1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 24253-2:2015Crop protection equipment Spray deposition test for fieldcropPart 2: Measurement in a cropBS ISO 24253-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 24253-2:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was e
2、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee AGE/15, Equipment for crop protection and application of liquid fertilizer.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users a
3、re responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77663 2 ICS 65.060.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of t
4、he Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d ISO 2015Crop protection equipment Spray deposition test for field crop Part 2: Measurement in a cropMatriel de protection des cultures Essais de dpt de la pulvrisati
5、on sur les grandes cultures Partie 2: Mesurage dans une cultureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 24253-2First edition 2015-03-15Reference number ISO 24253-2:2015(E)BS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise
6、specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
7、or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative refe
8、rences 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test method . 14.1 Principle 14.2 Test area 24.3 Monitoring of meteorological conditions 24.4 Acceptable meteorological conditions for field measurement of spray deposition 24.5 Tracers 34.6 Collectors . 34.7 Spray liquid 35 Test procedure 45.1 General . 45.2 Sam
9、pling spray deposition on the canopy 75.2.1 Spray flux on top of crop canopy 75.2.2 Inside canopy 85.3 Sampling spray deposition to the ground underneath canopy . 95.4 Drop distribution/spray coverage (optional) 96 Test report . 96.1 Data related to the spraying system . 96.1.1 Sprayer working condi
10、tion . 96.1.2 Sprayer boom .106.1.3 Nozzles and liquid distribution 106.1.4 Air flow distribution (for air-assisted sprayers) .106.2 Data related to the field 116.3 Data related to the crop 116.4 Data related to the spray liquid . 117 Expression of results .11Annex A (informative) Examples of collec
11、tors for canopy and ground measurements .13Annex B (informative) Fluorimetry and deposition calculation 14Annex C (informative) Reference collector system .16Annex D (informative) Specifying air assistance on boom sprayers 18Annex E (informative) Calculations and expression of the spray distribution
12、 results .19Bibliography .21 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards i
13、s normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take par
14、t in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particul
15、ar the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
16、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.i
17、so.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the
18、WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 6, Equipment for crop protection.ISO 24253 consists of the
19、 following parts, under the general title Crop protection equipment Spray deposition test for field crop: Part 1: Measurement in a horizontal plane Part 2: Measurement in a cropiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(E)IntroductionEfficacy of plant protection products (PPP
20、), their safety to the crop and the environment may be much influenced by spraying efficiency. The dose of the active ingredient and its variation that is retained on target surfaces in a downward directed (boom) spray application such as ground surface need to be measured in a manner that is both a
21、ccurate and precise.The location, numbers, and sampling structures used to monitor sprayed depositions need to be defined in a standard manner to enable results from different experiments to be compared.A test can be set up to quantify or to describe the in-field situation or for machine comparison.
22、A spray system can be compared with a reference system.This International Standard does not deal with the deposition of spray outside the treatment zone, in crop canopy nor that lost as airborne spray drift. However, the combination of this part of ISO 24253 with the protocol for field measurements
23、of spray drift as given in ISO 228664when measured at the same time may result in a possible evaluation of spray mass balance. On the other hand, its combination with the measuring of sprayer boom movements in the field (see ISO 141312) can also be used to evaluate the spray deposition and its varia
24、tion in the field as a result of the boom movement.Spray deposition from horizontal boom sprayers with downward directed application is affected by nozzle parameters, boom height, boom steadiness, sprayer speed, meteorological conditions, and other sprayer additional devices such as air assistance.
25、These dynamic factors can all be elements of a test to determine the quantity and the variation in spray deposition. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 24253-2:2015BS ISO 24253-2:2015Crop protection equipment Spray deposition test for field crop Part 2: Measurement in a crop1 ScopeThis part of ISO
26、 24253 specifies a method for field measurements to determine the quantity and distribution of spray in a field crop, treated by horizontal boom sprayers with downward directed application. This International Standard can be used for nursery trees and small size bush crops (young currants) when spra
27、yed with boom sprayers.NOTE When interested in the spray deposition over width of the crop canopy, it is advised to use ISO 22522.This part of ISO 24253 allows flexibility in the arrangement of field tests, but specifies standardized measurement procedures that are useful to be able to compare the r
28、esults from different field experiments or to compare with laboratory tests, such as that specified in ISO 5682-2.This International Standard is not intended for use in or for a regulatory framework.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thi
29、s document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 24253-1, Crop protection equipment Spray deposition tests for field crop Part 1: Me
30、asurement in a horizontal plane3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 24253-1 apply.4 Test method4.1 PrincipleA spray deposition test comprises the measurement of spray deposition immediately available on all the target surfaces, on the top o
31、f such planting structures, at designated points within, and on the ground underneath the vegetation (crop or weed), represented by collectors. This spray deposition measurement can utilize a dye or other readily measurable tracer to simulate a plant protection product.Spray depositions are assessed
32、 quantitatively (such as spray volume in l/cm2) and/or qualitatively (such as spray drop distribution, drops/cm2, coverage, median drop size). The variation in spray deposition is quantified.Spray deposition values used to quantify mean deposition and deposition variation of the spray liquid applied
33、 by the tested sprayer to quantify degree of penetration within, and over plant structures (crop canopy) are assessed using spray deposition collectors artificial collector (see Annex A) or plant material, e.g. leaf, ear, fruit at different heights.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24253-2:2015(E) ISO 2015
34、 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(E)4.2 Test areaThe test shall be performed in a uniformly developed area of a cropped zone. There shall be a minimum distance of 1,5 m between the sampling place and the edge of the cropped zone. Since there are influences from boom movement
35、(boom ends) and other disturbances such as, air turbulences around the tractor, and the sprayer (centre of the machine), measurements shall be taken on both sides of the sprayer and at different distances along the spray boom (see 5.3).The length of the test area shall ensure the output of the inten
36、ded spray volume over the sampling area. The test area shall therefore have a track length before and after the sampling area assuring that the sprayer has reached even intended output flow considering sprayer size and forward speed.NOTE With rate control in manual mode, a minimum track length of 10
37、 m is suggested for travelling speeds of up to 2 m/s and 20 m for travelling speeds up to 4 m/s. With the rate controller in automatic mode, the track length has to be adapted also considering the system reaction time.Details of the spraying and sampling layout shall be fully reported with the test
38、results.In identifying the place of the test area, take notice of surrounding vegetation on the wind profile. The test area should be at least 10 times the height of the vegetation away from the surrounding vegetation or constructions.Details of the test area and surroundings shall be specified in t
39、he test report (Figure 1).4.3 Monitoring of meteorological conditionsMonitoring of the meteorological conditions shall be made at the time and the place of the test. The maximum error of measurements shall be as follows: for wind speed: 0,1 m/s for wind speed up to and including 1 m/s and 0,2 m/s fo
40、r wind speed over 1 m/s; for temperature: 0,5 C, recorded in the shade; for humidity: 5 % of the relative humidity.Measurements shall be made at (2 0,1) m height above ground surface or at (1 0,1) m above crop canopy when crop canopy is higher than 1 m. Measurements of wind (direction and velocity)
41、shall be made at a frequency of at least 1 Hz (every 1 s) sampling rate.The instruments should be calibrated prior to their use according to instrument instructions.4.4 Acceptable meteorological conditions for field measurement of spray depositionAverage wind speed during spraying shall not be highe
42、r than local recommendation or practice and preferably below 2 m/s, at the measuring height specified in 4.3. The wind speed shall be stable during the test (the standard deviation shall not exceed 1 m/s).For wind speeds above 2 m/s, the wind direction should be within 30 of the mean wind direction.
43、Temperature shall be between 5 C and 35 C.Temperature inversions affect deposition measurements and need to be reported (preferably by using of 3D anemometer alternatively by cloud cover or measurements of temperature at two heights).2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 24253-2:2015ISO 24253-2:2015(
44、E)4.5 TracersTracers shall be safe for their intended use. See the environmental and operator safety data sheets for the suitability for this purpose.NOTE 1 Local Pesticide Regulatory Bodies ought to be able to comment on the use of suitable candidate products and their restrictions for this purpose
45、.NOTE 2 Spray deposition measurement on plant material is influenced by the outside structure (hairiness, waxy layer, etc.) or the penetration of the spray liquid into the plant tissue.The tracers shall be stable in field conditions and with a good recovery (at least 90 %; preferably 95 %) from all
46、kind of collectors (see Annex A and 4.6) used in the test.NOTE 3 For further information on sunlight stability of fluorescent tracers, see Herbst, 2006 and Stallinga et al., 2012.45Examples of usable tracers are the following: metal ions (recommended for several applications on the same target); foo
47、d dyes: tartrazine (E102); fluorescent dyes: brilliant sulfo flavine; sodium fluorescein.4.6 CollectorsCollectors are used to sample spray deposition on ground surface. The recovery of the sprayed tracer from the collectors shall be determined prior to the experiment.The artificial collectors used s
48、hall provide for a good recovery (at least 90 %; preferably 95 %). Examples of artificial collectors which can be used are given in Annex A. How to quantify tracer recovery from the collector is described in Annex B.Background emission from the artificial collectors is to be determined (see Annex B)
49、. The average reading of the blank artificial collectors should not be higher than 0,1 % of the average reading of the sprayed collectors. Accuracy of the measuring device, artificial collector types, and background emission from artificial collectors shall be recorded and chosen to obtain a coefficient of variation of the background emission lower than 10 % (of at least 10 collectors; see Annex B). This can be determined by analysing with the procedure (diluting volume, shaking time, fluorimeter settings) 10 cle
