1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16260:2012W a t e r q u a l i t y Visual seabed surveys using remotely operated and/or towed observation gear for collection of environmental dataBS EN 16260:2012 BRITISH S
2、TANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16260:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l Committee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.T
3、his publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012.ISBN 978 0 580 74440 2 ICS 13.060.45 Compliance with a British Standard cannot co
4、nfer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16260:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16260 Oc
5、tober 2012 ICS 13.060.45 English Version Water quality - Visual seabed surveys using remotely operated and/or towed observation gear for collection of environmental data Qualit de leau - tudes visuelles des fonds marins utilisant un matriel dobservation command distance et/ou tract pour la collecte
6、de donnes environnementalesWasserbeschaffenheit - Visuelle Meeresbodenuntersuchungen mittels ferngesteuerter Gerte und/oder Schleppgerten zur Erhebung von Umweltdaten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 September 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regula
7、tions which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member
8、. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN
9、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P
10、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and b
11、y any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16260:2012: EBS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 75 Equipment 85.1 General 85.2 Cameras and light 85.3 Sonar altimeter .8
12、5.4 Data recording equipment 86 Positioning .96.1 General 96.2 Calibration of positioning equipment 96.3 Positioning of the different types of survey .96.4 Underwater positioning 107 Collecting data 117.1 Quality assurance and quality control 117.2 Survey plan 117.3 Transect surveys 117.4 Pilot surv
13、ey 127.5 Mapping . 127.6 Trend monitoring 137.6.1 General . 137.6.2 Trend monitoring at fixed stations 137.6.3 Trend monitoring using video transects 147.7 Reference location 158 Image analysis 158.1 General . 158.2 Analyses of video sequences 158.3 Analyses of still images . 158.4 Seabed substrates
14、 168.5 Taxonomic identification . 168.6 Identification and quantification of organisms 178.7 Reporting and archiving 178.7.1 Field report 178.7.2 Survey report . 18Annex A (informative) Example for a fieldwork registration form for visual seabed surveys . 19Bibliography . 22BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:
15、2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16260:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at t
16、he latest by April 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al
17、l such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
18、Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 4 Introduction Information on t
19、he habitats, biotopes, substrates and species diversity on the seabed is an important part of ecosystem-based environmental management, and necessary in order to evaluate the consequences of various anthropogenic activities. Implementing European Directives and required monitoring of substrates and
20、species diversity will require documentation and monitoring of different types of seabed types using inter-comparable and generally non-destructive methods. Many seabed areas are difficult, if not impossible to investigate using traditional sampling such as grabs and dredges or may host fragile comm
21、unities such as cold-water coral reefs. Visual surveillance using geo-referenced positions is essential to allow revisiting of locations, documentation of environmental conditions and detection of changes in species composition which otherwise would be difficult to achieve. The equipment and methods
22、 described here may also be used in combination with acoustic equipment for seabed characterisation. The methods presented in this European Standard are particularly suitable for seabed mapping and monitoring at depths below depths achievable using traditional SCUBA diving, and in cases where safety
23、 or economical issues limit the use of SCUBA diving. They are also suitable for the description of distribution and occurrence of large and scattered organisms on substrates, where sampling with grabs do not provide representative results. For investigations on soft seabed substrate please refer to
24、EN ISO 16665 1 and for investigations on shallower hard seabed to EN ISO 19493 2. This European Standard is also suitable within the operational depth of SCUBA-diving, e.g. for large scale surveys and mapping of the seabed composition, characteristic plant and animal species occurrence and depth dis
25、tribution. Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and passive tethered observation platforms are used for mapping and environmental surveys of the seabed via video and still photographs. However, the methods used and the results obtained can be rather variable without proposed consideration of geographic
26、 positioning, taxonomic precision and quantification. It is therefore important that the methods used are standardised in order to compare results. WARNING Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory and fieldwork practice. This European Standard does not purport t
27、o address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard descri
28、bes methods, requirements and equipment for remote visual surveillance of organisms and the seabed using still photography and video recording to ensure precise and reproducible data. The main aims of the methods are to record or monitor seabed conditions and organisms on and just above the seabed i
29、n a reproducible way at a resolution that is appropriate to the aims of the survey. In caves and overhangs this standard may not be suitable due to technological limitations related to navigation and movement of the observation platform. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in
30、 part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14996, Water quality Guidance on assuring t
31、he quality of biological and ecological assessments in the aquatic environment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 sonar altimeter acoustic instrument measuring the elevation above seabed 3.2 box-in-test test to determine alignmen
32、t/attitude errors in the navigational data, involving four different positions of the vessel relative to a fixed transponder 3.3 drop camera video and/or still camera that is either lowered down to the seabed or suspended just above it, generally used for imaging at a single location, or manoeuvred
33、along a set transect using the ships propulsion system on the surface 3.4 frame grab still image obtained from video record 3.5 geographic precision accuracy with which a given point can be relocated within a geodetic reference system 3.6 geographic resolution lowest unit of measurement at which a g
34、eographic distribution can be reproduced BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 6 3.7 kalman filtration sequential smoothing method where the most likely result is achieved through a combination of earlier results using the relevant measuring point Note 1 to entry: This type of data filter is often integ
35、rated in navigation software packages, but can also be applied separately 3. 3.8 locality geographic description of a place or an area where samples are collected, covered by one or more sampling stations Note 1 to entry: Description is based on habitat, terrain, depth and name of geographic area. 3
36、.9 macrofauna animal species ranging from 1 mm to 50 mm 3.10 megafauna animal species larger than 50 mm 3.11 monitoring investigation via repeated sampling to record eventual changes in environmental conditions or community composition over time 3.12 morphological species organism that belong to a u
37、nidentified species that clearly can be distinguished from other observed, identified or unidentified species, and that may be described based on shape and colour and size 3.13 observation platform passive sampling gear comprising a supporting construction onto which a video camera and light and/or
38、a still camera (and environmental sensors if required) can be mounted Note 1 to entry: An observation platform can be tethered to a fixed point or towed. 3.14 PAL-standard analogue television colour encoding system used as a standard for video recording Note 1 to entry: Video format used in most Eur
39、opean countries 3.15 reference location location representing presumed natural environmental conditions 3.16 remotely operated vehicle ROV remotely operated motorised underwater vehicle equipped with video and/or still camera and often has the capacity to mount additional equipment such as sonar, en
40、vironmental probes, manipulator arms and sampling equipment BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 7 3.17 sample single photograph, frame grab or uninterrupted video sequence 3.18 sampling station geographically defined area where still photographs or video recordings are taken Note 1 to entry: Still pho
41、tographs cover a defined area, which for practical purposes can be represented by a point on a map. Video recordings carried out by means of a vehicle in motion cover a larger sampling area and the location of the start and end of the line become more important when repeating or relocating sampling
42、stations. Therefore, for video recordings, the starting point is used as the station position. Note 2 to entry: A station is defined by its geographic position, together with any additional information on features on the seabed (for example rocky outcrops or large stones) recognisable by either dire
43、ct observation or by acoustic surveillance (for example multi-beam echo-sounder or side-scan sonar). The station is delimited at the given level of precision. 3.19 still image single photograph or frame grab 3.20 spin-test test to identify navigational offset errors, involving rotation of the ship a
44、bove a fixed transponder 3.21 transect defined and continuous line or belt of pictures or video sequences across a delimited area Note 1 to entry: The position of the transect can be random or located to reveal different (various gradients of) environmental conditions (for example gradually increasi
45、ng depth etc.). 3.22 video sequence continuous part of a video film 4 Principle Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and passive tethered observation platforms are used for mapping and for environmental surveys of the seabed. Still photographs and video recordings are used in a variety of ways to obtai
46、n visual data for mapping and/or monitoring the seabed and organisms on or near the seabed. This European Standard gives guidance with respect to sampling strategies, geographic positioning, taxonomic identification and quantification and determination of seabed substrates and/or the organisms livin
47、g on or above the seabed. BS EN 16260:2012EN 16260:2012 (E) 8 5 Equipment 5.1 General The technical specifications for the equipment used shall be described when reporting the results. The requirements made for the equipment are dependent on the aims of the survey. For mapping and monitoring, a colo
48、ur camera should be used together with underwater positioning equipment. The positioning equipmen should have an appropriate error margin for the survey objectives with a minimum of 2 m, with a relative tolerance of + 5 % of the water depth (measured in metres) for depths equal or greater than 20 m
49、and 3 m, with a relative tolerance of + 3 % of the water depth for depths shallower than 20 m, respectively. EXAMPLE Water depth: 15 m appropriate error margin: 3 m + (15 m 0,03) 3,45 m Water depth: 40 m appropriate error margin: 2 m + (40 m 0,05) 4 m 5.2 Cameras and light Video recordings and still photographs should not contain electric or electronic noise. The minimum requirements of cameras (video recordings and still photographs) differ for the three types of i
