1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Method for determining the transition resistance on aluminium and steel materialThe European Standa
2、rd EN ISO 18594:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 25.160.10Resistance spot-, projection- and seam-welding BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 18594:2007BS EN ISO 18594:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 2007I
3、SBN 978 0 580 50840 0Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implem
4、entation of EN ISO 18594:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/29, Resistance welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi
5、sions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 18594March 2007ICS 25.160.10English VersionResistance spot-, projection- and seam-welding - Method fordetermining the transition resistance on aluminium and steelmaterial (ISO 18594:2007)Soudage par rsistance par points, par bossage et
6、 lamolette - Mthode pour la dtermination de la rsistance detransition sur laluminium et sur lacier (ISO 18594:2007)Widerstandspunkt-, Buckel- und Rollennahtschweien -Verfahren fr das Bestimmen des bergangswiderstandsvon Aluminium- und Stahlwerkstoffen (ISO 18594:2007)This European Standard was appro
7、ved by CEN on 17 February 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationals
8、tandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
9、 to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
10、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation
11、in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 18594:2007: EForeword This document (EN ISO 18594:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding“, the secret
12、ariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. According to t
13、he CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
14、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18594:2007 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18594:2007 without any modifications. EN ISO 18594:2007Reference numberISO 18594
15、:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18594First edition2007-03-01Resistance spot-, projection- and seam-welding Method for determining the transition resistance on aluminium and steel material Soudage par rsistance par points, par bossages et la molette Mthode pour la dtermination de la rsistance de tr
16、ansition sur laluminium et sur lacier EN ISO 18594:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Basic principles 2 4 Measurement. 2 4.1 Measuring set-up 2 4.2 Measurement procedure 5 5 Test equipment . 6 6 Formulae and abbreviations for calculating the transition resi
17、stance . 7 7 Test report . 8 Annex A (informative) Test report 9 Bibliography . 11 EN ISO 18594:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normal
18、ly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
19、 work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare I
20、nternational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o
21、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18594 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 6, Resistance welding. Requests for official in
22、terpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 6 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org. EN ISO 18594:20071Resistance spot-, projection- and seam-welding Method for determining
23、 the transition resistance on aluminium and steel material 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the procedure and the experimental set-up for determining the transition resistance of a single sheet or two overlapping sheets of aluminium or steel, with or without surface treatment, and with
24、or without surface coating. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 contact resistance electric property of a contact area between two bodies which opposes and limits the passage through it of a steady current EXAMPLE The contacts bet
25、ween electrode/electrode, electrode/sheet and sheet/sheet. 2.2 bulk resistance ohmic resistance of an electrical conductor 2.3 total resistance R electrical resistance as measured between the sensing clamps (includes both bulk and contact resistances) See Figure 1 and Figure 2. 2.4 set-up resistance
26、 Rsresistance of the experimental set-up between the sensing clamps without metal sheet(s) between the electrodes, the two electrodes being in direct contact See Figure 2 b), (R0+R1+R7). 2.5 transition resistance Rttotal resistance minus the set-up resistance EN ISO 18594:20072 3 Basic principles Fi
27、gure 1 shows schematically the resistances in the weld zone of the spot welding process. The contact resistances are not directly accessible to measurement. Key FEelectrode force 1 bulk resistance of top electrode, R12 contact resistance top electrode/upper sheet, R23 bulk resistance of upper sheet,
28、 R34 contact resistance sheet/sheet, R45 bulk resistance of lower sheet, R56 contact resistance lower sheet/bottom electrode, R67 bulk resistance of bottom electrode, R7Figure 1 Resistance (schematic illustration) 4 Measurement 4.1 Measuring set-up Figure 2 a) shows schematically the experimental se
29、t-up for the determination of the transition resistance with one metal sheet between the electrodes. The total resistance is measured by means of the voltage/potential drop between the two sensing clamps. Either one or two specimens are placed between the electrodes, the electrode force is applied a
30、nd a rectified current from an external source is allowed to flow through the test pieces via the electrodes. The voltage drop between the sensing clamps is measured and the total resistance calculated using Ohms law: URI= (1) EN ISO 18594:20073where R is the total resistance, in ohms; U is the volt
31、age, in volts; I is the current, in amperes. The resistance of the experimental set-up, or set-up resistance, is obtained by measuring the voltage drop between the sensing clamps without any test pieces between the electrodes see Figure 2 b). The set-up resistance comprises the bulk resistance of th
32、e electrodes between the sensing clamps and the contact resistance between the electrodes. In the case of single metal sheet measurements, the total resistance consists of the bulk resistances of the top and bottom electrodes between the sensing clamps (R1, R7), the contact resistances (R2, R6) and
33、the bulk resistance of the sheet (R3) see Figure 2 c). The total resistance, in the case of two-sheet measurements, consists of the bulk resistances of the top and bottom electrodes between the sensing clamps (R1, R7), the contact resistances (R2, R4, R6) and bulk resistances of the two-sheets (R3,
34、R5) see Figure 2 d). EN ISO 18594:20074 Key 1 electrode 4 d.c. current source 2 sheet FEelectrode force 3 voltmeter I current a) Set-up for determining the transition resistance Key FEelectrode force I current R0contact resistance R1; R7bulk resistance Key FEelectrode force I current R1; R3; R7; bul
35、k resistance R2; R6contact resistance Key FEelectrode force I current R1; R3; R5; R7bulk resistance R2; R4; R6contact resistance b) Measurement of the set-up resistance c) Single-sheet measurement d) Two-sheet measurement Figure 2 Experimental set-up for determining the transition resistance EN ISO
36、18594:200754.2 Measurement procedure 4.2.1 Preparatory steps Test pieces, e.g. of a size 50 mm 100 mm, are taken from each material to be investigated. Surface conditions which do not correspond to production conditions in the measurement area (e.g. dirt, scratches, fingerprints) are not permitted.
37、Normal surface conditions (e.g. oiled, phosphated, conversion coated) shall be documented in the test report. In the case of two-sheet measurements, the specimens shall be flat. Burrs are not admissible at the sheet-to-sheet interface. Before starting the test, both the measuring set-up and the shee
38、t material shall be at ambient conditions. In the case of two-sheet measurements, it is recommended that the upper and lower surfaces of each metal sheet are marked with “A” and “B” respectively. It is further recommended that test runs with the following combinations are carried out: A-B/B-A, B-A/A
39、-B, and A-B/A-B. During a single test series, the surface position of the test pieces shall not be changed. 4.2.2 Determination of the set-up resistance The experimental set-up is used as shown in Figure 2. The set-up resistance shall be measured, as described under 4.1, after the electrodes are bro
40、ught together. The electrode speed shall not exceed 15 mm/s at contact, and the dynamic electrode force shall not exceed the set force. The set-up resistance shall be measured before and after each test series. For this purpose, the electrodes shall be prepared using emery paper with a grain size of
41、 1 200, first the top electrode and then the bottom one. Any dust shall be removed using a clean, dry tissue or micro-fibre cloth. The electrodes are then brought together and the set-up resistance measured as described above. Since the set-up resistance can change during a test series due to pick-u
42、p on the working faces, the set-up resistance values shall be determined both before and after each test series. The set-up resistance for the test series is the mean value of the two measurements. 4.2.3 Measuring the total resistance A minimum of seven measurements shall be carried out at different
43、 locations on each test piece (see 4.2.1). In order to make the seven measurements on each test series, the specimen shall be positioned between the electrodes and the electrode force applied. After the nominal value of the electrode force is reached, the d.c. power source is switched on and the vol
44、tage drop measured after an elapsed time of (15 1) s. The location of the measuring points shall be selected such that the distance centre-to-centre and centre-to-specimen edge is greater than, or equal to, 15 mm (see Figure 3). EN ISO 18594:20076 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 3 Example for the l
45、ocation of the measuring points The test pieces shall be positioned perpendicular to the axis of the electrodes. No relative movement between the electrode working faces and the specimen surface, e.g. vibration, rotation or sliding, is permitted. The total resistance of the test series is the mean v
46、alue of a minimum of seven measurements. Since the contact resistance on a sheet or a component can vary from location to location, it is recommended that for representative results at least five test pieces are taken from different locations. 4.2.4 Determining the transition resistance The transiti
47、on resistance of a test series is the difference between the total resistance and the set-up resistance of the test series. The mean value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation shall be calculated in accordance with Clause 6 see Equations (6), (7) and (8), using the results of at
48、least five test pieces. 5 Test equipment The mechanical system shall have a high stiffness in order to minimise a sliding of the electrode working faces. The eccentricity of the electrode axes shall not exceed 0,1 mm. The distance between the introduction of the current and the sensing clamps shall
49、be greater than 15 mm. If electrode caps are used, the sensing clamps shall be applied to the electrodes. Instead of the separate d.c. power source and the digital voltmeter, a precision resistance meter may also be used. For details of the test equipment and set-up conditions to be used see Table 1. EN ISO 18594:20077Table 1 Test equipment and set-up conditions Measuring and testing equipment Aluminium Steel Force-generating system set-up force maximum error 5 kN to 7,5 kNa 5 % 3,5 k
