1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17091:2013Workplace air Determinationof lithium hydroxide, sodiumhydroxide, potassiumhydroxide and calciumdihydroxide Method bymeasurement of correspondingcations by suppressed ionchromatographyBS ISO 17091:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard i
2、s the UK implementation of ISO 17091:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/2, Work place atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the n
3、ecessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77732 5ICS 13.040.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard w
4、as published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 17091:2013 ISO 2013Workplace air Determination of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium dihydroxide Method by
5、 measurement of corresponding cations by suppressed ion chromatographyAir des lieux de travail Dtermination de la teneur en hydroxyde de lithium, hydroxyde de sodium, hydroxyde de potassium et dihydroxyde de calcium Mthode par mesurage des cations correspondants par chromatographie ioniqueINTERNATIO
6、NAL STANDARDISO17091First edition2013-09-15Reference numberISO 17091:2013(E)BS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in an
7、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale
8、 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 23.1 Gen
9、eral definitions 23.2 Particle size fraction definitions 33.3 Sampling definitions 33.4 Analytical definitions . 43.5 Statistical terms 64 Principle 75 Requirement . 76 Reagents 87 Apparatus . 97.1 Sampling equipment 97.2 Laboratory apparatus 108 Occupational exposure assessment .118.1 General 118.2
10、 Personal sampling . 118.3 Static sampling . 128.4 Selection of measurement conditions and measurement pattern 129 Sampling .139.1 Preliminary considerations . 139.2 Preparation for sampling 159.3 Sampling position 159.4 Collection of samples 169.5 Transportation .1610 Analysis .1610.1 Preparation o
11、f test and calibration solutions 1710.2 Instrumental analysis . 1710.3 Estimation of detection and quantification limits .1810.4 Quality control 1910.5 Measurement uncertainty 2011 Expression of results .2112 Method performance 2112.1 Sampling efficiency and sample storage 2112.2 Quantification limi
12、t 2112.3 Upper limits of the working range 2112.4 Bias and precision . 2212.5 Uncertainty of sampling and analysis method .2212.6 Interferences 2213 Test report 2213.1 Test record . 2213.2 Laboratory report 23Annex A (informative) Temperature and pressure correction 24Annex B (normative) Filter mate
13、rials 25Annex C (informative) Sampler wall deposits 26BS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBibliography .27BS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
14、 bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
15、 and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
16、 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is d
17、rawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or o
18、n the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assess
19、ment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres. ISO 2013 All r
20、ights reserved vBS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)IntroductionThe health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium dihydroxide. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to d
21、etermine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This International Standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for lithium hydroxide, sodium hydro
22、xide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium dihydroxide in use in industry. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium
23、 hydroxide, and calcium dihydroxide and their workers; etc.It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its provisions and the interpretation of the results obtained are entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.vi ISO 2013 All rights res
24、ervedBS ISO 17091:2013Workplace air Determination of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium dihydroxide Method by measurement of corresponding cations by suppressed ion chromatography1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the time
25、-weighted average mass concentration of lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium dihydroxide Ca(OH)2 in workplace air by collection of the particulate hydroxides on a filter and analysis of the corresponding cations using ion chromatography.For aeroso
26、l sampling, the method is applicable to the personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling.The method is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,005 mg to at least 2,5 mg of lithium per sample and 0,01 mg to at least 5
27、mg of sodium, potassium, and calcium per sample.The concentration range of particulate LiOH, NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2in air for which the measuring procedure is applicable is determined by the sampling method selected by the user. For a 1 m3air sample, the working range is approximately 0,002 mg m3to
28、at least 20 mg m3for all four hydroxides. For a 30 l air sample, the lower limit of the working range is approximately 0,1 mg m3for all four hydroxides.The procedure does not allow differentiation between the hydroxides and their corresponding salts if both are present in the air. If the cations are
29、 present alone in the form of hydroxides, the method is specific for these basic compounds. In other circumstances, the results obtained represent the highest concentration of the hydroxides that could be present in the sampled air. (See 12.6.)2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole
30、or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark vo
31、lumetric flasksISO 7708:1995, Air quality Particle size fraction definitions for health-related samplingISO 8655-1, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 1: Terminology, general requirements and user recommendationsISO 8655-2, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 2: Piston pipettesISO 8655-
32、6, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 6: Gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement errorISO 13137:1), Workplace atmospheres Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents Requirements and test methodsEN 13205-1, Workplace atmospheres Assessment of performance of
33、instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations Part 1: General requirements1) To be published.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17091:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and de
34、finitions apply.3.1 General definitions3.1.1breathing zonespace around the workers face from which breath is taken SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.5, modified3.1.2breathing zonehemisphere (generally accepted to be 0,3 m in radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joi
35、ning the ears; the base of the hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head, and the larynxNote 1 to entry: The definition is not applicable when respiratory protective equipment is used.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.5, modified3.1.3chemical agentany chemical element or compound, on its
36、own or admixed, as it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used, or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC, Art. 2(a)3.1.4exposure (by inhalation)situation in
37、which a chemical agent is present in the air that is inhaled by a person SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.1, modified3.1.5occupational exposure limit valuelimit valuelimit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing zone of a worker in relation to a
38、 specified reference period SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC, Art. 2(d)EXAMPLE Threshold limit values(TLVs) established by the ACGIH,15indicative occupational exposure limit values (IOELVs) promulgated by the European Commission,16and national limit values. Information on national limit values is
39、available from the International Labour Organization (ILO)17and on the GESTIS database.183.1.6measuring proceduremeasurement procedureset of operations, described specifically, used for the sampling and analysis of chemical agents in airNote 1 to entry: A measuring procedure for the sampling and ana
40、lysis of chemical agents in air usually includes the following steps: preparation for sampling, sampling, transportation and storage, preparation of samples for analysis, and analysis.SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, modified2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)3.1.7operatin
41、g timeperiod during which the pump can be operated at a specified flow rate and pressure drop without recharging or replacing the batterySOURCE: ISO 13137:, 3.123.1.8reference periodspecified period of time for which the occupational exposure limit value of a chemical agent appliesNote 1 to entry: T
42、he reference period is usually 8 h for long-term measurements and 15 min for short-term measurements.Note 2 to entry: Examples for different reference periods are short-term and long-term limit values, such as those established by the ACGIH.15SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.4.7, modified3.1.9workplacedesign
43、ated area or areas in which the work activities are carried out SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 2.5.23.2 Particle size fraction definitions3.2.1inhalable conventiontarget specification for sampling instruments when the inhalable fraction is of interestSOURCE: ISO 7708:19953.2.2inhalable fractionmass fraction
44、of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouthNote 1 to entry: The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of air movement, on breathing rate, and other factors.SOURCE: ISO 7708:19953.2.3total airborne particlesall particles surrounded by air in a given volume
45、of airNote 1 to entry: Because all measuring instruments are size-selective to some extent, it is often impossible to measure the total airborne particles concentration.SOURCE: ISO 7708:19953.3 Sampling definitions3.3.1air samplerdevice for separating chemical agents from the surrounding airNote 1 t
46、o entry: Air samplers are generally designed for a particular purpose, e.g. for sampling gases and vapours or for sampling airborne particles.SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 3.2.1, modified ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17091:2013ISO 17091:2013(E)3.3.2personal samplersampler, attached to a person, that
47、 collects gases, vapours, or airborne particles in the breathing zone to determine exposure to chemical agents SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 3.2.23.3.3personal samplingprocess of sampling carried out using a personal sampler SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 3.3.33.3.4static samplerarea samplersampler, not attached to
48、a person, that collects gases, vapours, or airborne particles at a particular locationSOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 3.2.33.3.5static samplingarea samplingprocess of air sampling carried out in a particular location SOURCE: EN 1540:2011, 3.3.43.4 Analytical definitions3.4.1analysisall operations carried out
49、after sample preparation to determine the amount or concentration of the analyte(s) of interest present in the sample SOURCE: EN 14902:2005, 3.1.1, modified3.4.2blank solutionsolution prepared by taking a reagent blank, laboratory blank, or field blank through the same procedure used for sample dissolution3.4.3calibration blank solutioncalibration solution prepared without the addition of any working standard solutionNote 1 to entry: The concentrations of Li, Na, K an
