1、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIg49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58b
2、iasICS 71.040.40Gas analysis Investigation and treatment of analytical BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 15796:2008BS EN ISO 15796:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Pol
3、icy andStrategy Committee on 5 September 2005 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 65014 7Amendments corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2009 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 15796:2005 asBS EN ISO 15796:2008contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Britis
4、h Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 15796:2008. It is identical with ISO 15796:2005. It supersedes BS ISO 15796:2005, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
5、Committee PTI/15, Natural gas and gas analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 15796August 2008ICS 71
6、.040.40English VersionGas analysis - Investigation and treatment of analytical bias(ISO 15796:2005)Analyse des gaz - Investigation et traitement des biaisanalytiques (ISO 15796:2005)Gasanalyse - Untersuchung und Behandlung vonsystematischen Abweichungen (ISO 15796:2005)This European Standard was app
7、roved by CEN on 30 July 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalsta
8、ndards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified t
9、o the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neth
10、erlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in
11、 any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 15796:2008: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN ISO 15796:2008 (E) Foreword The text of ISO 15796:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO
12、/TC 158 “Analysis of gases” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15796:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/SS N21 “Gaseous fuels and combustible gas” the secretariat of which is held by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na
13、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
14、patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
15、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of I
16、SO 15796:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15796:2008 without any modification. ii EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIiiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Symbols
17、. 3 4 Bias related to instrumental drift. 4 4.1 Principle . 4 4.2 Stability monitoring 4 4.3 Drift correction 6 5 Bias related to effects of sample composition 10 5.1 Principles . 10 5.2 Local bias handling. 11 5.3 Bias handling for an extended measuring range 23 6 Treatment of matrix interferences.
18、 27 Annex A (normative) Critical values for the trend test 29 Annex B (informative) Uncertainty issues . 30 Bibliography . 33 EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIiv Foreword ISO (the International
19、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
20、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
21、ation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
22、ng. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
23、 patent rights. ISO 15796 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 158, Analysis of gases. EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIvIntroduction Traceability is considered as one of the key items of
24、 quality assurance in gas analysis. In general, it is defined by the existence of unbroken chains of comparisons, relating the analytical result to acknowledged standards of measurement. More specifically, an analytical result is considered traceable if, by way of these comparisons, it has been demo
25、nstrated to be free of significant bias, significance referring to the specified uncertainty of the result. As a rule, traceability is not demonstrated individually for a single analytical result but for a defined analytical procedure with specified ranges of analyte concentration and matrix composi
26、tion. An analytical procedure is considered traceable if it has been demonstrated to be free of significant bias, or if significant bias has been corrected, by measurement on representative samples of known traceable composition. These may be samples of appropriate reference gas mixtures. Alternativ
27、ely, other representative samples may be analysed in parallel using an accepted reference procedure. This International Standard provides generic methods for demonstrating, or establishing, traceability of analytical procedures using reference gas mixtures or reference analytical procedures, impleme
28、nting principles laid out in ISO 14111 1and ISO/TS 14167 2, and respecting the principles of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) 3. In this International Standard, the term “concentration” is used for two different purposes: as a general term for quantities measured in ga
29、s composition analysis, replacing the term “content” (see ISO 7504 4); as a generic substitute for any of the specific quantities measured in gas composition analysis such as the mass concentration or the mole fraction of a specified analyte (see ISO 75044). EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BS
30、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIblankLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI1Gas analysis Investigation and treatment of analytical bias 1 Scope This International Standard
31、specifies generic methods for detecting and correcting bias (systematic errors) of analytical procedures for the analysis of gases, using reference gas mixtures or reference analytical procedures, as well as for estimating the correction uncertainty. The main sources of (and parameters affecting) bi
32、as of analytical procedures are instrumental drift (time) and matrix interferences (matrix composition). Moreover, bias normally varies with analyte concentration. This International Standard therefore establishes protocols for detecting and correcting drift for an analytical system of limited stabi
33、lity, investigating and handling bias of a stable analytical system for a specified range of sample composition, which are intended to be used in method development and method validation studies, either separately or sequentially. This International Standard specifies procedures for two options, app
34、licable to systematic effects, as follows: a) tracing the observed pattern of deviations and correcting for their effect, b) averaging over their effects and increasing the uncertainty, where normally the first option entails lower uncertainty at the expense of higher effort. For the convenience of
35、the user, the methods specified in this International Standard are described for procedures of composition analysis, i.e. procedures for measuring the concentration of a specified analyte in a gas mixture. However, they are equally applicable to measurements of physico-chemical properties of a gas o
36、r gas mixture relevant to gas analysis, and translation into this subject field is straightforward. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 bias estimate of systematic error NOTE Since the true value of a measurand cannot be known exa
37、ctly, systematic errors cannot be determined exactly but have to be estimated using reference values. 2.2 correction procedure by which the uncorrected result of a measurement is adjusted to compensate for systematic error NOTE 1 Since systematic errors cannot be determined exactly, a correction can
38、 never be complete. NOTE 2 In the VIM5, the term correction is used with a different meaning. EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI2 2.3 uncertainty parameter, associated with the result of a measu
39、rement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand GUM:19933, definition 2.3.2 2.4 traceability property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or internation
40、al standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons VIM:19935, definition 6.10 NOTE In ISO 141111, the term traceability is defined as the ability to provide evidence of the overall accuracy attributed to measurement results through documented calibrations, using measurement standards of known ac
41、curacy and comparison measurements of known performance. 2.5 reference value estimate of a quantity, with sufficiently well established traceability and specified uncertainty, used as a reference for a specified purpose NOTE In gas analysis, reference values of composition or physico-chemical proper
42、ties are most often provided by reference gas mixtures and reference analytical procedures. 2.6 reference gas mixture calibration gas mixture whose composition is sufficiently well established and stable to be used as a reference standard of composition from which other composition data are derived
43、ISO 7504:20014, definition 4.1.1 2.7 reference analytical procedure analytical procedure which is capable of providing traceable results with sufficiently well established uncertainty for use as reference values 2.8 drift slow change of output, at constant input, of a measuring system 2.9 stability
44、of a measuring system absence of significant drift 2.10 matrix interference change in analytical response for a specified analyte, caused by variations in matrix composition EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled
45、 Copy, (c) BSI33 Symbols A, B specified drift-control mixtures biparameters of a bias correction model deviation (from a reference value) I interferent under consideration M gas mixture under consideration m, n, N number of data in a data series p number of correction parameters Q recovery (with res
46、pect to a reference value) r number of reference gas mixtures used for bias investigation Rireference gas mixtures used for bias investigation s standard deviation of a data series srrelative standard deviation of a data series (coefficient of variation) s2variance of a data series t time u(x) stand
47、ard uncertainty of an estimated quantity x u2(x) variance of an estimated quantity x ur(x) relative standard uncertainty of an estimated quantity x u(x, y) covariance between two estimated quantities x and y x, y quantity under consideration x mean value of several quantities xiX analyte under consi
48、deration 2mean-square successive difference of a data series EN ISO 15796:2008 (E) EN ISO 15796:2008BSLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 17/09/2009 08:18, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI4 4 Bias related to instrumental drift 4.1 Principle This clause specifies procedures for investiga
49、ting potential drift of an analytical system and taking corrective actions, if significant drift is encountered. If the analytical system is expected to be stable, a “drift-control mixture” is measured on a regular basis. For each specified analyte, the results are recorded on a control chart, and the time series of control data is examined continuously. As long as these data vary at random within established control limits, the analytical system has been demonstrated to be stable. Monotonic decrease or increase in control data indicates
