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    BS ISO 1087-2-2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Computer applications《术语工作 词汇 计算机应用》.pdf

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    BS ISO 1087-2-2000 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Computer applications《术语工作 词汇 计算机应用》.pdf

    1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 1087-2:2000 ICS 01

    2、.020; 01.040.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Terminology work Vocabulary Part 2: Computer applicationsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Management Systems Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standar

    3、ds Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 36009 1 BS ISO 1087-2:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 1087-2:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participat

    4、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TS/1, Terminology, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests in

    5、formed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this docu

    6、ment may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of B

    7、ritish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to viii, pages 1 to 26, an inside

    8、back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber Numroderfrence ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 1087-2 Firstedition Premiredition 2000-03-01 TerminologyworkVocabulary Part2

    9、: Computerapplications TravauxterminologiquesVocabulaire Partie2: ApplicationslogiciellesISO1087-2:2000(E/F) PrintedinSwitzerland/ImprimenSuisse ii ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)iii Contents Page Forewordv Introduction.vii 1 Scope1 2 Generalconcepts.1 3 Dataorganization.6 4 Filteringofterminologicaldata7 5 Cha

    10、racters9 6 Storingdata11 7 Informationretrieval13 8 Datahandling.15 9 Datavalidation.16 10 Operations18 11 Relatedfieldsofapplication.20 Bibliography21 Alphabeticalindex23ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) iv Sommaire Page Avant-proposvi Introductionviii 1 Domainedapplication.1 2 Conceptsgnraux1 3 Organisationdesd

    11、onnes6 4 Filtragedesdonnesterminologiques7 5 Caractres.9 6 Stockagedesdonnes11 7 Recherchedocumentaire13 8 Manipulationdesdonnes15 9 Validationdesdonnes.16 10 Oprations18 11 Domainesdapplicationassocis20 Bibliographie.21 Indexalphabtique.25ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)v Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizati

    12、onforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.

    13、Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirecti

    14、ves,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthispartofISO1087maybethesubjectofpatent

    15、 rights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO1087-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC37, Terminology (principles and coordination), Subcommittee SC 3, Computer applications. ThispartofISO1087cancelsandreplacesISO1087:1990,clause7.ISO1087-1,wh

    16、ichisbeingprepared,will constituteatechnicalrevisionoftheotherclausesofISO1087:1990. ISO1087consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitle Terminology work Vocabulary: Part 1: Theory and application Part 2: Computer applicationsISO1087-2:2000(E/F) vi Avant-propos LISO(Organisationinternationaleden

    17、ormalisation)estunefdrationmondialedorganismesnationauxde normalisation(comitsmembresdelISO).LlaborationdesNormesinternationalesestengnralconfieaux comitstechniquesdelISO.Chaquecomitmembreintressparunetudealedroitdefairepartieducomit techniquecrceteffet.Lesorganisationsinternationales,gouvernemental

    18、esetnongouvernementales,en liaisonaveclISOparticipentgalementauxtravaux.LISOcollaboretroitementaveclaCommission lectrotechniqueinternationale(CEI)encequiconcernelanormalisationlectrotechnique. LesNormesinternationalessontrdigesconformmentauxrglesdonnesdanslesDirectivesISO/CEI,Partie3. LesprojetsdeNo

    19、rmesinternationalesadoptsparlescomitstechniquessontsoumisauxcomitsmembrespour vote.LeurpublicationcommeNormesinternationalesrequiertlapprobationde75%aumoinsdescomits membresvotants. LattentionestappelesurlefaitquecertainsdeslmentsdelaprsentepartiedelISO1087peuventfaire lobjetdedroitsdepropritintelle

    20、ctuelleoudedroitsanalogues.LISOnesauraittretenuepourresponsablede nepasavoiridentifidetelsdroitsdepropritetavertideleurexistence. LaNormeinternationaleISO1087-2atlaboreparlecomittechniqueISO/TC37, Terminologie (principes et coordination), sous-comit SC 3, Terminotique. LaprsentepartiedelISO1087annul

    21、eetremplacelISO1087:1990,article7.LISO1087-1,actuellementen coursdlaboration,constitueraunervisiontechniquedesautresarticlesdelISO1087:1990. LISO1087comprendlespartiessuivantes,prsentessousletitregnral Travaux terminologiques Vocabulaire: Partie 1: Thorie et application Partie 2: Applications logici

    22、ellesISO1087-2:2000(E/F)vii Introduction Thetermsofthisinternationalterminologystandardaregiveninaclusteredorderingsubsumedunderafew generalheadings.Usually,termsnecessaryforthedefinitionofothertermsareprecedingtheentriesofthelatter. Forconvenienceofuse,however,analphabeticalindexistobefoundattheend

    23、ofthispartofISO1087. ThelayoutisdesignedaccordingtoISO10241.Thus,theelementsofanentryappearinthefollowingorder: entrynumber preferredterm(boldface),wordclass shortform(boldface) admittedterm deprecatedterm:labelled“(deprecated)” subjectfield betweenanglebrackets definition examples notes U V | | W |

    24、 | referencetoanotherentryinboldfacefollowedbyentrynumberinbrackets,whenitisfirst mentioned Exceptforentrynumber,preferredtermanddefinition,elementsappearonlywhereappropriate. Entriesarenounsexceptwherestatedotherwise.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) viii Introduction LestermesdelaprsenteNormeinternationaletermi

    25、nologiquesontclasssparthmedansplusieurssous- groupesgnraux.Enprincipe,lestermesquientrentdansladfinitiondautrestermesprcdentlesentresde cesderniers.Nanmoins,pourdesraisonspratiques,unindexalphabtiqueestfournilafindelaprsentepartie delISO1087. LastructureesttablieconformmentlISO10241.Leslmentsdechaqu

    26、eentresontaffichsdanslordre suivant: lenumrodentre letermeprivilgi(engras),laclassedemots labrviation(engras) le(s)terme(s)admis letermerejet,indiqupar(rejet) ledomaine affichentrecessignes unedfinition desexemples desnotes U V | | W | | unerfrenceuneautreentre,engrasetsuivieparlenumrodentreentre pa

    27、renthses,quandelleestmentionnelapremirefois lexceptiondunumrodentre,toujoursaffich,letermeprivilgietlesdiffrentslmentsdeladfinitionne sontindiqusquelorsquecelaestncessaire. Saufindicationcontraire,lesentressontdesnoms.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD NORMEINTERNATIONALE ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)1 Terminologywork Voc

    28、abulary Part2: Computerapplications Travauxterminologiques Vocabulaire Partie2: Applicationslogicielles 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms for languageandinformationprocessingforapplications interminologyworkandterminography. 1 Domainedapplication LaprsenteNormeinternationaledfinitles

    29、termes utilisspourletraitementdulangageetdelinfor- mationdanslesapplicationslieslaterminologieet laterminographie. 2 Generalconcepts 2.1 information informationprocessing knowledgeconcerningsuch thingsasfacts,concepts,objects,events,ideas NOTE1 AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. NOTE2 Informationisdefineddi

    30、fferentlyin other applicationareas. 2 Conceptsgnraux 2.1 information traitementdelinformation connaissancedlments telsquedesfaits,desconcepts,desobjets,des vnementsetdesides NOTE1 AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993. NOTE2 Letermeinformationestdfinidiffremment dansdautresdomainesdapplication. 2.2 data representa

    31、tionofinformation(2.1)inaformalized mannersuitableforcommunication,interpretation, storingorprocessing NOTE AdaptedfromISO/IEC2382-1:1993. 2.2 donne informations(2.1)reprsentessousuneforme conventionnelleconvenantlacommunication, linterprtation,austockageouautraitement NOTE AdaptdelISO/CEI2382-1:199

    32、3. 2.3 data processing DP systematicperformanceofoperationsupondata(2.2) EXAMPLE Arithmeticorlogicoperationsupondata (2.2),merging(8.5)orsorting(8.4)ofdata,assemblingor compilingofprograms,oroperationsontext(2.6),suchas textediting(11.3),sorting,merging,storing,retrieving, displaying(8.6),orprinting

    33、. 2.3 traitement des donnes droulement systmatique doprations sur des donnes(2.2) EXEMPLE Oprationsarithmtiquesoulogiquessur desdonnes(2.2),fusion(8.5)outri(8.4)dedonnes, assemblageoucompilationdeprogrammes,ouoprations surdutexte(2.6)commelditiondetexte(11.3),letri,la fusion,lestockage,larecherche,l

    34、affichage(8.6)ou limpression.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F) 2 NOTE Thetermshouldnotbeusedasasynonymfor informationprocessing(2.4). ISO2382-1:1993 NOTE Ilconvientquecetermenesoitpasutilis commeunsynonymedutermetraitementdelinformation (2.4). ISO2382-1:1993 2.4 information processing systematicperformanceofopera

    35、tionsuponinfor- mation(2.1)thatincludesdataprocessing(2.3) NOTE1 Thetermmustnotbeusedasasynonymfor dataprocessing(2.3). NOTE2 AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. 2.4 traitement de linformation droulementsystmatiquedoprationssurdesinfor- mations(2.1),incluantgalementletraitementde donnes(2.3) NOTE1 Ilconvient

    36、quecetermenesoitpasutilis commeunsynonymedutermetraitementdesdonnes (2.3). NOTE2 AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993. 2.5 language processing informationprocessing(2.4)onlanguage EXAMPLE Proofreading:proofreadingcanbecarried outintellectuallyandbyusingaspell-checker.Both operationsarecomplementary. 2.5 traitemen

    37、t du langage traitementdelinformation(2.4)surlelangage EXEMPLE Lacorrectionduntextepeuttreralise intellectuellementouenutilisantuncorrecteurorthogra- phique.Cesdeuxoprationssontcomplmentaires. 2.6 text data(2.2)intheformofcharacters(5.1),symbols, words,phrases,paragraphs,sentences,tables,or othercha

    38、racterarrangements,intendedtoconveya meaning,andwhoseinterpretationisessentially basedupontheknowledgeofsomenaturalorartificial language NOTE AdaptedfromISO2382-1:1993. 2.6 texte donnes(2.2)souslaformedecaractres(5.1),de symboles,demots,dephrases,deparagraphes,de tableaux,oudetoutautredispositiondec

    39、aractres, dontlobjectifestdevhiculerdusens,etdont linterprtation repose essentiellement sur la connaissancedunlangagenaturelouartificiel NOTE AdaptdelISO2382-1:1993 2.7 text corpus corpus language engineering systematic collection of machine-readabletexts(seealso6.4)orpartsoftext prepared,codedandst

    40、oredaccordingtopredefined rules NOTE1 Atextcorpusmaybelimitedaccordingto aspectsofsubjectfields,sizeortime,e.g.mathematical texts,certainperiodicalsfrom1986onwards.Itisusedas sourcematerialforfurtherlinguisticanalysisorterminology work. NOTE2 SeealsoISO1087-1. 2.7 corpus de textes corpus ingnierieli

    41、nguistique regroupementsystmatique de textes exploitables par une machine (voir galement:6.4)oudefragmentsdetexteprpars, codsetstocksselondesrglesprdfinies NOTE1 Uncorpusdetextespeutneregrouperqueles textescorrespondantcertainesdescaractristiquesdu domainetudi,tellesquelatailleoulapriode,par exemple

    42、textesmathmatiques,priodiquesspcifiques parusdepuis1986.Uncorpusestutiliscommelematriau sourcepartirduquelpeuventtreralissdesanalyses linguistiquesoudestravauxdeterminologie. NOTE2 VoiraussilISO1087-1.ISO1087-2:2000(E/F)3 2.8 type languageengineering linguisticunitinatext(2.6) representingadefinedcl

    43、ass NOTE Suchlinguisticunitsareusuallycharacter strings(5.13)uninterruptedbydelimiters(2.10). 2.8 type ingnierielinguistique unitlinguistiquedansun texte(2.6)reprsentantuneclassedfinie NOTE Cesunitslinguistiquessontgnralementdes chanesdecaractres(5.13)noninterrompuespardes dlimiteurs(2.10). 2.! to“e

    44、n natural-languageprocessing occurrenceofatype (2.8) EXAMPLE Iftheclassisdefinedasallwordforms (2.11)of“good”,thenalltheoccurrencesofthewordforms “good”,“better”and“best”aretokens. 2.! occurrence traitementenlangagenaturel nombredefoiso apparatuntype(2.8) EXEMPLE Silaclasseestdfiniecommelensemble de

    45、sformeslexicales(2.11)dumotbon,alorstoutesles occasionsoapparaissentlesformeslexicalesbonet meilleursontdesoccurrences. 2.1# delimiter separator oneormorecharacters(5.1)usedtoindicatethe beginningortheendofacharacterstring(5.13) ISO2382-4:1987 NOTE Blanksorpunctuationmarksoftenfunctionas delimiters.

    46、 2.1# dlimiteur sparateur unouplusieurscaractres(5.1)utilisspourmarquer ledbutoulafindunechanedecaractres(5.13) ISO2382-4:1987 NOTE Lesblancsoulessignesdeponctuationsont souventutilisscommedlimiteurs. 2.11 $ord form morphosyntacticalvariantofagivenword EXAMPLE Indicate:indicates,visitor:visitors,vis

    47、itors. NOTE Ininflectinglanguages,wordformsareoften equivalenttoinflectedformse.g.“go”,“goes”;butalso:“go”, “went”,“gone”. 2.11 forme lexicale variantemorphosyntaxiquedunmotdonn EXEMPLE Indiquer:indiquons,indiquant;instituteur: instituteurs,institutrices NOTE Dansleslangagesconjugus,lesformes lexica

    48、lescorrespondentsouventauxformesconjugues, parexempletre,est,maisaussitre,fut,t. 2.12 paradigm natural-languageprocessing classofwordforms (2.11)belongingtoagivenwordormulti-wordterm (2.14) EXAMPLE Sell,sells,sold,selling 2.12 paradigme traitementenlangagenaturel classedeformes lexicales(2.11)serapportantunmotsimpleou untermecompos(2.14) EXEMPLE Dormir,dort,dormi,dormant 2.13 %ase form referenceform wordform(2.11)chosenaccordingtolexicographical conventionsrepresentingtheformsofaparadigm (2.12)


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