1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-18:2002 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the water method with vacuum The European Standard EN 993-18:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080 BS EN 993-18:2002 This British Sta
2、ndard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 September 2002 BSI 12 September 2002 ISBN 0 580 40385 8 National foreword This British Standard
3、is the official English language version of EN 993-18:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
4、secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic C
5、atalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understa
6、nd the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a
7、 front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN99318 Augu
8、st2002 ICS81.080 Englishversion MethodsoftestfordenseshapedrefractoryproductsPart18: Determinationofbulkdensityofgranularmaterialsbythewater methodwithvacuum Mthodesdessaipourproduitsrfractairesfaonns densesPartie18:Dterminationdelamassevolumique apparentedesmatriauxengrainsparlamthodeleau sousvide
9、PrfverfahrenfrdichtegeformtefeuerfesteErzeugnisse Teil18:BestimmungderRohdichteankrnigemGutnach demWasserverdrngungsverfahrenunterVakuum ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon5July2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an S
10、tandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadeby
11、tra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,N
12、orway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN9
13、9318:2002EEN99318:2002(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 3 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Testsamples 5 6.1 Preparationoftestsamples. .5 6.2 Numberoftestsamples 5 6.3 Massoftestsamples .5 7 Method 6 7.1 Determinationofthemassofdrytestsample( m 1 )6
14、 7.2 Impregnationofthetestsample. 6 7.3 Determinationoftheapparentmassoftheimmersedtestsample( m 5 )andthemassofthe impregnatedtestsample( m 3 ).6 8 Calculationofresults 7 8.1 Calculationofthevolumeofthetestsample( V R )7 8.2 Calculationofthebulkdensityofthetestsample( R )7 9 Testreport . .8 Bibliog
15、raphy 11EN99318:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN99318:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC187“Refractoryproducts andmaterials“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestby
16、February2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byFebruary2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,I
17、celand,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. EN993Methodsoftestfordenseshapedrefractoryproductsconsistsof20Parts: Part1: Determinationofbulkdensity,apparentporosityandtrueporosity. Part2: Determinationoftruedensity. Part3: Testmethod
18、sforcarboncontainingrefractories. Part4: Determinationofpermeabilitytogases. Part5: Determinationofcoldcrushingstrength. Part6: Determinationofmodulusofruptureatambienttemperature. Part7: Determinationofmodulusofruptureatelevatedtemperatures. Part8: Determinationofrefractorinessunderload. Part9: Det
19、erminationofcreepincompression. Part10: Determinationofpermanentchangeindimensionsonheating. Part11: Determinationofresistancetothermalshock(ENV). Part12: Determinationofpyrometricconeequivalent. Part13: Specificationforpyrometriccones. Part14: Determinationofthermalconductivity(hotwire,crossarray).
20、 Part15: Determinationofthermalconductivity(hotwire,parallel). Part16: Determinationofresistancetoacids. Part17: Determinationofbulkdensityofgranularmaterial(mercurymethod). Part18: Determinationofbulkdensityofgranularmaterial(watermethod). Part19: Determinationofresistancetothermalexpansion. Part20
21、: Determinationofresistancetoabrasionatambienttemperature. 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesamethodbasedonwaterabsorptionwithvacuumforthedeterminationofthebulk densityofgranularrefractorymaterials(grainbulkdensity)havingagrainsizegreaterthan2mm. NOTE1 Thismethodisproposedasanalternativetothemetho
22、dbasedonmercurydisplacementwithvacuumdescribedin EN99317whichistobeusedasthereferencemethodbecauseofitsreproducibility.However,mercuryisknowntobea hazardoussubstanceandthemethoddescribedinthisEuropeanStandardisrecommendedforallroutinepurposes. Nevertheless,dependingonthenatureofthematerialtested,the
23、twomethodsmaygivedifferentresults. NOTE2 Formaterialsthataresensitivetocontactwithwater,asuitableorganicliquidshouldbeused.Theimmersionliquid shouldnotfractionateatapressureabovetheabsolutepressureattainedinthetest.Forexample,distilledparaffincanbeu sed forhydratablematerials.EN99318:2002(E) 4 2 Nor
24、mativereferences Notapplicable. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 bulkdensityofagranularmaterial (grainbulkdensity) theratioofthemassofaquantityofthematerialtothetotalvolumeofitsgrains,includingthevolumeofanyclosed poreswithinthegrai
25、ns 3.2 closedpores poresthatarenotpenetratedundertheconditionsofthistestwhengrainsareimmersedinwater 4Principle Thefollowingaredeterminedbyweighing:themassofadryquantityofthegranularmaterial,thenitsapparentmass whenimmersedinwaterwithwhichithasbeenimpregnatedundervacuum,andthenitsmassinairwhilestill
26、soaked withwater. 5Apparatus 5.1 Dryingoven ,capableofbeingcontrolledto110 o C5 o C. NOTE Afanassistedovenwithventilationwouldassistinattaininganeventemperaturedistributionandefficientdryingof thetestpieces. 5.2 Balance,withanaccuracyof0,1gandascalegraduationof0,01gthatcanbearrangedsothatthetest sam
27、plescanbesuspendedinwater. 5.3 Smallcrucibles (orbeakers),tocontainthegranulartestsamples. 5.4 Beakers,ofasuitablesizetocontainthesamplecruciblesduringsoaking(see7.2)andwhendetermining theapparentimmersedmass. 5.5 Evacuatingequipment ,capableofreducingtheabsolutepressuretoavaluenotgreaterthan2 500Pa
28、and ameansofmeasuringthepressureused(seeFigure2). 5.6 Cotton cloth. 5.7 Distilledordeionizedwater. 5.8 Desiccator. EN99318:2002(E) 5 6 Testsamples 6.1Preparationoftestsamples Thematerialtobetestedshallconsistoffractionsorgroupsoffractionsofgrains.However,laboratorysamplesshall beproducedfromthesefra
29、ctionsbysievingandcomminutiontoobtainagrainsizebetween2mmand5,6mm. NOTE Anydustorlooseparticlesadheringtothegrainsshouldberemovedbeforetestingbywashingor,withmaterials sensitivetomoistureorhumidity,byairblowing. 6.2Numberoftestsamples Takeatleastthreetestsamplesfromthelaboratorysample(see6.1)andcarr
30、youtonedeterminationofbulkdensity oneachtestsample. 6.3Massoftestsamples Themassoftestsamplesdependsonthegrainsizeandthehomogeneityofthematerialbeingtested.Amassof approximately200gisrecomm ended. NOTE Inthecaseofhomogeneousmaterials,themassofthetestsamplescanbereducedtoapproximately100g.EN99318:200
31、2(E) 6 7Method 7.1Determinationofthemassofdrytestsample( m 1 ) Placethetestsampleintoadry,preweighedcrucible(see5.3)anddrythetestsampleat110 o C5 o Ctoconstant mass,i.e.untiltwosuccessiveweighingsmade,beforeandafteratleast2hintheoven,donotdifferbymorethan 0,1%. Beforeeachweighing,placethecruciblecon
32、tainingthetestsampleinadesiccatoruntilithascooledtoambient temperature.Weigheachcrucibletothenearest0,01gscalereading.Subtractthemassoftheemptycrucibleto obtainthemassofthedrytestsample( m 1 ). 7.2Impregnationofthetestsample Carryoutachecktesttoensurethattheapparatuswillholdavacuum.Placethecooledand
33、driedcrucibleintoalarge beakercontainedinanairtightvessel(seeFigure2).Aftersealingthevessel,evacuateituntilapressureofnotmore than2500Paisattained.Maintainthisvacuumforatleast15min.Inordertoensurethatalltheairhasbeenremoved fromtheopenpores,isolateordisconnectthevesselfromthevacuumpumpandcheckthatpr
34、essuredoesnotrise throughanydegassingofthetestsample.Reconnectthevesseltothevacuumpumpandprogressivelyintroducethe water(see5.7)sothatafter3min,thetestsampleiscoveredbyabout20mm.Maintainthisreducedpressurefor30 min,thenswitchoffthepumpandopenthevessel.Thetestsampleortestsamplesshallremaincoveredwith
35、the waterthroughouttheimpregnationanduntilremovedforsubsequentweighing(see7.3). 7.3Determinationoftheapparentmassoftheimmersedtestsample( m 5 )andthemassofthe impregnatedtestsample( m 3 ) Removethecruciblefromtheairtightvessel,ensuringthatthetestsampleremainscoveredwithwater.Suspendthe cruciblebyath
36、inthreadfromtheloadpansuspensionpointofthebalance(see5.2)andweighittothenearest0,01g scalereading( m 2 )whilecompletelyimmersedinaquantityofwatercontainedinabeakerstandingonthebridge,if used(seeFigure1). Takethecrucibleoutofthewaterandtransferthetestsample,withoutloss,ontoaflatcottoncloth(see5.6),wh
37、ich hasbeensaturatedwithwaterandwrungoutbyhand.Blotthegrainsuntilthewetsheendisappears.Immediately weighthetestsample,inair,tothenearest0,01gscalereading.Thisgivesthemassoftheimpregnatedtestsample (m 3 ). Suspendtheemptycruciblefromtheloadpansuspensionpointofthebalanceandweighittothenearest0,01gscal
38、e reading( m 4 ).Theapparentmassoftheimmersedtestsampleisgivenby: m 5 =m 2 m 4 (1) where m 2 =massofsuspendedcruciblecontainingtestsample; m 4 =massofemptysuspendedcrucible. EN99318:2002(E) 7 8 Calculationofresults 8.1Calculationofthevolumeofthetestsample( V R ) Providingthatdeterminationsspecifiedi
39、nsection7.3havebeencarriedoutatconstanttemperature(thuswitha constantwaterdensity),thevolume V R ofthesample,incubiccentimetres,isgivenbytheequation: where m 5 istheapparentmassoftheimmersedsample,ingrams; m 3 isthemassoftheimpregnatedsample,ingrams; isthetruedensityofwaterattesttemperatureingramspe
40、rcubiccentimetre. Ifanimmersionliquidotherthanwaterhasbeenused,determineitstruedensityatthetesttemperature. NOTE Ifwaterisused,theaccuracyofthetestissuchthatitsdensitybetween15 o Cand30 o Ccanbeassumedtobe1,0 g/cm 3 . 8.2Calculationofthebulkdensityofthetestsample( R ) Thebulkdensity R ,ingramspercub
41、iccentimetre,isgivenbytheequation: where m 1 isthemass,ingrams,ofthesample(see7.1); V R isthevolume,incubiccentimetres,ofthesample(see8.1). Theresultshallbereportedtothreesignificantfigures. R V = m m 35 r (2) R V r = m R 1 (3)EN99318:2002(E) 8 9 Testreport Thetestreportshallincludethefollowinginfor
42、mation: a) areferencetothisEuropeanStandard; b) thedesignationofthematerialtested(manufacturer,type,batchnumber,etc.); c) therangeofgrainsize(inmm)andthemassofthetestsamples(ingrams); d) thebulkdensity(bothindividualvaluesandthearithmeticmeanforthematerial)(ingramspercubic centimetre); e) thenatureo
43、ftheliquidusedinthecaseofamaterialsensitivetohydration; f) thenameofthetestingestablishment; g) thedateofthetest.EN99318:2002(E) 9 Key 1 Cruciblecontainingtestsample 2 Water 3 Beaker 4 Suspensionthread 5 Bridge Figure1Arrangementforthedeterminationofapparentmassofimmersedtestsampleusingsingleand doublepanbalancesEN99318:2002(E) 10 Key 1 Cruciblescontainingtestsample 2 Water 3 Beaker 4 Tapfunnel 5 Pumpisolati
