1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16861:2015Petroleum products Fuels(class F) Specifications ofdimethyl ether (DME)BS ISO 16861:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16861:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommi
2、ttee PTI/7, Lubricants and process fluids.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards I
3、nstitution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 77426 3ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.Am
4、endments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16861:2015 ISO 2015Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Specifications of dimethyl ether (DME)Produits ptroliers Combustibles (classe F) Spcifications du dimthylther (DME)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16861First edition2015-05-15Reference numberISO
5、16861:2015(E)BS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
6、 mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
7、, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Components and test methods 14 Sampling method . 25 Test methods . 25.1 DME purity . 25.2 Methanol . 35.3 Water . 35.4 Hydr
8、ocarbons (up to C4) 35.5 Carbon dioxide 35.6 Carbon monoxide 35.7 Methyl formate 35.8 Ethyl methyl ether 35.9 Evaporation residues . 35.10 Total sulfur 3Annex A (informative) Physical properties of DME . 4Bibliography 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)F
9、orewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tec
10、hnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o
11、f electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document
12、 was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such p
13、atent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does no
14、t constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
15、The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 4, Classifications and specifications.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)IntroductionAccording to its physical properties, dimethyl ether (DME) can be used as fu
16、el. It is comparable to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) so it can be used as heating fuel, either mixed with LPG or in its pure form. DME also has very good auto-ignition qualities which makes it a replacement fuel for diesel.The energy efficiency chain is a key issue for choosing DME, which has a bet
17、ter life cycle CO2balance than most of the other alternative fuels. DME is a commodity which can be made from various raw materials, including natural gas, coal, black liquor, biomass, and wastes.As some national standards have been already issued, it seems important to create an international DME s
18、pecification standard in order to unify the requirements at an international commercial level and to ease the international development of DME as fuels.This International Standard focuses on DME as heating fuel for industrial boilers and for households for cooking and heating, and as alternative to
19、diesel for vehicles. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16861:2015BS ISO 16861:2015Petroleum products Fuels (class F) Specifications of dimethyl ether (DME)WARNING The handling and use of products as specified in this International Standard can be hazardous if suitable precautions are not observed
20、. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety and health considerations that can be associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regu
21、latory limitations prior to use.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the characteristics of DME used as fuel of which the main component is the dimethyl ether synthesized from any organic raw materials.This International Standard is applicable for DME used as heating fuel, industrial fuel, a
22、nd to replace diesel fuel or gas oil. It does not deal with the possible additives necessary for specific end-use applications, for example, odorant typically added to heating fuel and lubricity improvers for DME used as replacement of diesel. Such additives are typically specified for the different
23、 end-use applications, at an appropriate level national, regional, or international.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
24、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 17196:2014, Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels Determination of impurities Gas chromatographic methodISO 17197:2014, Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels Determination of water content Karl Fischer titration
25、methodISO 17198:2014, Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels Determination of total sulfur, ultraviolet fluorescence methodISO 17786:2015, Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels Determination of high temperature (105C) evaporation residues Mass analysis methodISO 29945, Refrigerated non-petroleum-based liquefied ga
26、seous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Method of manual sampling onshore terminals3 Components and test methodsThe DME for fuel specified shall conform to the detailed requirements shown in Table 1.NOTE A more specific overview of the general physical properties of DME is given in Annex A. These properties
27、 might be of importance to the end-user, but do not form part of the trade specification as in this International Standard.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16861:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)Table 1 DME specifications (before addition of additives)Property Units
28、LimitTest methodsDME purity mass % 98,5 min 5.1Methanol mass % 0,050 max 5.2Water mass % 0,030 max 5.3Hydrocarbons (up to C4) mass % 1,00 max 5.4Carbon dioxide (CO2) mass % 0,10 max 5.5Carbon monoxide (CO) mass % 0,010 max 5.6Methyl formate mass % 0,050 max 5.7Ethyl methyl ether mass % 0,20 max 5.8E
29、vaporation residues mass % 0,007 0 max 5.9Tot al sulphur mg/kg 3,0 max 5.104 Sampling methodA representative sample subject to the analyses shall be obtained in accordance with the procedure instructed in ISO 29945.5 Test methods5.1 DME purityThe purity of DME should be calculated using Formula (1).
30、PXXXXXXX XX= + +()100 104MeOH HO HC CO CO MF EMEERS22(1)whereP is the DME purity (mass %);XMeOHis the methanol concentration measured by 5.2 (mass %);XHO2is the water concentration measured by 5.3 (mass %);XHCis the hydrocarbons (up to C4) concentration measured by 5.4 (mass %);XCO2is the CO2concent
31、ration measured by 5.5 (mass %);XCOis the CO concentration measured by 5.6 (mass %);XMFis the methyl formate concentration measured by 5.7 (mass %);XEMEis the ethyl methyl ether concentration measured by 5.8 (mass %);XERis the evaporation residues concentration measured by 5.9 (mass %);XSis the tota
32、l sulfur concentration measured by 5.10 (mg/kg).2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)5.2 MethanolThe methanol shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17196:2014.5.3 WaterThe water shall be tested by ISO 17197:2014.5.4 Hydrocarbons (up to C4)The hydrocarbons (up to C4) shall
33、 be tested in accordance with ISO 17196:2014.5.5 Carbon dioxideThe carbon dioxide shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17196:2014.5.6 Carbon monoxideThe carbon monoxide shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17196:2014.5.7 Methyl formateThe methyl formate shall be tested in accordance with ISO 171
34、96:2014.5.8 Ethyl methyl etherThe ethyl methyl ether shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17196:2014.5.9 Evaporation residuesThe evaporation residues shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17786:2015.5.10 Total sulfurThe total sulfur shall be tested in accordance with ISO 17198:2014. ISO 2015 All
35、rights reserved 3BS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)Annex A (informative) Physical properties of DMEA.1 GeneralTable A.1Property Methane Propane DME Butane Methanol Diesel oilChemical formula CH4C3H8CH3OCH3C4H10CH3OH Boiling point (C)161,5 42,0 24,8 0,5 64,7 180 to 360Liquid density (kg/m3)415 (164 C
36、)582 (42 C)670 (20 C)600 (0,75 C)786,6 (25 C)800 to 840Gas specific gravity (via air) 0,554 1,523 1,588 2,007 1,106 Saturated vapour pressure (MPa, 20 C)0,0053 (86,3 C)0,912 0,53 0,210 0,013 Ignition point (C)540 450 350 405 385 250Explosion limit (vol. %)5 to 15 2,1 to 9,5 3,4 to 27 1,8 to 8,4 6,7
37、to 36 0,6 to 7,5Cetane number 5 55 10 3 40 to 55Net calorific value liquid (MJ/kg)50,2 46,5 28,9 48 20,1 43,1Net calorific value gas (MJ/Nm3)35,9 91 59,3 118 NOTE Liquid density is not a parameter from which purity of DME is confirmed. However, measurement practice of density at loading and discharg
38、ing ports are intended to be uniformed to avoid quantitative difference between two ports to be caused by different measurement practices.The density of DME at a given temperature can be estimated using Formula (A.1)3. = A/B1+(1 T/C)D (A.1)where is the density (kg/m3);A is 55,6001;B is 0,236704;C is
39、 401,406;D is 0,243367;T is the temperature (K).4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 16861:2015ISO 16861:2015(E)Bibliography1 Handbook DME, 71.080.60Price based on 5 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related
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