1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13215-3:1999 Road vehicles Reduction of misuse risk of child restraint systems Part 3: Prediction and assessment of misuse by Misuse Mode and Effect Analysis (MMEA) ICS 43.040.60; 97.190BSISO13215-3:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the En
2、gineering SectorCommittee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Committeeandcomes into effect on 15August1999 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 32682 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO13215-3:1999and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in i
3、ts preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeAUE/7, Automobile occupant restraint systems which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK
4、interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to
5、in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standard Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
6、 Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, p
7、ages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and abackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO13215-3:1999 BSI 04-
8、2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 13215-3 1ii blankBSISO13215-3:1999 ii BSI 04-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General 1 4 Assessment 1 5 Requirements 2 6 Final steps 2 Annex A (normative) Misuse Mode and Effect Analysis (M
9、MEA) Assessment sheet 3 Annex B (informative) Guidelines for examiners using the MMEA method 4 Annex C (informative) Bibliography Inside back cover Figure B.1 Reclinable child seat 4 Figure B.2 Child seat with metal frame 5BSISO13215-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organizatio
10、n for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
11、 the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft
12、 International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO13215-3was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC22, R
13、oad vehicles, Subcommittee SC12, Restraint systems. ISO 13215 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Reduction of misuse risk of child restraint systems: Part 1: Form for field studies; Part 2: Requirements and testing procedures for correct installation (panel method
14、); Part 3: Prediction and assessment of misuse by Misuse Mode and Effect Analysis (MMEA); Part 4: Instructions and labels. Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO13215. Annex B and Annex C are for information only.iv blankBSISO13215-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 1 1 Scope This part of ISO 13215 spec
15、ifies a method to predict and quantify misuse of child restraint systems which is called Misuse Mode and Effect Analysis (MMEA). Such misuse may degrade the performance of child restraint systems. As a predictive method it should be applied at an early stage, before the child restraint system is put
16、 into use by consumers. The MMEA method is recommended to be used by manufacturers of child restraint systems. However, in order to further minimize misuse of child restraint systems, this method may also be used for type approval purposes. Being predictive implies the possibility of incompleteness
17、and errors. Such errors can be minimized, if the proposed method is supported by the panel method 1 and by field studies. This part of ISO13215represents the best present consensus, but should be reviewed more frequently than other International Standards and revised in the light of increasing exper
18、ience. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this part of ISO13215, the following definitions apply. 2.1 child restraint system any free standing device intended to provide child vehicle occupants with an approved restraint NOTEChild restraints comprise various categories, such as car beds, infant restra
19、ints, toddler seats, booster cushions and booster seats. 2.2 misuse of child restraint systems any deviation from intended application and use which might reduce the protective performance of the child restraint system 2.3 adult safety belt approved webbing used to restrain adults 2.4 buckle quick r
20、elease device which can be readily operated by an adult to release the child from the attachment to the vehicle 2.5 adjuster device through which a strap passes and which, by means of moving, enables the effective length of the straps to be controlled to suit the circumstances 2.6 strap flexible com
21、ponent of webbing designed to transmit forces 3 General 3.1 Compliance with this part of ISO 13215 A child restraint system tested in accordance with the requirements of this part of ISO13215is considered to be correctly designed if, when any predicted misuse modes are assessed, it meets the propose
22、d acceptance criteria. Manufacturers of child restraint systems are advised to apply the MMEA method before submitting a child restraint system for type approval. 3.2 Assessment panels The prediction and assessment of potential misuse modes are carried out by persons experienced in using and testing
23、 child restraint systems. Ideally, such persons should also be involved in panel testing and field studies of child restraint systems. In any case, they should be aware of results of these test methods. 4 Assessment 4.1 Assessment form The assessment shall be performed by using the form given in Ann
24、ex A. Guidance is given in Annex B. 4.2 Preliminary steps Prior to assessment, the examiner shall inspect the child restraint system for completeness and shall carefully read any attached information provided for the consumer such as instructions for installation and use. Particular attention shall
25、be paid to warning instructions. 4.3 Assessment procedure 4.3.1 General The product name/number and the name of the manufacturer shall be entered into the head of the form (see Annex A). 4.3.2 Potential misuse modes The part and, respectively, the function, subject to potential misuse modes shall be
26、 described in the first column. Any misuse mode the examiner anticipates shall be listed in the second column. In columns 3 and 4 the examiner shall determine the effects of such anticipated misuse and its cause.BSISO13215-3:1999 2 BSI 04-2000 4.3.3 Assessment of misuse modes The assessment is deter
27、mined by occurrence of a misuse mode and its severity. Occurrence is the degree of likelihood that a specific misuse will result in the predicted misuse mode. Severity assesses how serious the misuse mode may be with respect to safety of a child within the child restraint system. 4.3.3.1 Rating of o
28、ccurrence The occurrence is rated between “0” (no misuse) and“10” (highest degree of misuse) as follows: 4.3.3.2 Rating of severity The severity of failure as a result of misuse mode is rated as follows: 4.3.3.3 Risk Priority Number (RPN) The Risk Priority Number is achieved by multiplying the indiv
29、idual ratings for occurrence and severity. 4.3.4 Corrective actions If the assessment of an individual misuse mode does not comply with requirements according to5.2 and5.3 respectively, the child restraint system shall be rejected unless corrective actions are taken. Such corrective actions are subj
30、ect to a further assessment which shall be listed within the form under “Actions taken” and “Revised assessment”. Thereafter the examiner shall decide whether further actions are required. This shall be listed in the last column. 5 Requirements 5.1 General safety requirements A child restraint syste
31、m in addition to satisfying the requirements specified in5.2 and5.3 shall meet the general requirements for approval, as specified in various applicable national and International Standards. 5.2 Acceptance criteria of a single misusemode The result of the assessment is a failure if the Risk Priority
32、 Number of the initial assessment, or, after corrective action(s), of the revised assessmentis25or more. 5.3 Acceptance criteria of more than one misuse mode If three or more misuse modes have a Risk Priority Number of20or more, the child restraint system is deemed to have failed. 6 Final steps If d
33、eemed to be necessary, the examiner shall provide additional explanations or details. Finally, the examiner shall sign and date the MMEA form. no misuse = 0 misuse rather unlikely = 1 relatively little misuse = 2 3 occasional misuse = 4 6 repeated misuse = 7 8 misuse almost inevitable = 9 10 no effe
34、ct on safety = 0 hardly noticeable effects = 1 insignificant failure = 2 3 moderate failure = 4 6 severe failure = 7 8 very high severity failure = 9 10BS ISO 13215-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 3 Annex A (normative) Misuse Mode and Effect Analysis (MMEA) Assessment sheet Product name/number: No.: Supplier(s)
35、name(s): Sheet: Part/function Potential misuse mode Effects of misuse Cause(s) of misuse Initial assessment Action(s) taken Revised assessment Further actions required Occurrence Severity RPN Occurrence Severity RPN Likelihood of occurrence: Severity (effect on safety): Date: no misuse = 0 no effect
36、 on safety = 0 misuse rather unlikely = 1 hardly noticeable effects = 1 relatively little misuse = 2 3 insignificant failure = 2 3 occasional misuse = 4 6 moderate failure = 4 6 repeated misuse = 7 8 severe failure = 7 8 misuse almost inevitable = 9 10 very high severity failure = 9 10 SignatureBSIS
37、O13215-3:1999 4 BSI 04-2000 Annex B (informative) Guidelines for examiners using the MMEA method B.1 Cases of potential misuse Two hypothetical cases of major misuse on a child restraint system are predicted and assessed (theeffectsof the predicted misuse modes were simulated by means of dynamic tes
38、ts and found to becorrect). B.1.1 Case 1 a) Design feature The handle of a locking mechanism for a reclinable child seat is not springloaded and requires additional manual engagement to secure a given recline position. If not properly engaged, the seat shell will be forced into its maximum recline p
39、osition upon frontalimpact. b) Assessment Occurrence: It was assumed that in65% of all cases with bigger children suited for this child restraint system an upright position is chosen and that40% of the seats are not engaged properly. This would lead to repeated misuse. Severity: Due to excessive hea
40、d excursion the head of a bigger child would inevitably hit the dashboard or the seat back (when positioned in the rear seat) in a frontal impact. c) Action taken A spring-loaded mechanism will prevent this misuse mode and helps to keep the head excursion within the desirable limits. B.1.2 Case 2 a)
41、 Design feature The frame of a child restraint system gets close to the intersection between car seat back and bottom. Therefore on a large number of cars the seat belt buckle may rest on the frame. b) Assessment Occurrence: Upon checking a number of cars it was established that this condition is in
42、evitable in about50% of the car fleet and that most of the plastic buckle housings will break upon crash loads leading to repeated cases of failure. Severity: A broken buckle housing may lead to the most severe failure. Figure B.1 Reclinable child seatBSISO13215-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 5 c) Action taken
43、The most effective remedy of this failure mode would be re-design of the frame with sufficient distance between the belt guide across the frame and the intersection between the seat back and seat bottom. With its present design the child restraint system should be rejected. B.2 Compliance The findin
44、gs and assessment of the two hypothetical cases are entered into the MMEA form (see example given in clauseB.3). According to the acceptance criteria of5.2 and5.3 respectively, each of the two cases would deem a child restraint system as a failure. Figure B.2 Child seat with metal frameBS ISO 13215-
45、3:1999 6 BSI 04-2000 B.3 Misuse mode and effect analysis (MMEA) Example Product name/number: No.: Supplier(s) name(s): Sheet: Part/function Potential misuse mode Effects of misuse Cause(s) of misuse Initial assessment Action(s) taken Revised assessment Further actions required Occurrence Severity RP
46、N Occurrence Severity RPN 1) Locking mechanism Locking mechanism is not engaged Seat shell may slide from up-right into reclined position No automatic engagement of locking mechanism 7 8 56 Spring-loaded locking mechanism 0 0 0 No 2) Contact area between buckle of car seat belt and frame Buckle may
47、rest on frame Buckle may break upon crash Frame too close to intersection between seat bottom and back 7 9 63 Re-design of frame required to allow for15mm distance from intersection line 0 0 0 No Likelihood of occurrence: Severity (effect on safety): Date: no misuse = 0 no effect on safety = 0 misus
48、e rather unlikely = 1 hardly noticeable effects = 1 relatively little misuse = 2 3 insignificant failure = 2 3 occasional misuse = 4 6 moderate failure = 4 6 repeated misuse = 7 8 severe failure = 7 8 misuse almost inevitable = 9 10 very high severity failure = 9 10 SignatureBSISO13215-3:1999 BSI 04
49、-2000 Annex C (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 13215-2, Road vehicles Reduction of misuse risk of child restraint systems Part 2:Requirements and testing procedures for correct installation (panel method).BS ISO 13215-3:1999 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Ro
