1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13475-1:1999 ICS 1
2、3.320 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Acoustics Stationary audible warning devices used outdoors Part 1: Field measurements for determination of sound emission quantitiesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environme
3、nt Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 35697 3 BS ISO 13475-1:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 13475-
4、1:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics, to Subcommittee EH/1/4, Machinery noise, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international
5、/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secr
6、etary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standard
7、s Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages
8、This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.A Referencenumbe r ISO134751:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 134751 Fir
9、stedition 19991115 AcousticsStationaryaudiblewarning devicesusedoutdoors Part1: Fieldmeasurementsfordetermination ofsoundemissionquantities AcoustiqueDispositifsdalarmesonorefixesutilisslextrieur Partie1:MesuragessurleterraindesgrandeursdmissionacoustiqueISO134751:1999(E) ii Contents 1Scop e.1 2Norm
10、ativereference s.1 3Termsanddefinition s1 4 Testcondition s.3 4.1Testsit e3 4.2Mountingofapparatu s3 4.3Instrumentatio n3 4.4Microphoneposition s.4 4.5Measurementmethod s4 4.6Ambientcondition s.8 4.7Testprocedur e.8 5Acousticcharacteristic s8 5.1Testsignal s8 5.2Durationofthemeasuremen t.9 5.3Determ
11、inationofthesoundemissionquantitie s.9 5.4Measurementuncertaint y.10 6Informationtobereporte d.10 AnnexA (normative) Supplycondition s14 AnnexB (normative) Calculationofcombinedexpandeduncertaint y.15 Bibliography19 ISO134751:1999(E) iii Foreword ISO (the InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)
12、isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganiza
13、tions,governmentalandnongovernmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftIntern
14、ationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtoth ememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. InternationalStandardISO134751waspreparedbyISO/TC43, Acoustics,SubcommitteeSC1, Noise . ISO 13475consistsofthefollow
15、ingparts,underthegeneraltitle AcousticsStationaryaudiblewarningdevices usedoutdoors : Part1:Fieldmeasurementsfordeterminationofsoundemissionquantities Part2:Testroommeasurements Part3:Outdoorpropagationofwarningsignalsoverbuiltupareas AnnexesAandBformanormativepartofthispartofISO13475.ISO134751:1999
16、(E) iv Introduction ISO134751describesfieldmeasurements.Thetestmethodsareintendedtoproducefieldtestvaluesofthesound emissionlevelofasirenasitisinstalledinanoutdoorsituation.Thesefieldtestvaluesmay,togetherwiththe statedmeasurementuncertainties,beusedtocheckthespecificationsofdeliveredsirensortocompa
17、rethe performanceofdifferentsirensunderthesameconditions,emittingthesamesignals. ISO134752describesprecision measurements. This method is intended toproduceagenerallyvalidspecification ofsirensfortypetests,acceptancetests,orforuseinthedesignofoutdoorwarningsystems,etc. Inpart1ofISO13475,twotypesoffi
18、eldmeasurementsarediscussed.Theyare: a) Flatplatemeasurements: thismethodusesamicrophoneplacedonaflatplatewhichislocatedo nthe ground.Duringthemeasurement,theintendedmainsoundradiationpatternofth ewarningdevicesistilted towardthemicrophoneandplateassembly. b)Horizonta lmeasurements:thismethodisperfo
19、rmedwiththemicrophoneplacedatthesameelevatio n as the centreoftheaudiblewarningdevice(atapreferredheightof10m). MeasurementsmadeunderoptimalconditionsinconformitywiththispartofISO 13475shouldresulti nstandard uncertaintiesequaltoorlessthanthevaluesgiveninTable1.Thestandarduncertaintyforactualmeasure
20、ment conditions taking into account the cumulative effect of allcausesofmeasurementuncertaintyaretreatedinparts1 and2ofISO13475. Table1UncertaintyindeterminingimmissionrelevantCweightedsoundpowerlevels forstationaryaudiblewarningdevices Reference Measurementmethod Expectedexpanded uncertainty Part1:
21、Fieldmeasurements Flatplate 2dB Horizontal 4dB Part2:Precisionmeasurements 1dBINTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO134751:1999(E) 1 AcousticsStationaryaudiblewarningdevicesusedoutdoors Part1: Fieldmeasurementsfordeterminationofsoundemissionquantities 1Scope This part of ISO 13475 specifies the testconditionsbyw
22、hichthesoundemissionlevelofstationaryaudiblewarning devicescanbeobtained.Themethodsareapplicabletosirensforusein publicoutdoorwarningsystemsand soundsignallingdevicesforuseoutdoors. Thepurposeofthistestcodeistobeabletoproducereliablesoundemissionlevelmeasurementsforstationary sirensusedforwarningout
23、doors. ThispartofISO 13475doesnotcoverspokenmessagesandcontainsnorecommendationsforspecificwarning signals. 2Normativereferences The following normativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO 13475.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto , or
24、 revisions of, any of these publications donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthispartofISO 13475areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.Member
25、sofISOandIE Cmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. IEC60651 1) , Soundlevelmeters. IEC60804 1) , Integratingaveragingsoundlevelmeters. IEC60942, Soundcalibrators . IEC61260, Octavebandandfractionaloctavebandfilters. 3Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthispartofISO13475,thefollo
26、wingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 siren audiblewarningdeviceforuseoutdoors 1) ThesewillberevisedandcombinedasIEC61672.ISO134751:1999(E) 2 3.2 electronicsiren sirenthatproducestonalsoundsbyamplifyingtheoutputofanelectronicsignalgeneratorandbroadcastingthe amplifiedsignalfromoneormoreelectrodynamiclou
27、dspeakers NOTE Suchsirensmayalsobeusedforgivingvoicemessages. 3.3 electromechanicalsiren sirenthatproducestonalsoundsbyflowinterruptionsgeneratedinarotatingwheel NOTE Electromechanicalsirensaremechanicalsirensdrivenbyanelectricmotor. 3.4 pneumaticsiren sirenthatproducessoundbyperiodicallyinterruptin
28、gormodulatingaflowofcompressedair NOTE Theaircompressormaybeintegralwithorseparatefromtheflowinterrupter. 3.5 horizontallyomnidirectionalsiren sirenthatradiatessoundapproximatelyuniformly(withinaspecifiedtolerance)inal lhorizontaldirectionsfromthe sirenatthespecifiedfrequencyofthesound 3.6 direction
29、alsiren sirenthatradiatesmostofitssoundinoneormorespecificdirections 3.7 rotatingoroscillatingsiren directionalsirenthatcontainsamechanismwhichslowlyrotatesitsbeamofsoundaboutaverticalaxis 3.8 immissionrelevantsoundpowerlevel L W,imm soundpowerlevelfromamonopolesourcethatwouldgivethesamesoundpressur
30、elevelinthefarfieldasthe actualsource NOTE Itisexpressedindecibels(dB). Table2Symbols Symbol Definition Unit L p Soundpressurelevel,ref.20 mPa dB L pC CWeightedsoundpressurelevel,ref.20 mPa dB L pCmax,F MaximumCweightedsoundpressurelevel,measuredwithtimeweightingF accordingto4.5.3 dB L pCeq,T Equiva
31、lentCweightedsoundpressureleveloveratimeperiodT dB L W,imm Immissionrelevantsoundpowerlevel,ref.1pW dB L WC,imm CWeightedimmissionrelevantsoundpowerlevel,ref.1pW dB ISO134751:1999(E) 3 4Testconditions 4.1Testsite Thegroundsurfacebetweenthesirenandthemicrophoneshallbeflattowithin 1,0m. Thesurfacebetw
32、eenthewarningdeviceandthemicrophonemaybecoveredwithgrassand/orpavement.There shallbenosoundreflectingobject(e.g.buildingwallsorroofs) within the horizontal plane containing the base of the soundsourcethatarecloserthantwicethemeasurementdistancefromthesource. Allstructureswithinthreetimesthemeasureme
33、ntdistancefromboththesourceandthemicrophon eshallbe described. NOTE Allsurfacesnearthesoundsourcewillreflectsoundand,dependingontheir material, location, and orientation may biastheresultsofthe measurements.Theintentofabovespecificationsisto minimizetheeffectso f all reflections except those fromthe
34、groundsurface.Theaccuracyofthefield measurementsdependondistance,reflectin gobjects,reflectionsoffthe ground, vertical directivity, nearfiel d effects, and instrumentation.Thecontributionsofuncertaintyduetoreflectingsurfa cecan becalculatedaccordingtotheprocedureinannexB. 4.2Mountingofapparatus Thew
35、arningsoundsourcetobetestedshallbelocatedatorabovethemanufacturersrecommendedinstallation heightabovetheground;seeFigures1and5andcorrespondingtext. Therecommendedheighttothecentreofthewarningdevic e(acousticcentre)accordingtothispartofISO 13475 is10m abovetheground.Themountingshouldbecarriedoutinacc
36、ordancewiththispartofISO 13475orthe manufacturersrecommendations. Whentheflatplatemeasurementmethodisused(see4.5),atiltisrecommendedforsirensthataredirectionalin theverticalplane.Thetiltshallbeatsuchananglethatthenormallyverticalsirenaxisisperpendiculartothe directiontothemicrophone.Ifnottilted,them
37、easuredvaluesshallbecorrectedusingtheverticaldirectional characteristics(seeannexB). PowersupplyconditionsshallbeinaccordancewithannexA. 4.3Instrumentation 4.3.1Acousticalinstruments 4.3.1.1 Equipmentfordeterminationofthesoundpressurelevel Thesoundlevelmeterortheequivalentmeasuringsystem,includingth
38、ewindshieldasrecommendedbythe manufacturer,shallfulfiltherequirementsofaclass1orclass2soundlevelmeteraccordingtoIEC60651and IEC 60804.Thediameterofthemicrophoneshallbelessthanorequa l to 13 mm, when using the flatplat e method (see4.5.2). 4.3.1.2 Equipmentfortheoptionaldeterminationofoctaveandonethi
39、rdoctavebandspectra ThefiltersshallmeettherequirementsofIEC61260,class1orclass2;parallelfiltersarepreferred. The equivalent continuoussoundpressurelevelsshallbedeterminedsimultaneouslyinoctaveoronethirdoctave bandswithcentrefrequenciesfrom50Hzto4000Hz. 4.3.1.3 Calibrationofthemeasurementsetup The ca
40、libration of the complete sound measuringsystem,includinganyrecording,datalogging,puting systems,shallbecheckedimmediatelybeforeandafterthemeasurementsessionatoneormor e frequencies using asoundcalibrator.ThecalibratorshallfulfiltherequirementsofIEC60942,class 1orclass2,andshallbeused withinitsspeci
41、fiedenvironmentalconditions.ISO134751:1999(E) 4 Ifadifferenceof1,0dBormoreappearsbetweensubsequentcalibrationsessions,theinstrumentsshallbe checkedandthemeasurementsshallberejected. 4.3.1.4 Calibrationoftheequipmentanditstraceability Allequipmentforsoundmeasurementsshallbecheckedregularlyandshallbec
42、alibratedwithtraceabilityto nationalstandards.Calibrationintervalsforsoundcalibratorsshouldbe12monthsandforotherequipment 24months. 4.4Microphonepositions Microphonepositionsarechoseninaccordancewiththemeasurementmethod. Windshieldsshallbeusedduringallmeasurements. The referencedistancebetweenthesir
43、encentreandthemicrophoneis30m.Themaximumdistancebetweenthe sirenandthemicrophoneshallnotexceed50m. Foroptimizingthemeasurementdistance,uncertaintiesarisingfromnearfieldeffectsandgroundeffectsshallbe takenintoconsideration;seeannexB. 4.5Measurementmethods 4.5.1General Twomethodsaredescribed:theflatplatemethodandthehorizontalmeasurementmethod. Theflatplatemethodrequiresthemicrophonetobeplacedonaflatplateontheground.Thismethodresultsina 6 dBincreaseofthesoundpressurelevelviathecontrolledreflectionoftheplate(relativetothefreefieldvalue). However,inordertom
