1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 12815:2013Fibre-reinforced plasticcomposites Determinationof plain-pin bearing strengthBS ISO 12815:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK i
2、mplementation of ISO 12815:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics andprepregs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport
3、to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 66125 9 ICS 83.120 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Thi
4、s British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 12815:2013 ISO 2013Fibre-reinforced plastic composites Determination of plain-pin bearing strengthComposites plas
5、tiques renforcs de fibres Dtermination de la rsistance au matage au moyen dune goupille ordinaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO12815First edition2013-03-01Reference numberISO 12815:2013(E)BS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights rese
6、rved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IS
7、O at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii
8、Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 35.1 Test machine. 36 Test specimens 46.1 Shape and dimensions 46.2 Preparation of specimens 56.3 Checking the test specimens . 57 Number of test specimens 68 Conditioning 6
9、9 Procedure. 69.1 Test conditions 69.2 Specimen and pin dimensions . 69.3 Testing speed 69.4 Data collection . 69.5 Failure load . 69.6 Failure mode . 610 Calculation and expression of results . 711 Precision . 812 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Round-Robin validation exercise for plain-pin-be
10、aring test method .10Bibliography .13BS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techni
11、cal committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely w
12、ith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Inter
13、national Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
14、be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12815 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 13, Composites and reinforcement fibres.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E
15、)IntroductionIn preparing this harmonized version, reference was made to similar methods, such as prEN 6037 and ASTM D 5961, harmonization with open-hole tests has been achieved where relevant (e.g. specimen and hole size). The method is applicable to all current and future fibre-reinforced plastic
16、composites meeting the requirements of this International Standard.The method described in this International Standard uses the maximum load to define the plain-pin laminate bearing strength. This point is well-defined and has been shown to be at a similar level to the less easily defined, initial f
17、ailure in the similar “torqued bolt” test(s) (see below). In the torqued bolt test, the load can increase after the bearing failure (up to x 2), as the failed material is jammed against the bolt, washers and loading jigs. The property determined applies only to the laminate lay-up tested.The strengt
18、h properties of “bolted” joints are dependent on the actual conditions involved for the joint being assessed. This includes initial bolt torque (including any load lost in bolt threads), effect of relaxation due to visco-elastic effects, effect of hot/wet conditioning, washer size/over-size, bolt ma
19、terial/rivet details and chamfer depth/plate thickness. It is recommended that additional tests to the plain-pin test be conducted for the actual joint conditions of interest in the applications, as no standardized configuration can represent all these variations. ASTM D 5961, Standard test method f
20、or bearing response of polymer matrix composite laminates, can be used as guidance on bolted joint tests. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 12815:2013BS ISO 12815:2013Fibre-reinforced plastic composites Determination of plain-pin bearing strength1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a proc
21、edure for determining the plain-pin bearing strength of fibre-reinforced plastic composites.The method described in this International Standard is applicable to fibre-reinforced plastic composites with either thermoset or thermoplastic matrices.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced document
22、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 527-4, Plast
23、ics Determination of tensile properties Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic compositesISO 472, Plastics VocabularyISO 1268 (all parts), Fibre-reinforced plastics Methods of producing test platesISO 2602, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation
24、 of the mean Confidence intervalISO 2818, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machiningISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) Specification3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitio
25、ns given in ISO 472 and the following apply.3.1plain-pin bearing strengthpstress obtained by dividing the maximum load by the projected cross-sectional area of the pin contact area with the specimen (i.e. d x t)Note 1 to entry: The result is expressed in megapascals, MPa.3.2specimen coordinate axesc
26、oordinate axes for the material under test, the direction parallel to the plate longitudinal axis being defined as the “1” direction, the direction perpendicular to them as the “2” direction and, the direction “3” being perpendicular to the plate (i.e. the through-thickness direction) SOURCE: ISO 52
27、7-4:1997, Clause 4.8INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12815:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)Keyt thicknessw specimen widthL specimen lengthe distance from end of specimenh length of tabbing (if used)d pin/hole diameterFigure 1 Test specimen for determination of plain
28、-pin bearing strength4 PrincipleA test specimen consisting of a strip of rectangular cross-section with a plain hole, centrally positioned with respect to the width, is loaded in tension by a clearance fit metallic plain-pin. The maximum load sustained by the specimen is used to determine the plain-
29、pin bearing strength, based on the projected area of the pin in contact with the specimen. The test measures a material plain-pin bearing strength under these loading conditions, rather than a load to fail a bolted joint, for the laminate lay-up tested.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12815:2013
30、ISO 12815:2013(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Test machine.5.1.1 General, test machine conforming to ISO 5893 as appropriate to the requirements given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.3.5.1.2 Speed of testing, v, shall be kept constant according to ISO 5893.5.1.3 Indicator for load, such that the error in the indicated force is l
31、ess than 1 % of the full scale (see ISO 5893).5.2 Micrometer, or equivalent, capable of reading to 0,01 mm, or less, and suitable for measuring the thickness, t and width, w of the test specimen; and the pin/hole diameter, d and position. The micrometer shall have faces appropriate to the surface be
32、ing measured (i.e. flat faces for flat, polished surfaces and hemispherical faces for irregular surfaces).5.3 Loading jig and pin, the plain-pin is loaded by a double-shear metal plate assembly, as shown in Figure 2. The loading jig shall include clearance, c, of at least 0.5 mm on both sides of the
33、 specimen and shall not distort under the applied load. The pin should be manufactured in a hardened steel. The loading pin shall similarly not distort during the test and should be an clearance fit in the hole in the specimen, unless specified otherwise. The loading pin shall have a diameter of 6 m
34、m (tolerance 0 to 0.05 mm).NOTE Hardened plates are acceptable as an alternative to the use of the hardened bushes shown in Figure 1. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)Key1 grip plate2 side plate3 hardened bushes4 hardened loading pin5 specimen6, 7 machine gripsc cleara
35、nce = 0.5 mm (minimum)Figure 2 Loading plates and test arrangement6 Test specimens6.1 Shape and dimensions6.1.1 Preferred specimen sizeThe specimen shall have a width, w, of 36 mm 0,5 mm and a length, L of 100 to 180 mm. In cases of dispute the specimen length shall be 180 mm. For specimen thickness
36、 reference shall be made to the international standard for the material or the appropriate part of ISO 1268 for test panel manufacture, otherwise a minimum of 4 mm shall be used for the pin hole size given in 6.1.2. The width of individual specimens shall be parallel to within 0,2 mm. The configurat
37、ion of the specimen is shown in Figure 1.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)A hole, 6 mm (tolerance 0 to + 0,05 mm), in diameter is machined within 0,1 mm of the specimen centre line and a distance, e, of 36 mm (i.e. 6 the hole diameter) from the end of the coupon. Provi
38、ding that an acceptable bearing failure (c.f. shear-out) is still obtained, the end distance, e, can be reduced to 18 mm.6.1.2 Alternative specimen sizeAlternative specimens shall maintain a specimen width/hole diameter and an end distance/hole diameter ratio of 6; and a plain-pin diameter/specimen
39、thickness of 1,5.NOTE For existing applications, a 6,35 mm (0,25”) hole at 38,1 mm (1,5”) from the end of a 38,1 mm (1,5”) wide coupon meets these requirements.6.2 Preparation of specimens6.2.1 GeneralA test plate shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 1268 (all parts) or another specified/agreed
40、procedure. Individual specimens or groups of specimens shall be cut to the required size. Some parameters for machining are specified in ISO 2818. Further guidance on cutting specimens is given in Annex A of ISO 527-4.The plate configuration shall be, if not given by the materials specification or a
41、s agreed by the interested parties, in a pseudo isotropic configuration. The 0, x or axial direction in the plate shall be marked (see ISO 1268-4).NOTE For 0,125mm thick unidirectional plies, the quasi- isotropic configuration lay-up for a 4 mm thick panel is given by +45, 90, 45, 08S(i.e. 8 repeats
42、 of the stacking unit).6.2.2 End tab material (if required)Providing failure does not occur at or within the grip, unbonded tabs or no tabs may be used. If tabs are used, they shall be constructed from a cross-ply or fabric glass-fibre/resin laminate, or from the material under test. The tab materia
43、l thickness shall be between 0,5 mm and 2 mm thick, with a tab angle of 90 (i.e. not tapered). See ISO 527-4.6.2.3 Application of end tabsBonded end tabs, if used, shall be applied to the specimen with a high elongation adhesive, as described in Annex A of ISO 527-4.NOTE A similar procedure can be u
44、sed for individual specimens or for a group of specimens.6.2.4 Machining the test specimensThe test specimen shall be cut and the hole drilled without causing damage.6.3 Checking the test specimensThe specimens shall be flat and free of twist. The surfaces and edges shall be free from cracks, scratc
45、hes, pits, sink marks and flashes. The drilled hole should not be damaged. The specimens shall be checked for conformity to these requirements by visual observation against straight-edges, squares and flat plates, and by measuring with micrometer callipers. Specimens showing measurable or observable
46、 departure from one or more of these requirements shall be rejected or machined to the required size and shape before testing. The pin shall be a clearance fit in the hole. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 12815:2013ISO 12815:2013(E)7 Number of test specimensAt least five test specimens shall be
47、 tested (see 9.6 for checking valid failure modes). The number of measurements may be more than five, if greater precision of the mean value is required.It is possible to evaluate this by means of the confidence interval (95 % probability, see ISO 2602).8 ConditioningWhere applicable, condition the
48、test specimen as specified in this International Standard for the material under test. In the absence of such information, the most appropriate condition from ISO 291 shall be selected, unless otherwise agreed by the interested parties.9 Procedure9.1 Test conditionsWhere applicable, the specimen sha
49、ll be tested as specified in this International Standard for the material under test. In the absence of such information, the most appropriate condition from ISO 291 shall be selected, unless otherwise agreed by the interested parties (e.g. for testing at elevated or reduced temperatures).9.2 Specimen and pin dimensionsMeasure the width of the specimen to the nearest 0,1 mm and the thickness of the test piece to the nearest 0,02 mm at the mid-point of the specimen. Measure the hole diameter to ensure
