1、BSI Standards PublicationElectric strength of insulatingmaterials Test methodsPart 1: Tests at power frequenciesBS EN 60243-1:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60243-1:2013. It isidentical to IEC 60243-1:2013. It supersedes BS EN 60243-1:1998 which iswithdrawn
2、.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/112, Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulatingmaterials and systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inclu
3、de all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77742 4ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.
4、This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60243-1:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60243-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM July 2013 CENELEC Europea
5、n Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENEL
6、EC members. Ref. No. EN 60243-1:2013 E ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 Supersedes EN 60243-1:1998 English version Electric strength of insulating materials - Test methods - Part 1: Tests at power frequencies (IEC 60243-1:2013) Rigidit dilectrique des matriaux isolants - Mthodes dessai - Partie 1: Essais au
7、x frquences industrielles (CEI 60243-1:2013) Elektrische Durchschlagfestigkeit von isolierenden Werkstoffen - Prfverfahren - Teil 1: Prfungen bei technischen Frequenzen (IEC 60243-1:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-04-30. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/C
8、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centr
9、e or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status
10、 as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
11、Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60243-1:2013EN 60243-1:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 112/237/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60243-1, prepared by IEC/TC 112 “Evaluatio
12、n and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60243-1:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical natio
13、nal standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-01-30 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-04-30 This document supersedes EN 60243-1:1998. EN 60243-1:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 60243-1:19
14、98: The significant technical change with respect to the previous edition is that the current version now includes an option for testing elastomeric materials. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN sha
15、ll not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60243-1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added
16、for the standard indicated : IEC 60674-2 NOTE Harmonised as EN 60674-2. BS EN 60243-1:2013- 3 - EN 60243-1:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referen
17、ced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modificat
18、ions, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60212 - Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical insulating materials EN 60212 - IEC 60296 - Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils fo
19、r transformers and switchgear EN 60296 - IEC 60455-2 - Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test EN 60455-2 - IEC 60464-2 - Varnishes used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test EN 60464-2 - IEC 60684-2 - Flexible insulating sleeving - Part
20、2: Methods of test EN 60684-2 - IEC 60836 - Specifications for unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical purposes EN 60836 - IEC 61099 - Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes EN 61099 - ISO 293 - Plastics - Compression moulding
21、of test specimens of thermoplastic materials EN ISO 293 - ISO 294-1 - Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens EN ISO 294-1 - ISO 294-3 - Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimen
22、s of thermoplastic materials - Part 3: Small plates EN ISO 294-3 - ISO 295 - Plastics - Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials EN ISO 295 - ISO 10724 Series Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds (PMCs) EN ISO 10724 Serie
23、s BS EN 60243-1:2013 2 60243-1 IEC:2013 CONTENTS 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Significance of the test . 7 5 Electrodes and specimens 8 5.1 General . 8 5.2 Tests perpendicular to the surface of non-laminated materials and normal to laminate of laminated materi
24、als . 8 5.2.1 Boards and sheet materials, including pressboards, papers, fabrics and films 8 5.2.2 Tapes, films and narrow strips . 9 5.2.3 Flexible tubing and sleeving 9 5.2.4 Rigid tubes (having an internal diameter up to and including 100 mm) . 9 5.2.5 Tubes and hollow cylinders (having an intern
25、al diameter greater than 100 mm) 10 5.2.6 Cast and moulded materials 10 5.2.7 Shaped solid pieces 11 5.2.8 Varnishes 11 5.2.9 Filling compounds 11 5.3 Tests parallel to the surface of non-laminated materials and parallel to the laminate of laminated materials . 11 5.3.1 General . 11 5.3.2 Parallel p
26、late electrodes 11 5.3.3 Taper pin electrodes 12 5.3.4 Parallel cylindrical electrodes 12 5.4 Test specimens . 12 5.5 Distance between electrodes . 12 6 Conditioning before tests 13 7 Surrounding medium 13 7.1 General . 13 7.2 Tests in air at elevated temperature 13 7.3 Tests in liquids 13 7.4 Tests
27、 in solid materials 14 8 Electrical apparatus 14 8.1 Voltage source 14 8.2 Voltage measurement 14 9 Procedure. 15 10 Mode of increase of voltage 15 10.1 Short-time (rapid-rise) test . 15 10.2 20 s step-by-step test 16 10.3 Slow rate-of-rise test (120 s. 240 s) . 16 10.4 60 s step-by-step test 17 10.
28、5 Very slow rate-of-rise test (300 s. 600 s) . 17 10.6 Proof tests . 17 11 Criterion of breakdown . 17 12 Number of tests 18 BS EN 60243-1:201360243-1 IEC:2013 3 13 Report 18 Annex A (informative) Treatment of experimental data . 25 Bibliography 26 Figure 1 Electrode arrangements for tests on boards
29、 and sheets perpendicular to the surface . 19 Figure 2 Typical example of electrode arrangement for tests on tapes perpendicular to the surface (see 5.2.2) 20 Figure 3 Electrode arrangement for tests perpendicular to the surface on tubes and cylinders with internal diameter greater than 100 mm 20 Fi
30、gure 4 Electrode arrangement for tests on casting and moulding materials (diameter of the spherical electrodes: d = (20 0,1) mm) . 21 Figure 5 Electrode arrangement for test on shaped insulating parts (see 5.2.7) . 21 Figure 6 Electrode arrangement for tests parallel to the surface (and along the la
31、minae, if present) . 22 Figure 7 Electrode arrangement for tests parallel to the surface (and along the laminae if present) 23 Figure 8 Arrangement for tests parallel to the laminae for boards more than 15 mm thick with parallel cylindrical electrodes (see 5.3.4) . 24 Table 1 Increments of voltage i
32、ncrease (kilovolts, peak / 2 ) . 16 BS EN 60243-1:2013 6 60243-1 IEC:2013 ELECTRIC STRENGTH OF INSULATING MATERIALS TEST METHODS Part 1: Tests at power frequencies 1 Scope This part of IEC 60243 provides test methods for the determination of short-time electric strength of solid insulating materials
33、 at power frequencies between 48 Hz and 62 Hz. This standard does not cover the testing of liquids and gases, although these are specified and used as impregnates or surrounding media for the solid insulating materials being tested. NOTE Methods for the determination of breakdown voltages along the
34、surfaces of solid insulating materials are included. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest ed
35、ition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60212, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electical insulating materials IEC 60296, Fluids for electrotechnical applications Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear IEC 6
36、0455-2, Specification for solventless polymerizable resinous compounds used for electrical insulation Part 2: Methods of test IEC 60464-2, Varnishes used for electrical insulation Part 2: Methods of test IEC 60684-2, Flexible insulating sleeving Part 2: Methods of test IEC 60836, Specifications for
37、unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical purposes IEC 61099, Insulating liquids Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes ISO 293, Plastics Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials ISO 294-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test
38、 specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens ISO 294-3, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 3: Small plates ISO 295, Plastics Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting mat
39、erials BS EN 60243-1:201360243-1 IEC:2013 7 ISO 10724 (all parts), Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermosetting powder moulding compounds (PMCs) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 electric breakdown severe loss
40、of the insulating properties of test specimens while exposed to electric stress, which causes the current in the test circuit to operate an appropriate circuit-breaker Note 1 to entry: Breakdown is often caused by partial discharges in the gas or liquid medium surrounding the test specimen and the e
41、lectrodes which puncture the specimen beyond the periphery of the smaller electrode (or of both electrodes, if of equal diameter). 3.2 flashover loss of the insulating properties of the gas or liquid medium surrounding a test specimen and electrodes while exposed to electric stress, which causes the
42、 current in the test circuit to operate an appropriate circuit-breaker Note 1 to entry: The presence of carbonized channels or punctures through the specimen distinguishes tests where breakdown occurred, from others where flashover occurred. 3.3 breakdown voltage 3.3.1 voltage at which a specimen su
43、ffers breakdown under the prescribed test conditions 3.3.2 highest voltage which a specimen withstands without breakdown for the duration of the time at that voltage level 3.4 electric strength quotient of the breakdown voltage and the distance between the electrodes between which the voltage is app
44、lied under the prescribed test conditions Note 1 to entry: The distance between the test electrodes is determined as specified in 5.5, unless otherwise specified. 4 Significance of the test Electric strength test results obtained in accordance with this standard are useful for detecting changes or d
45、eviations from normal characteristics resulting from processing variables, ageing conditions or other manufacturing or environmental situations. However, they are not intended for use in evaluating the behaviour of insulating materials in an actual application. Measured values of the electric streng
46、th of a material may be affected by many factors, including: a) Condition of test specimens 1) the thickness and homogeneity of the specimen and the presence of mechanical strain; 2) previous conditioning of the specimens, in particular drying and impregnation procedures; BS EN 60243-1:2013 8 60243-
47、1 IEC:2013 3) the presence of gaseous inclusions, moisture or other contamination. b) Test conditions 1) the frequency, waveform and rate of rise or time of application of the voltage; 2) the ambient temperature, pressure and humidity; 3) the configuration, the dimensions, and thermal conductivity o
48、f the test electrodes; 4) the electrical and thermal characteristics of the surrounding medium. The effects of all these factors shall be considered when investigating materials for which no experience exists. This standard defines particular conditions which give rapid discrimination between materi
49、als and which can be used for quality control and similar purposes. The results given by different methods are not directly comparable but each may provide information on relative electric strengths of materials. The electric strength of most materials decreases as the thickness of the specimen between the electrodes increases and as the time of voltage application increases. The measured electric strength of most materials is significantly affected by the intensity and the d
