1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 10987:2012Earth-moving machinery Sustainability Terminology,sustainability factors andr e p o r t i n gBS ISO 10987:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Stan
2、dard is the UK implementation of ISO 10987:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/513/1, Earth moving machinery (International).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
3、rt to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 70349 2ICS 53.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Thi
4、s British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 10987:2012 ISO 2012Earth-moving machinery Sustainability Terminology, sustainability factors and reportingEngins d
5、e terrassement Durabilit Terminologie, facteurs de durabilit et rapportINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO10987First edition2012-11-15Reference numberISO 10987:2012(E)BS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise spe
6、cified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCa
7、se postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroductionv1 Scope. 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions. 1
8、4 Sustainability factors. 34.1 General . 34.2 Work-site energy efficiency 44.3 Work-site greenhouse gas emissions . 44.4 Product support for improving machine efficiency and use . 54.5 Machine air quality emissions . 54.6 Machine material re-use, recyclability and recoverability 54.7 Safety . 54.8 S
9、ound and vibration . 54.9 Total useful life cost parameters 65 Reporting format 6Annex A (informative) Format for providing sustainability factor information for earth-moving machines . 7Annex B (informative) Example for estimating machine energy efficiency 8Annex C (informative) Additional sustaina
10、bility terminology 9Bibliography.12BS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technica
11、l committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wit
12、h the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Interna
13、tional Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
14、 the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 10987 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)IntroductionSustainability has become a glo
15、bal concern for all products, including earth-moving machines. Customers buying the machines are requesting information that can be used to promote sustainability for their work projects. With the increased interest in the subject, many organizations are preparing sustainability guidelines and many
16、manufacturers of earth-moving machinery are beginning to provide general information. This International Standard is the first on sustainability for earth-moving machines: a beginning in the definition of the sustainability information that customers can use for their projects.Sustainability covers
17、a wide range of areas related to social, environmental and economic considerations for the development, manufacturing, useful life and end-of-life phases for earth-moving machines. This International Standard covers general sustainability principles, terminology, and sustainability factors and forma
18、ts for summarizing sustainability information.Further International Standards on sustainability for earth-moving machines are planned to cover other areas, including test methods, performance criteria and means of compliance.Potential sustainability issues relevant to earth-moving machines include t
19、he following: greenhouse gas/carbon emissions; energy use; general processes during design, manufacture, machine life, end-of-life; management system for sustainability communication, training, development; training for machine use worksite managers, operators, maintenance; social aspect: health, sa
20、fety, comfort, ergonomics; noise and vibration (operator); impact on environment noise, dust, ground disturbance, noise and vibration (spectator); manufacturing and remanufacturing; dismantling and recycling; emissions, after treatment; bio fuels and oils; hazardous substances.Other existing Interna
21、tional Standards on earth-moving machines, while not dealing with sustainability itself, address many of the areas covered in this International Standard: general machine safety, ISO 20474 and the safety standards it references; noise, ISO 6393, ISO 6394, ISO 6395, ISO 6396; ergonomics, ISO 3411 (op
22、erator space), ISO 6682 and 10968 (controls), ISO 11112 (seats), and others; recyclability, ISO 16714; vibration, ISO 7096 and ISO/TR 25398; ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E) electromagnetic compatibility, ISO 13766; training, ISO 7130 and ISO 8152.vi ISO 2012 All righ
23、ts reservedBS ISO 10987:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10987:2012(E)Earth-moving machinery Sustainability Terminology, sustainability factors and reporting1 ScopeThis International Standard sets out general principles for addressing the sustainability of the earth-moving machinery defined in ISO 616
24、5. It establishes a sustainability terminology, identifies significant sustainability factors for earth-moving machines and provides an example of a reporting format for sustainability information.This International Standard is applicable to the development and manufacturing processes and the useful
25、 life and end-of-life of earth-moving machines.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition o
26、f the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5349-2, Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplaceISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms an
27、d definitionsISO 6395, Earth-moving machinery Determination of sound power level Dynamic test conditionsISO 6396, Earth-moving machinery Determination of emission sound pressure level at operators position Dynamic test conditionsISO 14040, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles an
28、d frameworkISO 14044, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and GuidelinesISO 16714, Earth-moving machinery Recyclability and recoverability Terminology and calculation methodISO 20474 (all parts), Earth-moving machinery SafetyISO/TR 25398, Earth-moving machinery Guidelines for
29、 assessment of exposure to whole-body vibration of ride-on machines Use of harmonized data measured by international institutes, organizations and manufacturers3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1sustainabilitybalance between social,
30、 environmental and economic needs that optimizes the current quality of life without sacrificing future quality of life ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)3.2machine load factorparameter used to indicate how a machine is working relative to the capability of the machine,
31、 defined by the manufacturer for different types of machine applications, generally using three load factor categories low, medium and highNote 1 to entry: It is usually expressed as a percentage of maximum machine capability.3.3machine productivitywork performed by a machine as a function of time3.
32、4remanufacturingreconditioning process for a component to return it to a level making it suitable for re-use3.5re-useany operation by which component parts of end-of-life machines are used for the same purpose for which they were conceivedSOURCE: ISO 167143.6life cycle assessmentcompilation and eval
33、uation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle3.7end-of-life machinemachine that has completed its useful life and is taken out of service for disposalSOURCE: ISO 167143.8recyclingreprocessing in a production process of the waste m
34、aterials for the original purpose or for other purposes, excluding processing as a means of generating energySOURCE: ISO 167143.9recyclabilityability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recycledSOURCE: ISO 167143.10useful lifeperiod in which a
35、machine is economical to continue to useNote 1 to entry: The determination of useful life can vary depending on user needs.3.11energy efficiencyeffectiveness of converting energy into useful work2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)3.12greenhouse gasGHGgaseous constituent
36、of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earths surface, the atmosphere, and cloudsNote 1 to entry: For the purposes of this International Standard, GHGs are the six gasses lis
37、ted in the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).3.13recoveryreprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, together with
38、processing as a means of generating energySOURCE: ISO 167143.14recoverabilityability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recoveredSOURCE: ISO 167143.15CO2equivalentcommon unit of measure for greenhouse gas emission used to calculate the total g
39、reenhouse gas effect (global warming potential) of different greenhouse gas emissions3.16global warming potentialGWPrelative measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere4 Sustainability factors4.1 GeneralThe sustainability factors presented in Table 1 apply for achieving the sus
40、tainability balance between environmental, social and economic needs during an earth-moving machines useful life and end-of-life. The useful life typically has the greatest impact on that balance. This impact is taken into account in the development process and the sustainability information for bot
41、h useful life and end of life is covered in Table 1.The general sustainability principles of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 apply for the machine development process and manufacturing process.Estimates taken from the application of these sustainability factors can be used to provide information for the wor
42、k site or work project. The work-site energy efficiency (see 4.2) and GHG (see 4.3) factors are best evaluated at the actual work site or work project level, where the total amount of energy/fuel used can be measured relative to the amount of work done to complete the work project.NOTE Due to the va
43、riability and variety of machine operations (e.g. applications, operator skill or terrain), the estimates of energy use are not sufficiently accurate to enable comparisons between different machine models and sizes. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 10987:2012ISO 10987:2012(E)Table 1 Sustainabili
44、ty factors for earth-moving machinerySustainability factor Sustainability area(s) DescriptionInformation or references supplied by manufacturerWork-site energy effi-ciency (see 4.2)Environmental/EconomicWork performed on a work site per the amount of energy used/fuel con-sumedInformation used to est
45、imate machine work done/unit of energyWork-site greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (see 4.3)Environmental Work-site GHG emissions per amount of work done defined by CO2equiva-lentsInformation used to estimate kilograms of CO2equivalents produced during a work-site projectProduct support for improving ma
46、chine efficiency and use(see 4.4)Environmental/EconomicInformation and train-ing to improve machine operation efficiency as a function of machine capabilityManufacturers information used to improve machine effi-ciency and useMachine air quality emissions (see 4.5)Environmental Engine emission rating
47、 Engine rating level, such as tier or stage levelMachine material re-use, recyclability and recoverability(see 4.6)Environmental Remanufactureable con-tent Recyclable contentRecoverabilityAs a percentage of machine mass in accordance with ISO 16714Safety (see 4.7) Social/EconomicComplying with Inter
48、na-tional Standards on safety of earth-moving machin-eryList of International Standards on safety with which the machine compliesSound and vibration(see 4.8)Social/ EnvironmentalSound levels of machine A-weighted decibels (dB) in accordance with ISO 6393, ISO 6394, ISO 6395 and ISO 6396Vibration lev
49、els of machineMetres per second squared (m/s2) see ISO/TR 25398 and ISO 5349-2Total useful life cost parameters (see 4.9)Economic Owning and operating costs versus productivity for the machine life cycleInformation on parameters to assist customers to estimate total useful life cost4.2 Work-site energy efficiencyThe work-site energy efficiency factor is defined as the energy used for the work done to complete the project. It is generally expressed in units of
