1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58test method and detection device specification ICS 43.060.20Road vehicles Detection of exhaust syst
2、em leaks Helium BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 16247:2004BS ISO 16247:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 January 2006 BSI 30 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47234 5The British Standards which implement international publications referred t
3、o in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
4、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 8
5、, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-ref
6、erencesenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16247:2004 and implements it as the UK national standa
7、rd.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/22, Engines for road vehicles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO16247First edition2004-10-
8、15Reference numberISO 16247:2004(E)Road vehicles Detection of exhaust system leaks Helium test method and detection device specificationVhicules routiers Dtection des fuites du dispositif dchappement Mthode dessai lhlium et spcification du dispositif de dtectionBS ISO 16247:2004iiiiiForewordISO (the
9、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
10、has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical s
11、tandardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies fo
12、r voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
13、uch patent rights.ISO 16247 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Enginetests.BS ISO 16247:2004ivblank1Road vehicles Detection of exhaust system leaks Helium test method and detection device specification1ScopeThis International Standard specifies a helium
14、test method for detecting and localizing gas leaks in the exhaustsystems of road vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine, in order to improve the quality ofexhaust gas measurements. In doing so, it completes the requirements of ISO 3929, applicable regulations and,depending on the leak
15、rate to be detected, ISO 13556. The method is particularly applicable for use inautomotive workshops, by end-of-line of automotive and exhaust parts manufacturers, in laboratories prior toexhaust emission tests, and in testing and diagnosis stations.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced doc
16、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 3929, Road vehicles Measurement methods for exhaust gas emissions during ins
17、pection ormaintenance3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 exhaust systemall parts between the joint face of the cylinder head(s) and the outlet pipe(s)3.2 leakoutward exhaust gas flow or inward air flow which can affect the exhaust e
18、missions measurement result3.3 tracer gasgas used for detecting leaksNOTE The method specified by this International Standard uses helium as the tracer gas.3.4 detection devicedevice designed to detect low concentrations of specified tracer gas and so facilitate the location of leaks3.5 pressurisati
19、on devicedevice used to keep the exhaust system at the pre-determined pressure3.6 restriction and calibration devicedevice designed to increase the pressure in the exhaust line, in order to facilitate the detection and localizationof leaks, and to gauge the exhaust line involving tracer gas introduc
20、ed by a plugged outletBS ISO 16247:200423.7 detection timetime needed to obtain a signal useful for the operator which indicates a leak equivalent to a diameterhole with the engine running at idle speed and helium (He) in the exhaust gas flow4 Apparatus4.1 Equipment for auditive detectionThis shall
21、consist of the following.4.1.1 Pressurization device, comprising the following (see Figure 1).4.1.1.1 Supply of clean, dry, oil-free and compressed air, capable of maintaining the pressure given in5.2 b).4.1.1.2 Adjustable pressure regulator, with a limit of )1).4.1.1.3 Manometer, suitable and havin
22、g an accuracy of .4.1.1.4 Flexible, leak-proof connecting device, used to connect the pressurization device to the exhaustoutlet, and adaptable to external or internal exhaust outlet tubing.For exhaust systems with multiple outlets, each outlet shall be pressurized and tested separately. Outlets not
23、pressurized shall be plugged.Key1air2 pressure regulator3 manometer4 flexible connecting device5 exhaust outletFigure 1 Pressurization device1) ; 0,1 mm2%40 kPa(= 0,4 bar1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105Pa 1 MPa = 1 N/mm22%BS ISO 16247:200434.2 Equipment for helium detectionThis shall consist of the following.4
24、.2.1 Tracer gas injection device, comprising the following (see Figure 2).4.2.1.1 Industrial helium gas bottle, with gas flow-rate adjusting device.4.2.1.2 Gas injection pipe, to be connected to the engine air intake.4.2.2 Connecting device for connecting the restriction and calibration device (4.2.
25、3), adaptable to external orinternal exhaust outlet tubing, and sufficiently flexible and leak-proof.4.2.3 Restriction and calibration device, its restriction part being used to add ( ) pressurein the exhaust line, in order to make all leaks from the exhaust line positive compared to the initial sta
26、te andrender the detection more convenient, and its calibration part constituted by a diameter calibrated hole foradjusting the helium concentration needed during the leak check.NOTE Generally, in order to obtain a pressure increase of ( ), it is sufficient to reduce the exhaust outletsection to wit
27、h a section reducer.See Figure 3.Key1 gas bottle2 flow-rate adjusting device3 gas injection pipe4 engine air intakeFigure 2 Helium injection device3 kPa = 0,03 bar1mm3 kPa = 0,03 bar15 mmBS ISO 16247:200444.2.4 Detection device, having the following characteristics and requirements. All components o
28、f its gas handling system shall be made of corrosion-resistant material, the materialemployed for the line shall not retain helium, and the material of the sampling probe shall withstand theexhaust gas temperature ( ) and shall be rigid. It shall have both a handheld display and an audio leak indica
29、tor. The sampling line tube length shall be at least . The sampling probe (see Figure 4) shall guarantee the accessibility to any area around the exhaust system. The sampled gas flow shall be filtered to remove any water and dust. The equipment shall provide a warning message to the operator when th
30、e sampled flow is insufficient. There shall be a ( by volume)2)helium (He) mark on the display (see Figure 5). The detection device shall have1) a detection time ,2) sensitivity only to helium,3) a capacity to detect a calibrated leak of diameter under optimal detection conditions, with theengine ru
31、nning at the idle speed and ( by volume) helium in the exhaust gasflow,Dimensions in millimetresKey1 exhaust outlet2 flexible connecting device3 diameter calibrated hole4 sampling line5 restriction device6 gas outletaTo the helium detector.Figure 3 Restriction and calibration device2) “Parts per mil
32、lion (ppm)” is a deprecated unit, i.e. not accepted by the International System of Units, SI. It is usedexceptionally in this International Standard, in parentheses, immediately following the SI unit of equivalent value in order tocorrespond to other, closely related and already published, standards
33、. The accepted SI form for the expression of a volumefraction is in units of microlitres per litre (l/l), or, alternatively, as or as a percentage volume fraction (% volumefraction). See ISO 31-0:1992, 2.3.3, and ISO 31-8:1992.1mm200C6m20 000 l/l = 20 000 ppm106lessorequalslant 5s1mm20 000 l/l = 20
34、000 ppmBS ISO 16247:200454) a constant flow chosen to obtain the maximum reading sensitivity, and5) when using a car running at idle speed or an equivalent gas generator, under optimal measurementconditions, the conventional calibration curve given in Figure 6, using a pipe with calibrated leaks of,
35、 , , and . The detection device shall operate under the following conditions:1) power supply appropriated to local standards and the users needs;2) ambient temperature of to ;3) relative ambient humidity of max;4) ambient pressure of to .Dimensions in millimetresaDimensions and external shapes are f
36、ree choice.Figure 4 Sampling probeKeyleak diameter, in mm1 () markFigure 5 Display scheme0,1 mm 0,2 mm 0,5 mm 0,8 mm 1 mm5C40C90 %860 hPa 1 060 hPad20 000 l/l = 20 000 ppmBS ISO 16247:200465 Test method5.1 GeneralThe search for leaks is made in two main steps. Step 1: engine stopped auditive detecti
37、on exhaust line pressurized. Step 2: engine running at idling speed hot exhaust system detection using helium tracer gas.5.2 Procedure Step 1The aim of this procedure is to detect major exhaust system leaks, corresponding to holes to diameter and greater, in preparation for Step 2. It may be perform
38、ed with the exhaust system hot, or cold andpressurized. a) Install the pressurization device at the exhaust outlet as shown in Figure 1.b) Pressurize the exhaust system to ( ).c) Detect and localize the leak; listen for the whistling which proves the presence of leak. The operator may beaided by the
39、 feeling of the air jet on his hand.d) Repair the leak on the defective part(s) according to the vehicle manufacturers instructions.e) After repair, check again that there are no audible leaks.f) Remove the pressurization device.g) Before proceeding to Step 2, warm up the vehicle in accordance with
40、either the manufacturers instructionsor ISO 3929. X hole diameter, mmY helium l/l (ppm)Figure 6 Apparatus calibration data1,5 mm 2 mm0,4 kPa 0,05 kPa = 0,4 bar 0,05 barBS ISO 16247:200475.3 Procedure Step 2The aim of this procedure is to detect exhaust systems leaks corresponding to up to a diameter
41、 hole,using helium tracer gas.a) Install the equipment in accordance with Figure 7.b) Check that the detection device is prepared for detecting leaks following the manufacturers instructions.c) Install the restriction and calibration device in accordance with Figure 3 at the exhaust line outlet, wit
42、h thesampling probe over the diameter hole.d) Install the helium tracer gas injector device at the engine air inlet in accordance with Figure 2.e) Slowly adjust the helium while the engine is running at idling speed, so that the display device is aligned atthe ( by volume) He indicator mark (see Fig
43、ure 5). Do not make any furtheradjustment.f) Remove the sampling probe from the diameter hole. Plug the hole after removing the probe.g) Scan the whole exhaust line with the sampling probe. The audio signal indicates a leak (the gap betweenthe sampling probe and the walls of the exhaust lines should
44、 be no greater than ).h) Look for the maximum signal in order to localize the position of the first leak. Mark this leak. Continue toscan the whole exhaust system and do the same in order to localize other potential leaks.i) Turn off the supply of helium at the bottle and stop the engine. j) After r
45、epairing all the identified leaks, repeat e) to i) until no further leaks are detected.Key1 gas bottle2 flow-rate adjusting device3 gas injection pipe4 engine air intake5 detection device6 helium detector7 diameter calibrated hole8 pressurization deviceFigure 7 Test set-up Step 20,1 mm1mm20 000 l/l
46、= 20 000 ppm1mm2cm0,1 mmBS ISO 16247:20048Bibliography1 ISO 13556, Road vehicles Localization of exhaust system leaks and equipment specifications2 ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles3 ISO 31-8:1992, Quantities and units Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physicsBS I
47、SO 16247:2004blankBS ISO BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL16247:2004BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charte
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