1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 4515-2:1999 ICS 23.040
2、.10; 25.160.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for Welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore Part 2: Duplex stainless steel pipelinesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was pub
3、lished under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 BSI 04-1999 First published October 1969 Second edition March 1984 Third edition September 1995 Fourth edition February 1996 Fifth edition April 1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this s
4、tandard: Committee reference WEE/21/7 Draft for comment 97/713527 DC ISBN 0 580 28272 4 BS 4515-2:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee WEE/21
5、, Pipework welding, to Subcommittee WEE/21/7, Field welding of pipelines, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers B G Transco British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive I
6、nternational Marine Contractors Association Offshore Contractors Association Pipeline Industries Guild Welding Institute Welding Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.)BS 4515-2:1999 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3
7、 Definitions 1 4 Information to be specified and items to be approved 2 5 Equipment 3 6 Welding processes 4 7 Welding consumables 4 8 Testing, qualification and approval of welding procedures 4 9 Testing, qualification and approval of welders 16 10 Production welding 18 11 Inspection and testing of
8、welds 20 12 Acceptance and rectification of welds 21 Annex A (informative) Welding procedure specification 23 Annex B (normative) Method for determining volume fraction of ferrite in duplex stainless steel weldments by systematic point count 24 Annex C (normative) Method for pitting corrosion testin
9、g of duplex stainless steel weldments by the use of ferric chloride solution 25 Bibliography 27 Figure 1 Location of repair excavations and destructive test specimens 5 Figure 2 Location of test specimens 10 Figure 3 Tensile test specimen 11 Figure 4 Charpy V-notch impact test specimens for full pen
10、etration welds (including full penetration repair welds) 13 Figure 5 Positioning of Charpy V-notch impact specimens for procedure approval of partial penetration repair welds 15 Figure 6 Position of corrosion test specimen: full penetration and internal repair welds 16 Figure C.1 General layout of t
11、est specimen showing the test face uppermost 26 Table 1 Welding procedure specification details and changes affecting approval 7 Table 2 Number of specimens for procedure qualification tests on butt joints 11 Table 3 Number of specimens for procedure qualification tests on repair welds 14 Table 4 Di
12、ameter and thickness ranges for butt joints and branch connections 17 Table 5 Acceptance criteria for welds 22ii BSI 04-1999 BS 4515-2:1999 1) At time of publication BS 4515:1996. Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee WEE/21/7. It complements BS 4515-1 1) which applies onl
13、y to carbon, carbon manganese and low alloy steels. In reflecting current industry practice, this British Standard places duties on, and allocates powers of approval to, the employer. In this it differs from BS EN 288-3 (under which welding procedure approval may be independent of the employer). Con
14、sequently, the term “qualification” has been retained to describe the series of actions which demonstrate that the technical requirements of this British Standard have been met during the process of welding procedure, and welder, approval. It has been assumed, in the drafting of this British Standar
15、d, that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced personnel. Assessed capability. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider the desirability of quality system assessment and registration against the appropriate standard in the BS EN ISO
16、 9000 series by an accredited third-party certification body. Annex A is informative and annexes B and C are normative. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a B
17、ritish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 27 and a back cover. BSI 04-1999 1 4515-2:1999 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the welding of
18、solution annealed duplex austeniticferritic stainless steel pipelines with specified minimum chromium contents in the range 21.0 % to 26.0 %, designed in accordance with BS 8010. It is applicable to transmission pipelines for gases, liquids or slurries, both on land and offshore, of outside diameter
19、 21.0 mm and larger, having a thickness of 3.0 mm or greater. In addition to the definitive requirements it also requires that the items detailed in clause 4 be documented. For compliance with this standard, both the definitive requirements and the documented items have to be satisfied. 2 Normative
20、references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the lat
21、est edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 499-1, Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal cutting. BS 638 (all parts), Arc welding power sources, equipment and accessories. BS 709, Methods of destructive testing fusion welded joints and weld metal in steel. BS 5650, Specification for a
22、pparatus for gamma radiography. BS 8010, Code of practice for pipelines. PD 6493, Guidance on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion welded structures. BS EN 169, Specification for filters for personal eye- protection equipment used in welding and similar operations. BS EN 571-1,
23、 Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing General principles. BS EN 970, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds Visual examination. BS EN 1435:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds. Radiographic examination of welded joints. BS EN 10045-1, Charpy impact test on metallic materials. Test me
24、thod (V- and U-notches). BS EN 60974-1, Arc welding equipment Part 1: Welding power sources. BS EN 60974-11, Arc welding equipment Part 11: Electrode holders. BS EN 60974-12, Arc welding equipment Part 12: Coupling devices for welding cables. BS EN ISO 6947, Welds Working positions Definitions of an
25、gles of slope and rotation. ASTM E3, Preparation of metallographic specimens. ASTM E562, Test method for determining volume fraction by systematic manual point count. ASTM D1193, Reagent water (Federal Test Method No. 7916). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the definitions gi
26、ven in ASTM E562 apply together with the following. 3.1 arc energy amount of heat generated in the welding arc per unit length of weld (kJ/mm) NOTE It can be calculated using the following equation: 3 10 23 VI w where V is the arc voltage (in V); I is the welding current (in A); w is the welding spe
27、ed (in mm/s). 3.2 approval formal agreement by the employer that a qualification (or other proposal by the contractor) in accordance with this British Standard is acceptable for the proposed application 3.3 contractor firm undertaking the contract and any subcontractors engaged in work covered by th
28、is standard 3.4 employer owner company or an engineering agency in charge of construction NOTE The employer may act through a consultant, an inspector or other authorized representative. 3.5 external repair any repair from the external surface of the original weld 3.6 full penetration repair externa
29、l repair which penetrates to the bore of the pipe 3.7 internal (or back-weld) repair any repair from the internal surface of the original weld 3.8 joint completed weld joining two sections of pipe, a section of pipe to a fitting, or two fittings2 BSI 04-1999 4515-2:1999 2) Information for this item
30、may not be able to be supplied until the appropriate stage of work is reached. 3.9 mechanized welding welding in which the welding parameters are controlled mechanically or electronically and may be manually varied during welding to maintain the required welding condition 3.10 partial penetration re
31、pair multi-run external repair NOTE A partial penetration repair excavation penetrating to within 6 mm of the bore of the pipe requires a full penetration repair weld qualification. 3.11 pipeline continuous line of pipes of any length without frequent branches used for transporting fluids NOTE A pip
32、eline on land is a pipeline laid on or in land, including those sections laid under inland water courses. A subsea pipeline is a pipeline laid under maritime waters and estuaries and the shore below the high water mark. 3.12 positional welding welding wherein the pipe or assembly is held stationary
33、3.13 preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) tentative welding procedure specification (WPS) which is assumed to be adequate by the manufacturer, but which has not been qualified or approved NOTE Welding of test pieces needed for approval of a welding procedure specification has to be car
34、ried out on the basis of a preliminary welding procedure specification. 3.14 qualification series of actions necessary to demonstrate that a proposal meets the technical requirements of this British Standard 3.15 re-repair second or subsequent attempt at repairing a defect in the same location 3.16
35、roll welding method of manipulation by rotating or rolling pipes or pipe assemblies so that all welding is carried out in or near the flat position 3.17 root run first run deposited in the root of a multi-run weld 3.18 semi-automatic welding welding in which some of the welding variables are automat
36、ically controlled, but manual guidance is necessary 3.19 sour service pipeline design conditions in which a risk of sulfide stress cracking exists NOTE This is normally assessed using either NACE MR0175 1 or EFC 17 2. 3.20 weld zone region containing the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) 3.21
37、welder operator who performs the welding 3.22 welding procedure specific course of action followed in welding, including a list of materials and, where necessary, tools to be used 3.23 welding procedure specification (WPS) document providing in detail the required variables for a specific applicatio
38、n to ensure repeatability NOTE An example of a WPS form is given in annex A. 4 Information to be specified and items to be approved 4.1 Information to be specified by the employer The following information to be supplied by the employer shall be fully documented. For compliance with the standard bot
39、h the definitive requirements specified throughout the standard and the following documented items shall be satisfied: a) whether batch testing of electrodes and filler metals is required (see 7.1); b) whether different batches of electrodes and filler metals are to be individually identifiable and
40、completely separated (see 7.2); c) whether an alternative location is specified for the excavation for the repair weld test (see 8.1b); d) whether strain ageing data and/or additional tests are required as the basis for welding procedure approval for pipe-reeling (see 8.1e); e) the type and number o
41、f re-tests required in the event of a procedure test failure (see 8.1f) 2) ; f) whether any additional methods of non-destructive testing are required for butt joints (see 8.5.1b); BSI 04-1999 3 4515-2:1999 g) the method and acceptance levels for any hardness tests required (see 8.5.2.4, 8.6.3 and 8
42、.7.2.4); h) whether the proportion of ferrite in the weld and HAZ microstructures is to be determined and the limits that apply (see 8.5.2.5); i) whether a temperature lower than the minimum design temperature is to be used as the impact test temperature (see 8.5.2.6.1); j) whether corrosion testing
43、 is required (see 8.5.2.7 and 8.7.2.7); k) whether a proposed change to a welding procedure or equipment will require re-qualification of the welders (see 9.5i); l) whether prevailing weather conditions are such that quality of the completed weld would be impaired (see 10.9) 2) ; m) the method(s) an
44、d frequency of visual inspection and non-destructive testing (see 11.1); n) whether completed welds are to be ground (see 11.1); o) whether NDT acceptance criteria are to be based on quality control or engineering critical assessment (see 12.1); p) whether a more stringent limit for root penetration
45、 is required (see Table 5c). q) test variables during pitting corrosion testing of duplex stainless steel (see C.3 and C.4.2). 4.2 Items subject to approval by the employer The following items which are subject to approval by the employer shall be fully documented and, together with the definitive r
46、equirements specified throughout the standard, shall be satisfied before a claim of compliance with the standard can be made and verified: a) consumables to be used (see 7.1); b) the definition of a batch when batch testing of electrodes and filler materials is required (see 7.1); c) technique and e
47、quipment for attachment of anode bonding leads (see 8.1a); d) test weld production on pipes shorter than full length (see 8.1b); e) explanation for NDT failure if a test weld is to be destructively tested or re-welded to the same procedure (see 8.1d); f) welding procedure qualification test details
48、and WPS for production welding (see 8.1g); g) use of roll welding (see 8.3); h) alternative methods for ferrite determination (see 8.5.2.5.2); i) Charpy V-notch impact testing in the circumferential position (see 8.5.2.6.2). j) simulation of a fillet weld joint for welder approval using flat plate f
49、illet welds (see 9.4.1b); k) alternative methods of NDT for welder test pieces (see 9.6); l) giving a welder a second opportunity to gain approval (see 9.8); m) all documentation relating to welder qualification tests (see 9.9); n) the blending out by grinding of minor imperfections within the joint preparation area (see 10.2); o) method of marking for ultrasonic testing (see 10.2); p) method of obtaining minimum misalignment other than rotation of the pipes (see 10.4); q) alternative alignment methods other than internal line-up cla
