1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1049-2:1994 Textiles Woven fabrics Construction Methods of analysis Part 2: Determination of number of threads per unit length The European Standard EN 1049-2:1993 has the status of a British Standard UDC 677.064:677.017.353BSEN 1049-2:1994 This British Standard, having been p
2、repared under the direction of the Textile and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1994 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/24 Draft for comme
3、nt 93/304033 DC ISBN 0 580 22257 8 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries. Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium In
4、stitut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland Natio
5、nal Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certif
6、icacin Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN1049-2:1994 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Nationa
7、l foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope and field of application 3 2 Reference 3 3 Principle 3 4 Minimum measuring distance 3 5 Conditioning and testing atmosphere 3 6 Test specimens 3 7 Method A Dissection of fabric 3 8 Method B Counting glass 4 9 Method C Traversing thread counter 4 10 Calculation and ex
8、pression of results 4 11 Test report 5 Annex Method using taper and parallel line gratings 6 National annex NA (informative) Original ISO text amended by CEN common modifications Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NC (informative
9、) Cross-reference Inside back cover Figure 1 Parallel-line grating 7 Figure 2 Taper-line grating 7BSEN 1049-2:1994 ii BSI 02-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version
10、of EN1049:1993 Textiles Woven fabrics Construction Methods of analysis Part2: Determination of number of threads per unit length published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It was derived by CEN from ISO 7211-2:1984 published by the International Organization for Standardization (
11、ISO). It supersedes BS 2862:1984, which is withdrawn. The CEN common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by a side line in the margin. Parts of the original ISO text that have been modified by CEN have been quoted in National annex NA . A Briti
12、sh Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
13、 cover, an inside front cover, pagesi and ii, theEN title page, pages2 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NO
14、RME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1049-2 December 1993 UDC 677.064:677.017.353 Descriptors: Textiles, woven fabrics, tests, determination, numbers, yarns English version Textiles Woven fabrics Construction Methods of analysis Part 2: Determination of number of threads per unit length (ISO 7211-2:1984
15、 modified) Textiles Tissus Construction Mthodes danalyse Partie 2: Dtermination du nombre de fils par unit de longueur (ISO 7211-2:1984 modifie) Textilien Gewebe Untersuchungsverfahren Teil2:Bestimmung der Anzahl der Fden je Lngeneinheit (ISO 7211-2:1984 Gendert) This European Standard was approved
16、by CEN on 1993-12-16. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standard
17、s may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
18、 Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN Euro
19、pean Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1049-2:1993 EEN1049-2:1993 BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been taken over by
20、 CEN/TC 248, Textiles and textile products, from the work of ISO/TC 38, Textiles, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This European Standard is based on ISO 7211-2:1984 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ident
21、ical standard, either by endorsement, at the latest by June 1994, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June1994. The standard was approved and in accordance with the following CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this Euro
22、pean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UnitedKingdom.EN1049-2:1993 BSI 02-1999 3 1 Scope and field of application This part of ISO 7211 specifies three methods for the
23、 determination of the number of threads per centimetre in woven fabrics. Any of the three methods may be used, the choice depending on the character of the fabric. However, in case of dispute method A is recommended. Method A: Dissection of fabric, suitable for all fabrics. This is the most laboriou
24、s method but has fewer limitations than the others; in particular, it is the only one that is really suitable for the examination of certain folded structures and other complicated weaves. Method B: Counting glass, suitable for woven fabrics with more than 50 threads per centimetre. Method C: Traver
25、sing thread counter, suitable for all fabrics. Where the number of threads per centimetre is low, it may be convenient to express the results as the number of threads per decimetre. NOTEMethods using parallel line gratings and tapered line gratings have been given in the annex for information. These
26、 methods have not been considered accurate enough to be used as standard test methods but can be used to give rough and ready estimates for routine testing. 2 Reference ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. 3 Principle Three methods of determining the number of threads
27、 per centimetre are specified, any of which may be used, the choice depending on the character of the fabric. The principles are as follows: Method A: A section of fabric of dimensions in accordance with those given in clause4 is dissected and the number of threads counted. The threads that are to b
28、e counted are preferably short, 1 or 2 cm being suitable. Method B: The number of threads visible within the aperture of a specified counting glass is determined. Method C: The number of threads per centimetre of the fabric is determined with the aid of a traversing thread counter. 4 Minimum measuri
29、ng distance Use the appropriate minimum measuring distance specified in the table. Table Minimum measuring distance For the method A, take test pieces containing at least 100 threads. For narrow fabrics having a width of 10 cm or less, count all warp threads including the selvedge ends and express t
30、he result as threads per full width. When fabrics are patterned by broad areas of higher or lower density of thread spacing, select test specimens containing at least one weave repeat (seeclause10). 5 Conditioning and testing atmosphere The atmosphere for preconditioning, conditioning and testing sh
31、all be as specified in EN 20139. 6 Test specimens No specially prepared specimens are required except for method A (see7.2), but count the threads at not less than five different points selected to represent the fabric as fully as possible. Expose the fabric or specimens to the standard atmosphere f
32、or testing for at least 16h before making the test. 7 Method A Dissection of fabric 7.1 Apparatus 7.1.1 Clamp, holding two short pins parallel and with their points being within 0,02 cm of the minimum measuring distance specified in clause4. Alternatively, when a clamp is not available, 7.1.2 Two di
33、ssecting needles and 7.1.3 Heavy steel rule 7.2 Procedure Take five specimens at random (see clause6) 0,4 to0,6cm longer than the minimum measuring distance specified in clause4 and sufficiently wide to facilitate handling. Take care not to disturb the distribution of threads, especially in a loosel
34、y woven fabric. Number of threads per centimetre Minimum measuring distance cm Number of threads per test piece Accuracy in percentage (count to within 0,5 thread) Less than 10 10 to 25 25 to 40 More than 40 10 5 3 2 Less than 100 50 to 125 75 to 120 More than 80 Greater than 0,5 1,0 to 0,4 0,7 to 0
35、,4 Less than 0,6EN 1049-2:1993 4 BSI 02-1999 Pass the pins in the clamp (7.1.1) through a specimen 0,2 to 0,3cm from each end. Remove the shorter threads (those in the direction to be counted) from the specimen outside the two pins, so that the measuring distance of fabric between the pins remain. T
36、hen remove the short threads from the specimen and count them. Count any threads impaled on a pin as half a thread. It is usually convenient to employ a pair of pointed forceps to remove the threads. The threads may be arranged in groups of ten for convenience in counting. An approved alternative me
37、thod where a clamp is not available is to insert two dissecting needles(7.1.2) the required distance apart by sliding their points down the appropriate graduation marks of a heavy steel rule (7.1.3) placed on edge. 8 Method B Counting glass 8.1 Apparatus 8.1.1 Counting glass, the aperture width of w
38、hich shall be 2 0,005 cm or 3 0,005 cm at all places. The thickness of the base plate at the edges of the aperture shall not exceed 0,1 cm. 8.2 Procedure Use a measuring distance in accordance with clause4. Lay the fabric flat on a horizontal surface and place the counting glass (8.1.1) on the fabri
39、c so that one of the edges of its aperture is parallel to the warp threads. In some fabrics, it is possible to see and count every thread. If this is not possible, weave repeats may be counted. Select a thread in the weave repeat which can be identified readily and position the counting glass so tha
40、t this thread is adjacent to one side of the aperture of the counting glass. Count the number of whole repeats in the measuring distance, plus the remaining individual threads. Determine the number of threads in a repeat by analysis of the weave or dissection of the fabric. Count the number of warp
41、threads, or the number of weave repeats, or the number of warp thread units and fractions of a unit bounded by the appropriate pair of opposite sides of the aperture. Repeat with one of the edges of the aperture parallel to the weft threads, and count the number of weft threads or weave repeats or n
42、umber of weft thread units in a similar manner. If the face of the fabric is composed mainly of one set of threads, as with certain twills, sateens, etc, it may be found easier to count on the back of the fabric, where the weave design is more readily recognizable. 9 Method C Traversing thread count
43、er 9.1 Apparatus 9.1.1 Traversing thread counter, incorporating a low-power microscope, of X 4 to X 20, mounted so that it can be traversed by means of a screw over a graduated base sufficiently long to meet the minimum measuring distance requirements of clause4. Types with an index line in the eyep
44、iece or a pointer traversing with and visible through the microscope are equally suitable. 9.2 Test procedure Use a measuring distance in accordance with clause4. Lay the fabric flat on a horizontal surface and place the thread counter (9.1.1) upon it in such a way that when the screw is turned the
45、microscope moves across the fabric in a direction that is either parallel to the warp or parallel to the weft, depending on which set of threads is being counted. Count the number of threads over the appropiate minimum measuring distance. In some fabrics it is possible to see and count every thread
46、passed by the pointer or index line as it moves across the fabric. If this is not possible, weave repeats may be counted. Begin counting from a thread in the weave repeat which can be readily identified. Count the number of whole repeats in the measuring distance, plus the remaining individual threa
47、ds. Determine the number of threads in a repeat by analysis of the weave or dissection of the fabric. If the face of the fabric is composed mainly of one set of threads, as with certain twills, sateens, etc., it may be found easier to count on the back of the fabric, where the weave design is more r
48、eadily recognizable. 10 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the number of threads per centimetre. Quote the mean of individual results for each direction, that for the warp threads as ends per centimetre and that for the weft as picks per centimetre. The number of threads per square cent
49、imetre is given by the sum of the mean ends and picks per centimetre. When fabrics involving fancy weaving are patterned by small areas of two or more types of threads in warp and weft directions, count the number of threads of each type in a periodic pattern and then calculate the number of threads per 10 cm after measuring the periodicity and repeat pattern.EN1049-2:1993 BSI 02-1999 5 11 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) a reference to this International St
