1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16625:2013Cranes and hoists Selectionof wire ropes, drums andsheavesBS ISO 16625:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16625:2013. Itsupersedes BS ISO 4308-1:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prep
2、aration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3/1, Crane design.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication.
3、 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74468 6ICS 53.020.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
4、1 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16625:2013 ISO 2013Cranes and hoists Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheavesAppareils de levage charge suspendue Choix des cbles, tambours et pouliesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16625First edition2013-07-01Reference numberISO 166
5、25:2013(E)BS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoc
6、opying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-
7、mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Group classification of the mechanism as a whole . 15 Selection of rope . 25.1 Type a
8、nd construction 25.2 Design factor, Zp.25.3 Minimum breaking force 35.4 Diameter . 46 Drums and sheaves 46.1 Sheave material 46.2 Calculation of minimum drum and sheave diameters 57 Exceptional conditions . 78 Care and maintenance, inspection and discard . 7Annex A (normative) Applicable cranes and
9、hoists 8Annex B (informative) Other rope-related design and rope selection aspects 9Bibliography .21BS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Int
10、ernational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison w
11、ith ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directive
12、s, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e
13、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations rece
14、ived. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 3, Selection of wire ropes.This first edition of ISO 16625 cancels
15、 and replaces ISO 4308-1:2003, ISO 4308-2:1988 and ISO 8087:1985, of which it constitutes a technical revision.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16625:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16625:2013(E)Cranes and hoists Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves1 ScopeThis International Standard specif
16、ies the minimum practical design factors, Zp, for the various classifications of mechanism, rope types, rope duties and types of spooling and demonstrates how these are used in the determination of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope.It specifies the selection factors for drums and sheaves f
17、or the various classifications of mechanisms, rope types and rope duties and how these are used in the determination of the minimum practical diameters of drums and sheaves that work in association with the selected wire rope.A list of types of cranes and hoists to which this standard applies is giv
18、en in Annex A.Annex B gives factors, additional to those mentioned above, which might need consideration when selecting the wire rope and associated equipment.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its
19、 application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minimum requirementsISO 4301-1:1986, Cranes and lifting appliances Classificati
20、on Part 1: GeneralISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: GeneralISO 4309, Cranes Wire ropes Care and maintenance, inspection and discardISO 10425, Steel wire ropes for the petroleum and natural gas industries Minimum requirements and terms of acceptanceISO 17893, Steel wire ropes Vocabulary, designat
21、ion and classification3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1 and ISO 17893 apply.NOTE 1 In this document, “single-layer ropes” and “parallel-closed ropes”, as defined in ISO 17893, are referred to as “standard ropes” to distinguish the
22、m from “rotation-resistant ropes”.NOTE 2 Single-layer ropes and parallel-closed ropes are also sometimes referred to as “non-rotation-resistant ropes”.4 Group classification of the mechanism as a wholeThe resulting classification of mechanism (M4, M5, etc.) shall be taken into account when establish
23、ing the minimum design factor and the minimum drum and sheave sizes. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)The group classification of the mechanism as a whole takes account of the state of loading (light, moderate, heavy, etc.) and the class of utilization of the mechanism
24、 (based on total duration of use) as a whole, as detailed in ISO 4301-1.NOTE Other parts of ISO 4301 (such as ISO 4301-2, covering mobile cranes) specify the classification of a particular type of crane and related crane mechanisms taking account of the rope duty (hoisting, luffing, etc.) and crane
25、operating conditions.5 Selection of rope5.1 Type and constructionThe wire rope selected shall conform to either ISO 2408 or ISO 10425, according to the application and/or duty.5.2 Design factor, ZpThe minimum design factor shall be specified in accordance with Tables 1, 2 or 3, as applicable, taking
26、 into account the classification of mechanism and the rope duty or rope hoist and, in the case of stationary ropes, the crane classification.NOTE The design factors listed in the tables are based on long experience in the field.Table 1 Minimum design factors for all cranes and hoists except mobile c
27、ranesGroup clas-sification of mechanism in accordance with ISO 4301-1:1986HoistingBoom hoisting or luffingSingle-layer spooling Multi-layer spoolingStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeM1M2M3M4M5M6M7M83,153,353,554,04,55,67,19,03
28、,153,353,554,04,55,67,19,03,553,553,554,04,55,63,553,553,554,04,55,63,553,553,554,04,55,67,19,04,54,54,54,54,55,62 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)Table 2 Minimum design factors for mobile cranesGroup clas-sification of mechanism in accordance with ISO 4301-1:1986Runnin
29、g ropeHoistingBoom hoistingTelescopingWorking ErectingStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeStandard ropeRotation-resistant ropeM1M2M3M4M5M63,553,553,554,04,55,64,54,54,54,54,55,63,353,353,353,353,353,354,54,54,54,54,55,63,053,053,053,054,54,54,54,53,153,353,353,35T
30、able 3 Stationary working rope and erecting ropeCrane classificationAll cranesStationary ropes Erection ropesA1 3,0 2,73A2 3,0 2,73A3 3,0 2,73A4 3,5 2,73A5 4,0 2,73A6 4,5 A7 5,0 A8 5,0 5.3 Minimum breaking forceThe minimum breaking force of the rope, Fmin, shall be calculated using Formula (1):Fmin
31、S Zp(1)where, for hoisting ropes, S is the maximum rope tension, in kN, obtained by taking into account rated working load of the appliance, mass of the sheave block and/or other lifting attachments, mechanical advantage of reeving, efficiency of reeving (e.g. bearing efficiency), and the increase i
32、n force in the rope caused by the rope inclination at the upper extreme position of the hook, if the inclination with respect to the drum axis exceeds 22,5;or, for stationary ropes, S is the maximum rope tension, in kN, obtained by taking account of both the static and dynamic forces;and where Zpis
33、the minimum design factor. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)For values of Zp, see 5.2. Alternatively, in circumstances when rotation-resistant ropes are used for hoisting and the mass of the sheave block and other lifting attachments and the efficiency of the reeving a
34、re not required to be taken into account, the design factor shall be at least 5.In the case of appliances with grabs, where the mass of the load is not always equally distributed between the closing ropes and the holding ropes during the whole of cycle, the value of S to be applied shall be determin
35、ed as follows.a) If the hoist mechanism automatically ensures an equal division of the hoisted load between the closing and holding ropes, and any difference between the loads carried by the ropes is limited to a short period at the end of the closing or the beginning of the opening:1) for closing r
36、opes, S = 66 % of the mass of the loaded grab divided by the number of closing ropes;2) for holding ropes, S = 66 % of the mass of the loaded grab divided by the number of holding ropes.b) If the hoist mechanism does not automatically ensure an equal division of load between the closing ropes and th
37、e holding ropes during the hoisting motion and, in practice, almost all the load is applied to the closing ropes:1) for closing ropes, S = total mass of the loaded grab divided by the number of closing ropes;2) for holding ropes, S = 66 % of the total mass of the loaded grab divided by the number of
38、 holding ropes.NOTE For the more common wire rope classes and constructions and, where applicable, rope grade, minimum breaking force factors given in ISO 2408 and ISO 10425 enable the minimum breaking force value to be calculated for a given nominal rope diameter. It should be noted, however, that
39、the minimum breaking force factor used by the rope manufacturer can be greater than that given in the above-mentioned International Standards, resulting in higher minimum breaking force values being specified.5.4 DiameterIn the process of selecting a wire rope to satisfy the minimum breaking force r
40、equirement as given in 5.3, the situation can arise where, for practical reasons (e.g. availability, preferred sizes), the minimum breaking force exceeds the required minimum value, leading to a higher design factor than the minimum quoted in 5.2. In such cases, the selected nominal wire rope diamet
41、er, d, is to be used when calculating the diameter of sheaves and drums; see 6.2.NOTE The nominal diameter of a given rope type, construction or class, minimum breaking force and, where applicable, grade, is established by the rope manufacturer.6 Drums and sheaves6.1 Sheave materialThe manufacturer
42、shall take account of the type of spooling when selecting the sheave material or sheave groove lining material.Single-layer spoolingWhere spooling at the drum is single-layer, the choice of sheave material can be critical, as deterioration of the wire rope is most likely to be through bending fatigu
43、e particularly if the fleet angle is not excessive.If all of the sheaves are made of a polymer material or have a polymer groove lining, there is a possibility of internal fatigue damage going largely unnoticed in service unless discard criteria and/or the frequency between inspections is/are signif
44、icantly modified from that given in ISO 4309 and closely followed. Such an arrangement should generally be avoided; see B.3.1 for recommendation.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)If the fleet angle is higher than recommended, then the most severe deterioration experienc
45、ed in the reeving system can be in the form of increased wear/abrasion and scrubbing damage occurring between wraps on the drum as a result of higher-than-normal transverse loading at the extremity of travel.Multi-layer spoolingWhere spooling at the drum is multi-layer, it can be expected that deter
46、ioration of the wire rope will be at its greatest at those sections that coincide with the crossover zones at the drum rather than at those sections that simply run through sheaves. In such cases, polymer sheaves or sheaves having a polymer groove lining, as well as steel sheaves, may be used, provi
47、ded other properties, such as limiting radial pressures, are not exceeded for the selected material.6.2 Calculation of minimum drum and sheave diametersThe minimum pitch circle diameter of drums and sheaves for “hoisting” ropes shall be calculated using Formulae (2) or (3).NOTE Any increase in pitch
48、 circle diameter from the calculated values will enhance the bending fatigue resistance of the rope.D1 h1 t d (2)orD2 h2 t d (3)whereD1is the minimum pitch circle diameter of the drum;D2is the minimum pitch circle diameter of the sheave;d is the nominal diameter of the selected rope;h1is the selecti
49、on factor for the drum (ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the drum to the nomi-nal diameter of the rope) in accordance with Tables 4 and 5;h2is the selection factor for the sheave (ratio of the pitch circle diameter of the sheave to the nominal diameter of the rope);t is the rope type factor in accordance with Table 6. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 16625:2013ISO 16625:2013(E)Table 4 Selection factors h1, h2and h3 Hoisting and boom hoisting/luffing ropes Cranes and hoists othe
