1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7905-1:2001 Lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications Part 1: Specification for the design and manufacture of above stage equipment (excluding trusses and towers) ICS 53.020.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS 79
2、05-1:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Cranes and derricks Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 13 December 2001 BSI 13 December 2001 The following BSI references relate to
3、the work on this British Standard Committee reference MHE/3 Draft for comment 99/707811 DC ISBN 0 580 38306 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/13, Lifting e
4、quipment for performance, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Theatre Technicians Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union Co-opted Members Health and Safety Executive Lifting Equipment Engineers Association Professional Lighting and Sound Assoc
5、iation Safety Assessment Federation Ltd. Theatres Advisory Council Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentBS 7905-1:2001 BSI 13 December 2001 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i
6、 o n s 2 4 Structural integrity 7 5 Components 7 6 Machinery 24 7 Traverse equipment (tracks, trolleys, etc.) 30 8 Lifting machines 32 9 Flying of performers 46 10 Controls 47 11 Marking 52 12 Documentation and information 54 Annex A (informative) Examples of loading notices 57 Annex B (informative)
7、 Relationship between the definitions in BS 7905-1 60 Annex C (informative) Discussion of “safety factor” 61 Bibliography 63BS 7905-1:2001 ii BSI 13 December 2001 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Subcommittee MHE/3/13. It does not supersede any previous British Standard.
8、 As with all British Standards for lifting equipment, the primary object of this specification is to ensure reliability and safety without placing restrictions on the general design of lifting or the methods employed in construction. This Standard is Part 1 of a two part standard: Part 1: Specificat
9、ion for the design and manufacture of above stage equipment (excluding trusses and towers); Part 2: Specification for design and manufacture of aluminium and steel trusses and towers. This standard is not intended as a Code of Practice for the use of the equipment; the BS 7906 series deals with this
10、. Annex A, Annex B and Annex C are informative. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obliga
11、tions. Attention is drawn to the following statutory regulations: The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998 1; The Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 2; The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended 3. Summary of pages This document
12、 comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 62, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 7905-1:2001 BSI 13 December 2001 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirem
13、ents for the design and manufacture of components and systems used to lift and traverse equipment and personnel for the following applications: a) film; b) television; c) theatre and similar entertainment events; d) conferences and exhibitions. Lifts and elevators are not covered by this standard. N
14、othing in this standard is intended to replace the requirements of The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1, The Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 2 and The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended 3. 2 Normative references The following
15、 normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the public
16、ation referred to apply. BS 46-1, Keys and keyways and taper pins Part 1: Specification for keys and keyways. BS 228, Specification for short-pitch transmission precision roller chains and chain wheels. (ISO 606) BS 1290, Specification for wire rope slings and sling legs for general lifting purposes
17、. BS 2573 (all parts), Rules for the design of cranes. BS 2853, Specification for the design and testing of steel overhead runway beams. BS 3266, Specification for thimbles for natural fibre rope. BS 3481-2, Flat lifting slings Part 2: Specification for flat woven webbing slings made of man-made fib
18、re for general service. BS 4235-1, Specification for metric keys and keyways Part 1: Parallel and taper keys. BS 4429, Specification for rigging screws and turnbuckles for general engineering, lifting purposes and pipe hanger applications. BS 5281, Specification for ferrule-secured eye terminations
19、for wire rope. BS 6166-3, Lifting slings Part 3: Guide to the selection and safe use of lifting slings for multi-purposes. BS 6570, Code of practice for the selection, care and maintenance of steel wire ropes. BS 6668-2, Textile lifting slings Part 2: Specification for round slings made of man-made
20、fibre for general service. BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IEE Wiring Regulations. BS 7905-2, Lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications Part 2: Specification for design and manufacture of aluminium and steel trusses and towers. BS 7909, Code of practice
21、 for design and installation of temporary distribution systems delivering a.c. electrical supplies for lighting, technical services and other entertainment related purposes. BS EN 292, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design. BS EN 364, Personal protective equipment against
22、 falls from a height Test methods. BS EN 418, Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design. BS EN 795, Protection against falls from a height Anchor devices Requirements and testing. BS EN 818 (all parts), Short link chain for lifting purposes. BS EN 1677 (a
23、ll parts), Components for slings. BS EN 20898 (all parts), Mechanical properties of fasteners. BS EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: Specification for general requirements.BS 7905-1:2001 2 BSI 13 December 2001 BS ISO 6336 (all parts), Calculation of load capaci
24、ty of spur and helical gears. DIN 6899:1988, Steel thimbles for fibre ropes. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of this British Standard the following terms and definitions apply 1) . 3.1 anchorage fixture forming the interface between the temporary or permanent supporting structu
25、re and other items of lifting equipment, by means of which the loads are transmitted into the supporting structure NOTE Sometimes referred to as “hanging point” or “suspension point”. 3.2 bar length of tube or other section, usually steel or aluminium, to which loads are attached NOTE Sometimes refe
26、rred to as “barrel” or “pipe”. 3.3 bottom limit means for preventing lowering below the working range of travel 3.4 certified identified and supplied with a certificate signifying compliance with the standard and/or the appropriate load (this includes test details if appropriate) 3.5 competent perso
27、n person who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and such experience as is necessary to carry out their work and is aware of the limits of his/her own competence, expertise and knowledge 3.6 controlled stop stop at a predetermined rate 3.7 D:d ratio pitch circle diameter of the pulley or wi
28、nding drum divided by the diameter of the rope 3.8 duality ability of a system to maintain the position or intended movement of a load when there is failure of any one component in that system 3.9 dynamic working coefficient breaking load of a component divided by the sum of the maximum static and d
29、ynamic loads applied to that component 3.10 emergency stop device that causes a controlled stop as quickly as safely possible and which overrides all other controls 3.11 ferrule aluminium, copper or steel sleeve compressed by dies or swages onto a wire rope to form a permanent termination NOTE Somet
30、imes referred to as “crimp”, “swage” or “sleeve”. 1)See also Annex B.BS 7905-1:2001 BSI 13 December 2001 3 3.12 fleet angle angle of deflection of rope as it leaves a drum or pulley NOTE See Figure 27. 3.13 hoist lifting machine (including lighting hoist, chain hoist, winch, power hoist and flying b
31、ar) 3.14 hook clamp lifting accessory used to support lighting and similar equipment hanging from bars 3.15 “in view” flying wire wire that can be seen by the audience, and which for artistic reasons needs to be as thin as practicably possible without compromising safety 3.16 karabiner connector wit
32、h a lockable, self-closing and load bearing gate 3.17 lifting accessory component or equipment separate from the lifting machine and placed between the lifting machine and the load or on the load to attach it NOTE Lifting accessories are not capable of providing movement. 3.18 lifting machine machin
33、e which is intended to raise, lower and suspend materials or persons 3.19 lifting system assembly of lifting machines and accessories 3.20 load suspended item or force related to mass 3.20.1 alternating load force which is applied sometimes in one direction and then in the opposite direction 3.20.2
34、axial load force in line with axis, e.g. the axis could be the centre line of a hydraulic cylinder 3.20.3 dead load force arising at any part of a system at rest due to mass in the system and excluding any forces due to live load (see 3.20.7) 3.20.4 design load prevailing force according to design 3
35、.20.5 dynamic load force arising at any part of a system due to acceleration or deceleration of massBS 7905-1:2001 4 BSI 13 December 2001 3.20.6 imposed load equivalent to live load (see 3.20.7) 3.20.7 live load mass attached to lifting system NOTE Sometimes called “payload”. 3.20.8 minimum breaking
36、 load applied force below which an item will not break 3.20.9 overload live load greater than the safe working load 3.20.10 point load force applied at one place 3.20.11 service load force expected during normal use 3.20.12 shock load force generated during impact 3.20.13 specific load force that is
37、 specified 3.20.14 static load force imposed on a part of a system when at rest 3.20.15 uniformly distributed load (UDL) force evenly spread over the force withstanding item 3.20.16 safe working load (SWL) maximum mass that is permitted to be raised, lowered or suspended 3.20.17 working load limit (
38、WLL) maximum permitted mass that equipment is designed to lift, as specified by the equipment manufacturer 3.20.18 load bearing withstanding of force, e.g. a load bearing beam is a beam which withstands force due to loading 3.20.19 load capacity amount of force sustainable by design 3.20.20 load fac
39、tor arbitrary factor established and tabulated relative to forceBS 7905-1:2001 BSI 13 December 2001 5 3.20.21 load path assembly of items connected to one another to withstand force whereby each item is subjected to force due to the load considered 3.20.22 load testing application of known force to
40、assess integrity of equipment 3.21 maximum speed designed top speed of operation 3.22 permanent not intended to be dismantled or decommissioned during the life of the product, except for servicing NOTE See 3.35 for definition of temporary. 3.23 personnel flying lifting, lowering or suspension of an
41、artiste in performance, to give the impression of levitation or flying 3.24 pitch circle effective circle of rolling without slip between transmitting elements 3.25 range of travel designed distance between the highest and lowest positions 3.26 rope diameter diameter of the smallest circle that can
42、encompass all strands of a rope 3.27 rope lock device to hold a rope by means of friction 3.28 safety bond form of secondary suspension that is capable of arresting the fall of an individual item of equipment when there has been a dislocation of its primary attachment to the lifting system 3.29 safe
43、ty factor minimum breaking load of a component divided by the maximum designed static load NOTE Safety factor is also known as “working coefficient” (see Annex C for discussion). Figure 1 Pitch circle Pitch circle diameterBS 7905-1:2001 6 BSI 13 December 2001 3.30 static test test during which machi
44、nery or a component is subjected to the loading equivalent to the SWL multiplied by a static test coefficient 3.31 static test coefficient factor applied during a static load test to allow for dynamic loading NOTE Static test coefficient has the following minimum values: a) 1.5 for manually operated
45、 machinery and lifting accessories; b) 1.25 for other machinery. 3.32 Stress 3.32.1 ultimate stress force required to pull material apart divided by original cross-sectional area (see BS EN 10002-1) 3.32.2 yield stress minimum force required to pull material, such that the unloaded length is increas
46、ed after removal of the force; divided by the original cross-sectional area (see BS EN 10002-1) 3.33 swivel device that enables one part to turn relative to the other part while axially loaded 3.34 swivel hook swivel hook has a hook and swivel combined 3.35 temporary intended to be decommissioned an
47、d/or dismantled during the life of the product, so that it may be reused for a similar or different purpose NOTE See 3.22 for definition of permanent. 3.36 thimble captive device that protects the eye termination of a rope 3.37 top limit means for preventing lifting beyond the working range of trave
48、l 3.38 trim to adjust a bar or scenic unit or other item so that it is parallel to the floor or as required 3.39 ultimate limit means for preventing further lifting or lowering in case of top or bottom travel limit failure 3.40 whipping binding applied to the end of a rope to prevent fraying or unla
49、ying 3.41 wire rope grip removable device that allows clamping two parts of wire rope together as in forming an eye at the end of a rope NOTE Wire rope grips are also known as “bulldogs” or “dogs”.BS 7905-1:2001 BSI 13 December 2001 7 4 Structural integrity 4.1 General The load-bearing capacity of building elements or structures shall be checked to ensure that they are capable of bearing both the static and dynamic loads imposed by the lifting equipment before it is installed. This assessment shall include checking the likely
