1、BS ISO 11476:2016Paper and board Determination of CIEwhiteness, C/2 (indoorillumination conditions)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 11476:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 11476:2016. Its
2、upersedes BS ISO 11476:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pur
3、port to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83773 9ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.T
4、his British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 11476:2016 ISO 2016Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, C/2 (indoor illumination conditions)Papier et carton D
5、termination du degr de blanc CIE C/2 (clairage intrieur)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11476Third edition2016-08-15Reference numberISO 11476:2016(E)BS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless ot
6、herwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the addres
7、s below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms an
8、d definitions . 14 Principle 35 Apparatus and equipment 36 Calibration 47 Sampling and conditioning 58 Preparation of test pieces . 59 Procedure. 510 Calculation and expression of results . 611 Precision . 712 Test report . 7Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of reflectometers for determin
9、ing tristimulus values 8Annex B (normative) UV-calibration service 14Bibliography .16 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bod
10、ies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
11、 non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are des
12、cribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn
13、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the
14、 ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
15、as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edi
16、tion (ISO 11476:2010), which has been technically revised. The major change is to allow for calculations using ASTM E308 for instruments that have bandpass correction and still maintain the non-bandpass-correction procedure.It is based on the CIE whiteness formula, published in CIE Publication 15:20
17、04, Colorimetry.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 11476:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11476:2016(E)Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, C/2 (indoor illumination conditions)1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the procedure to be used for determining the CIE whiteness of paper
18、s and boards, in order to obtain values which correspond to the visual appearance of white papers and boards, with or without fluorescent whitening agents, when they are viewed indoors. It is based on radiance factor data obtained over the full visible spectral range (VIS) in contrast to the measure
19、ment of ISO brightness, which is limited to the blue region of VIS. This International Standard also specifies the procedures for the determination of CIE tint values and the fluorescent component of CIE whiteness.In addition, it specifies a method for adjustment of the UV-content to correspond to t
20、hat of CIE illuminant C,1012since the results obtained when fluorescent whitening agents are present are dependent upon the UV-content of the radiation falling upon the sample. The CIE illuminant C is taken to be representative of indoor illumination conditions because it contains a suitable proport
21、ion of UV radiation.7This method is not applicable to coloured papers containing fluorescent dyes. It is specific to the situation where the fluorescence occurs in the blue region of the visible spectral range.This International Standard is read in conjunction with ISO 2469.NOTE 1 It is recognized t
22、hat the CIE whiteness formula was developed in the context of the CIE standard illuminant D65,5but the similarity between the relative spectral power curves for the C and D65 illuminants within the visible region and the closeness of their correlated colour temperatures (6 770 K and 6 500 K respecti
23、vely) are taken as a justification for the use of the analogous whiteness formula with the CIE illuminant C.NOTE 2 A related International Standard, ISO 11475, specifies the procedure for obtaining values corresponding to the appearance of papers viewed under the CIE standard illuminant D65.2 Normat
24、ive referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
25、plies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radiance factor (diffuse reflectance factor)ISO 2470-1, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness
26、)ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps International calibration of testing apparatus Nomination and acceptance of standardizing and authorized laboratories3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.NOTE The symbols used here are selected to mainta
27、in consistency, wherever possible, with the CIE International Lighting Vocabulary ILV. While the definitions used here are based upon the CIE ILV, they have been adapted for this International Standard. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)3.1reflectance factorRratio of th
28、e radiation reflected by a body to that reflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditionsNote 1 to entry: The reflectance factor is usually expressed as a percentage.3.2intrinsic reflectance factorRreflectance factor (3.1) of a layer or pad of the material thick enough to be opa
29、que, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured reflectance factor3.3diffuse radiance factorratio of the diffusely reflected radiance of a body in a given direction to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under specifie
30、d conditions of irradiationNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the specified conditions of irradiation in this International Standard are for CIE Illuminant C and the diffuse radiance factor is strictly the total radiance factor, , which contains two components, the reflected r
31、adiance factor, R, and the luminescent radiance factor, L, so that = R+ LNote 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the diffuse radiance factor, , is simply the reflectance factor, R (3.1).3.4intrinsic diffuse radiance factordiffuse radiance factor (3.3) of a layer or pad of the material thick
32、enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured radiance factorNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the intrinsic total radiance factor, , is the sum of two portions, the intrinsic refl
33、ected radiance factor, ,R, and the intrinsic luminescent radiance factor, ,L, so that= ,R+ ,LNote 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the intrinsic diffuse radiance factor, , is simply the intrinsic reflectance factor, R(3.2).3.5CIE whitenessWmeasure of CIE whiteness derived from the CIE tris
34、timulus values determined under the conditions specified in this International StandardNote 1 to entry: The CIE whiteness is expressed in CIE whiteness units.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)3.6green tintred tintTwmeasure of the deviation from CIE whiteness (3.5) of th
35、e test material towards the green or red region under the conditions specified in this International StandardNote 1 to entry: The deviation is expressed as CIE tint units.Note 2 to entry: A positive value of Twindicates a greenish tint and a negative value indicates a reddish tint.3.7fluorescence co
36、mponentFmeasure of the extent to which the CIE whiteness (3.5) of the material is affected by excitation of the added fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) under the conditions specified in this International StandardNote 1 to entry: The absence of a suffix in the terms given in 3.5 to 3.7 is used to in
37、dicate that the value refers to the CIE 1931 (2) observer.4 PrincipleThe diffuse radiance factor of the material is determined under standardized conditions after adjustment of the instrument so that the relative UV-content of the illumination corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C, and the CIE
38、 whiteness and tint are calculated. The fluorescence component of the CIE whiteness is calculated from the difference between the diffuse radiance factor value and the value obtained when the fluorescence emission from the material is eliminated, for instance, by the introduction into the light beam
39、s of a sharp cut-off UV-absorbing filter.5 Apparatus and equipment5.1 Reflectometer or spectrophotometer, having the geometric, spectral and photometric characteristics described in ISO 2469, calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2470-1 and equipped with a radiation source having an ad
40、equate UV-content and a means of adjusting the relative UV-content so that the measured ISO brightness value agrees with the ISO brightness value assigned to a fluorescent reference standard (5.2.2) and corresponding to the CIE illuminant C. 81112If a filter (the UV-adjustment filter) is used to mak
41、e this adjustment, it shall have a cut-off value of 395 nm so that it absorbs UV radiation, but does not, at the same time, alter the visible spectrum within the sphere.NOTE In order to achieve concordance between the conditions for measuring both ISO brightness and CIE whiteness (C/2), an adjustmen
42、t based on a fluorescent reference standard (5.2.2) having an assigned ISO brightness value is preferred.For the measurement of reflectance factors with the fluorescence effect eliminated, the instrument shall be equipped with a sharp cut-off, UV-absorbing filter (the UV-cut-off filter) having a tra
43、nsmittance not exceeding 5,0 % at and below a wavelength of 410 nm and not exceeding 50 % at a wavelength of 420 nm. The cut-off filter shall have characteristics such that a repeatable reflectance factor value is obtained at 420 nm. The reflectance factor value obtained at 420 nm shall then be cons
44、idered for computational purposes to be the value which applies at all lower wavelengths, at which it is not possible to make any measurement.For the measurement of fluorescent papers, photometric linearity up to a scale reading of at least 200 % is necessary in the wavelength region corresponding t
45、o the fluorescent emission.5.1.1 In the case of a filter reflectometer, pairs of filters giving the photoelectric detectors of the reflectometer responses equivalent to the CIE tristimulus values X, Y, Z of the test piece,9evaluated for the CIE illuminant C10and CIE 1931 (2).4 ISO 2016 All rights re
46、served 3BS ISO 11476:2016ISO 11476:2016(E)5.1.2 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, a means of calculating the weighted means in accordance with the requirements of the CIE illuminant C and CIE 1931 (2) observer using the weighting functions given in Annex A and Reference 6, where the Tabl
47、es A.1 and A.2 are used for instruments without bandpass correction and Tables A.3 and A.4 are used for instruments with bandpass correction.5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and working standards.5.2.1 Non-fluorescent reference standard for calibration, fulfilling the requir
48、ements for international reference standards of level 3, as specified in ISO 2470-1.5.2.2 Fluorescent reference standard for use in adjusting the UV-content of the radiation incident upon the sample, having an assigned ISO brightness value, as specified in Annex B, and fulfilling the requirements fo
49、r international reference standards of level 3, as specified in ISO 2470-1.Use new reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV-adjustment.5.3 Working standards.5.3.1 Two plates of flat opal glass or ceramic material, cleaned as described in ISO 2469.5.3.2 Stable plastic or other tablet, incorporating a fluorescent whitening agent.5.4 Black cavity, having a reflectance factor which does not differ from its nominal value by more than 0,2 % at all
