source of volume correction factors . 24.2 Usage guidelines 3Annex A (informative
13、) Changes to previous standards . 5Annex B (normative) Standard reference conditions . 7Annex C (informative) Titles of petroleum measurement tables given in the API-ASTM-IP-GPA standards for volume correction factors. 8Annex D (informative) Other volume corrections factors standards 14Bibliography
14、.15 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 91:2017ISO 91:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
15、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
16、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria
17、needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
18、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name
19、 used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to
20、the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement of petroleum and related pro
21、ducts.This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 91-1:1992, ISO 91-2:1991, ISO 9770:1989, and ISO 5024:1999, which have been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 91:2017ISO 91:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of n
22、ational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inter
23、national organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those inte
24、nded for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www
25、 .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the documen
26、t will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the
27、 meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared
28、by Technical committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement of petroleum and related products.This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 91-1:1992, ISO 91-2:1991, ISO 9770:1989, and ISO 5024:1999, which have been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights res
29、erved ISO 91:2017(E)IntroductionCustody transfer of crude petroleum and its products are generally transacted in volumetric quantities. Since crude oils and petroleum products have relatively high coefficients of thermal expansion and compressibility, volumes are corrected to standard conditions of
30、temperature and pressure in order to provide a meaningful and consistent basis for measurement. The definition of standard reference conditions is therefore of fundamental importance in measurement, calculation and accounting of petroleum quantities.Volume correction factors are used to account for
31、the thermal expansion of liquid hydrocarbons and convert observed volumes to volumes at standard temperature and pressure. Tables of volume correction factors were originally developed by collecting empirical data relating to the volumetric change of hydrocarbons over a range of temperatures and pre
32、ssures. Cooperative international work on volume correction factors dates from 1932. The temperature volume correction factor tables (petroleum measurement tables) referenced in ISO Recommendation (R) 91:19591were developed during the late 1940s and published jointly by the American Society of Testi
33、ng Materials (ASTM) in 1952 and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) (metric edition) in 19539. These tables corrected to standard temperatures of 15 C and 60 F only, and were based on data for crude petroleum and petroleum fractions published in 1916 by the (United States) National Bureau of Standards (
34、NBS) and some later data on natural gasoline reported in 1942. These 1952 tables were referenced in API/Standard 2540-196610(also designated ASTM D1250-56). A few amendments to ISO/R 91 resulted in the publication of a second edition in 19702. ISO/R 91:1970/Amd 1:19753was published in 1975 for table
35、s based on a reference temperature of 20 C.In the early 1970s, it was demonstrated that the previously published tables were not satisfactorily applicable to many crude oils of current economic importance. A revised standard was published in 1980 by the American Petroleum Institute as the API Manual
36、 of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 11.1 (also designated API/Standard 2540, ASTM D1250-80 and IP 200/80) following the development of a new database by API in cooperation with the US NBS. This study included the examination of 463 samples of crude oil and refined products. The crude
37、oil samples represented 67 % of world production in 1974. The 1980 standard also constituted a major conceptual departure from previous versions in the recognition of the use of computers in the petroleum industry. The actual standard represented by API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80
38、 was neither the hardcopy printed tables nor the set of equations used to represent the density data, but was an explicit implementation procedure used to develop computer subroutines. The standardization of an implementation procedure implied the standardization of the set of mathematical expressio
39、ns, including calculational sequence and round-off procedures, used within the computer code. Adherence to the procedures given in API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80 was an attempt to ensure that all computers and computer codes meeting the stated specifications and restrictions woul
40、d be able to produce identical results. Hence, the published implementation procedures were the primary standard, the distributed subroutines the secondary standard, and the published tables produced for convenience.API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980/ASTM D1250-80/IP 200/80 was referenced in ISO 91-1:19824.
41、 Corrections to the 1980 standard were listed in ISO 91-1:19925.Computer implementation procedures developed by the IP for corrections to 20 C were published in 1988. These implementation procedures were prepared as standard procedures to enable users to produce their own computer programmes either
42、for the generation of 20 C tables or for use in calculations without the generation of tables. IP Petroleum Measurement Paper No. 38was referenced in ISO 91-2:19916, superseding Addendum 1:1975 to ISO/R 91.Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in the 0 to 100 API gravity range were developed in 1
43、945 and published in 1960 as API/Standard 110112, Appendix B, Table II. This table was superseded by API MPMS Chapters 11.2.113and 11.2.1M14published in 1984. API MPMS Chapter 11.2.1M-1984 was adopted by ISO/TC 28 and published as ISO 9770:198913.Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in the 0,500
44、 to 0,611 relative density range and 20 F to 128 F were published in 1984 as API MPMS Chapter 11.2.215. A second edition of API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 91:2017ISO 91:2017(E)was published in 1986 with an expanded relative density range of 0,350 to 0,637. A metric vers
45、ion of this standard (350 kg/m3to 637 kg/m3range) was also published in 1986 as API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2M.Unlike the 1980 temperature correction factor tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980), the compressibility table values given in API MPMS Chapters 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 were the standard, not the impleme
46、ntation procedure for the underlying equations.In 2004, a revision to API MPMS Chapter 11.1 (also designated as an adjunct to ASTM D1250-04 and IP 200/04) was published and established procedures for generalized crude oils, liquid refined products, lubricating oils and individual and special applica
47、tions, by which volume measurements taken at any temperature and pressure (within the range of the standard) can be corrected to an equivalent volume at 15 C, 60 F or 20 C (or other reference temperature) and standard pressure, by use of a correction factor for temperature and pressure of the liquid
48、 (CTPL). API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to ASTM D1250-04/Adjunct to IP 200/04 superseded API MPMS Chapters 11.1-1980, 11.2.1-1984 and 11.2.1M-1984.In 2007, Addendum 1 to API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to ASTM D1250-04/Adjunct to IP 200/04 was published in order to include some minor updates
49、to the standard.Previously, most natural gas liquid (NGL) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) temperature correction factors were obtained from a variety of sources. ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables, 19529, as referenced in ISO/R 91:19704. This publication is limited to a 60 F relative density range of 0,500 and higher. GPA Standard 2142, published in 195716. GPA Technical Publication TP-16, published in 198817. It is limited to the following products: HD 5 propane with rela
