1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8002:2015Code of practice for earthretaining structuresPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978
2、 0 580 86678 4ICS 93.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference B/526Draft for comment 15/30301518 DCPublication historyFirst published April 1994Second (present) edition, June 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8002:2015 BRITISH
3、STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 64 General rules 75 Gravity retaining walls 436 Semi-gravity retaining walls 617 Embedded retaining walls 698 Cofferdams, basements, and strutted excavations 82AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Deadman anchors 86Annex B (i
4、nformative) Specific formations 89Bibliography 92List of figuresFigure 1 Suggested values for characteristic weight density of soils above thegroundwater table 15Figure 2 Suggested values for characteristic weight density of soils below thegroundwater table 16Figure 3 Stiffness parameters for non-li
5、near soil 22Figure 4 Maximum effective horizontal earth pressure from compactiontheory 36Figure 5 Examples of mass concrete retaining walls 45Figure 6 Examples of unreinforced masonry retaining walls 46Figure 7 Examples of gabion retaining walls 48Figure 8 Examples of crib walls 50Figure9Typical dra
6、inage systems behind gravity retaining walls 51Figure 10 Masonry clad mass concrete wall with cavity 58Figure 11 Examples of reinforced concrete retaining walls 62Figure 12 Examples of reinforced and prestressed masonry retaining walls 64Figure 13 Post-tensioned masonry diaphragm wall construction 6
7、5Figure 14 Examples of embedded retaining walls 70Figure 15 Lagging between adjacent soldier/king piles 72Figure 16 Solider piles comprising a pair of steel sections with end plates 73Figure 17 Outline of the successive stage method of analysis 76Figure A.1 Types of deadman anchor 87Figure A.2 Non-i
8、nterference of zones for anchored deadman wall 88List of tablesTable1Values of ang, PSDand dilto obtain values of pk,kand cv,kforsiliceous sands and gravels with fines content not exceeding 15% 18Table2Values of cv,kfor fine soils from plasticity index 20Table3Values of parameters for use with equat
9、ion (11) 23Table4Values of parameters for use with equation (12) 24Table 5 Use classes relevant to timber in earth retaining structures 29Table 6 Imposed loads on vehicle traffic areas (excluding walls adjacent tobridges or where the gross vehicle weight is greater than 160 kN) 30Table 7 Imposed loa
10、ds on vehicle traffic areas (next to wing walls and otherearth retaining structures) 31Table8Values of h,comp, zc, and hcfor different weights of compactionplant 36BRITISH STANDARD BS 8002:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iTable 9 Maximum weight of compaction plant to be used within2mofan
11、earth retaining structure 41Table 10 Drainage systems for gravity retaining walls 52Table 11 Values of the model factor for load-effects for props, struts andanchors 80Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 96, an inside back cover and
12、a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8002:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 June 2015. It wasprepared by Technical Committe
13、e B/526, Geotechnics. A list of organizationsrepresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionTogether with BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013, this British Standard supersedesBS 8002:1994, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 8002 gives non-contradic
14、tory, complementary information for use withBS EN 1997 and its UK National Annexes.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, which introduces the following principalchanges: the revised text is fully compatible with the current version of Eurocode 7(BS EN 1997); guidanc
15、e is given on designing earth retaining structures according to limitstate principles using partial factors; guidance is given on the selection of design parameters for soils; guidance is given on model factors to be applied to prop loads determinedby calculation; the revised text reflects advances
16、in earth retaining structure technologyover the past 30 years.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance a
17、re notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed
18、 in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the
19、text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the clause. The word “can” is used to expresspossibility, e.g. a consequence of an action or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional i
20、nformation that are important but do notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8002:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
21、acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8002:2015iv The British Standards Institution 20151 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the design and construction ofearth
22、 retaining structures to support ground at slopes steeper than the groundwould naturally assume. It provides non-contradictory, complementaryinformation for use in conjunction with BS EN 1997 and its UK National Annex.Clause 4 gives general recommendations for the design and construction of alltypes
23、 of earth retaining structures; Clause 5, Clause 6, and Clause 7 give specificrecommendations for the design and construction of gravity walls, semi-gravitywalls, and embedded walls (respectively); and Clause 8 gives specificrecommendations for the design and construction of cofferdams, basements,an
24、d strutted excavations.Annex A gives specific recommendations for the design and construction ofdeadman anchors.Annex B gives information about specific geological formations encountered inthe UK.NOTE 1 This standard does not cover the design and construction of anchors (otherthan deadman anchors),
25、for which see BS 8081.NOTE 2 This standard does not cover the design and construction of earthworks,for which see BS 6031.NOTE 3 This standard does not cover the design and construction of foundations,for which see BS 8004.NOTE 4 This standard does not cover the design and construction of maritimewo
26、rks, for which see BS 6349.NOTE 5 This standard does not cover the design and construction of earth retainingstructures constructed using strengthened or reinforced soil walls, for whichsee BS 8006.2 Normative referencesStandards publicationsThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normativ
27、ely referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 65, Specification for vitrified clay pipes, fittings and ducts, al
28、so flexiblemechanical joints for use solely with surface water pipes and fittingsBS 437, Specification for cast iron drain pipes, fittings and their joints forsocketed and socketless systemsBS 4449, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel Bar, coil and decoiled product Spe
29、cificationBS 4660, Thermoplastics ancillary fittings of nominal sizes 110 and 160 for belowground gravity drainage and sewerageBS 4729, Clay and calcium silicate bricks of special shapes and sizes RecommendationsBS 4962, Specification for plastics pipes and fittings for use as subsoil field drainsBS
30、 5480, Specification for glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes, joints and fittingsfor use for water supply or sewerageBS 5481, Specification for unplasticized PVC pipe and fittings for gravity sewersBRITISH STANDARD BS 8002:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 1BS 5642-2, Sills, copings and
31、cappings Part 2: Specification for copings andcappings of precast concrete, cast stone, clayware, slate and natural stoneBS 5837, Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction RecommendationsBS 5911 (all parts), Concrete pipes and ancilliary concrete productsBS 5930, Code of practice for
32、site investigationBS 5975, Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the permissiblestress design of falseworkBS 6031:2009, Code of practice for earthworksBS 6349 (all parts), Maritime works1)BS 8004:2015, Code of practice for foundationsBS 8006-1:2010, Code of practice for strengthened/re
33、inforced soils and other fillsBS 8006-2, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils Part 2: Soil naildesignBS 8081, Code of practice for ground anchorsBS 8102, Code of practice for protection of below ground structures againstwater from the groundBS 8215, Code of practice for design and inst
34、allation of damp-proof courses inmasonry constructionBS 8417, Preservation of wood Code of practiceBS 8500-1:2015, Concrete Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1 Part 1: Method of specifying and guidance for the specifierBS 8500-22), Concrete Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1 Par
35、t 2:Specification for constituent materials and concreteBS 10175, Investigation of potentially contaminated sites Code of practiceBS EN 206:2013, Concrete Specification, performance, production andconformityBS EN 295 (all parts), Vitrified clay pipe systems for drains and sewersBS EN 335:2013, Durab
36、ility of wood and wood-based products Use classes:definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based productsBS EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durabilityof solid wood Part 2: Guide to the natural durability of and treatability ofselected wood species of importance in
37、 EuropeBS EN 351-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Preservative-treatedsolid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retentionBS EN 460, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability ofsolid wood Guide to the durability requirements for wood to be used
38、 inhazard classesBS EN 598, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerageapplications Requirements and test methodsBS EN 771-1, Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry units1)Specific references are made to the following part: BS 6349-2:2010, Maritime works Par
39、t 2: General Code of practice for the design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins2)Informative reference is made to BS 8500-2:2015.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8002:20152 The British Standards Institution 2015BS EN 771-2, Specification for masonry units Part 2: Calcium silicate masonryunitsBS EN 771-3, Specifi
40、cation for masonry units Part 3: Aggregate concretemasonry unitsBS EN 771-4, Specification for masonry units Part 4: Autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry unitsBS EN 771-5, Specification for masonry units Part 5: Manufactured stonemasonry unitsBS EN 771-6, Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natura
41、l stone masonryunitsBS EN 845-1, Specification for ancillary components for masonry Part 1: Wallties, tension straps, hangers and bracketsBS EN 1401 (all parts), Plastic piping systems for non-pressure undergrounddrainage and sewerageBS EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical works Bored piles3)B
42、S EN 1538, Execution of special geotechnical works Diaphragm walls4)BS EN 1852-1, Plastics piping systems for nonpressure underground drainage andsewerage Polypropylene (PP) Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and thesystemBS EN 1916, Concrete pipes and fittings, unreinforced, steel fibre and
43、 reinforcedBS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005, Eurocode Basis of structural designBS EN 1991, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures5)BS EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures6)BS EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures7)BS EN 1995 (all parts), Eurocode 5: Design of timbe
44、r structures8)3)Informative reference is made to BS EN 1536:2010.4)Informative reference is made to BS EN 1538:2010.5)Specific references are made to the following parts: BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-1:Densities,self-weight, imposed loads for buildings; BS EN 1991-1-
45、6:2005, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-6: Generalactions Actions during execution; BS EN 1991-2:2003, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads onbridges.6)Specific references are made to the following parts: BS EN 1992-1-1:2004+A1:2014, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structu
46、res Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings; BS EN 1992-3, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 3: Liquid retainingand containing structures.7)Specific references are made to the following parts: BS EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rulesand rule
47、s for buildings; BS EN 1993-5, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 5: Piling.8)Specific references are made to the following part: BS EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5:Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General Common rules and rules forbuildings.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8002:2015 The British Standards
48、Institution 2015 3BS EN 1996 (all parts), Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures9)BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: GeneralrulesBS EN 1997-2:2007, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 2: Groundinvestigation and testingBS EN 10025, Hot rolled products of structural
49、steelsBS EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcingsteel GeneralBS EN 10210, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grainsteelsBS EN 10218-1:2012, Steel wire and wire products General Part 1: TestmethodsBS EN 10218-2:2012, Steel wire and wire products General Part 2: Wiredimensions and tolerancesBS EN 10219, Cold formed welded structural ho
