1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 2037 : 1994 Incorporat
2、ing Amendment No. 1 and implementing Amendment No. 2, not published separately ICS 97.145 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for Portable aluminium ladders, steps, trestles and lightweight stagingsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the
3、 direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1994 BSI 1998 First published October 1953 Second edition August 1964 Third edition November 1984 Fourth edition August 1990 Fifth edi
4、tion May 1994 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/512 Draft for comment 93/104619 DC ISBN 0 580 22610 7 BS 2037 : 1994 Issue 2, June 1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected 8870 October 1995 Indicated by a sideline in t
5、he margin 10011 June 1998 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/512, upon which the following bodies
6、 were represented: Aluminium Federation British Hardware and Housewares Manufacturers Association British Ladder Manufacturers Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Consumers Association Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, CA Division) Electricity Association Health and Sa
7、fety Executive Institute of Trading Standards Administration National Federation of Master Steeplejacks and Lighting Conductor Engineers Refractory Contractors AssociationBS 2037 : 1994 1 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword 3 Specification Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 4
8、1.2 References 4 1.3 Definitions 4 1.4 Classification of duty rating 5 1.5 Materials 5 1.6 Tolerances on sizes 5 1.7 Marking 6 Section 2. Specific types of ladders, steps, trestles and stagings 2.1 Single-section ladders and extending ladders 7 2.2 Shelf ladders 12 2.3 Swing back steps 12 2.4 Foldin
9、g platform steps 13 2.5 Ladder backed steps 14 2.6 Folding trestles 14 2.7 Lightweight stagings 15 2.8 Double sided steps 15 2.9 Combination ladders 16 Annexes A (informative) General test information 17 B (normative) Test for deflection of ladders and step fronts 17 C (normative) Strength test for
10、ladders, step fronts and trestle frames 17 D (normative) Ladder twist test 17 E (normative) Sideways bending (sway) test for ladders, step fronts and trestle frames 18 F (normative) Cantilever bending (horn end strength) test for ladders, step fronts and trestle frames 19 G (normative) Test for rung
11、s 21 H (normative) Test for treads of shelf ladders 21 J (normative) Tests for steps 21 K (normative) Test for trestles 21 L (normative) Test for lightweight stagings 22 M (informative) Recommendations for the care and use of ladders 22 N (normative) Torque test for round rungs 24 P (normative) Test
12、 for extension ladders 24BS 2037 : 1994 Issue 2, June 1998 2 BSI 1998 | Page Tables 1 Fittings for extending ladders 7 2 Ropes for extending ladders 8 3 Maximum allowable angle of twist 8 4 Minimum number of rungs 15 B.1 Loads for deflection test 17 B.2 Loads for strength test 17 E.1 Test loads for
13、sideways bending (sway) test 18 F. 1 Test loads for cantilever bending (horn end strength) test 19 G.1 Test loads for rungs, treads and platforms 21 J.1 Test loads for steps and trestles 21 N.1 Test torques for round rungs 24 Figures 1 Figure deleted 9 2 Maximum stile deflection under load 10 3 Tors
14、ional rigidity: maximum difference in deflection between stiles 11 D.1 Arrangement for twist test on single or extension ladder 18 E.1 Arrangement for sideways bending (sway) test 19 F. 1 Arrangement for horn deflection test 20 J.1 Method of fixing wheel to bottom of backleg for step test 22 List of
15、 references Inside back coverIssue 2, June 1998 BS 2037 : 1994 BSI 1998 3 | | | | Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. This edition introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or
16、revision of the standard. It supersedes BS 2037 : 1990 together with its amendments Nos. 1 and 2 which are withdrawn. The principal changes from the previous edition are: a) deletion of requirements for chemical and mechanical properties of certain aluminium alloys permitted for longitudinally welde
17、d tube; b) explanation of the effect on this standard of the publication and implementation by the UK of the European Standard for ladders, EN 131; c) addition of requirements for combination ladders. While earlier editions of this standard were concerned with products for use in building and civil
18、engineering, the present standard includes three classes according to the duty rating: class 1, suitable for industrial purposes; class 2 for less demanding applications such as the light trades; and class 3, which is intended for domestic users. NOTE. Any reference to class 2 in this British Standa
19、rd is solely related to folding trestles. Class 2 folding trestles under this British Standard are not included in BS EN 131 : Parts 1 and 2. The possibility of adopting performance requirements for the finished product as a means of allowing a wider choice of aluminium alloys, their condition and f
20、orm has been considered. However, it has been decided that this would be impractical in the light of existing experience and hence the permitted materials have been listed with some changes to those given in the earlier edition. As many of the accidents associated with ladders have occurred from mis
21、use, especially overloading, the standard requires the class and duty to be marked on the products. Annex M gives information on the care, use and maintenance of the products covered by the standard that may be provided by the manufacturer or supplier. Annex A gives general information relating to t
22、he tests described in subsequent annexes. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
23、4 BS 2037 : 1994 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for materials, details of construction and performance for portable aluminium ladders, steps, trestles and stagings of the following types: a) single-section ladders, including shelf ladders; b) extending ladd
24、ers; c) standing step ladders, including swing back steps, folding platform steps and ladder backed steps; d) folding trestles; e) lightweight stagings; f) combination ladders. This standard does not apply to ladders for special professional use such as fire brigade ladders, or to mobile ladders whi
25、ch require mechanical aids for erection. 1.2 References 1.2.1 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on
26、the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of t
27、hese publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 1.3.1 leaning ladder A ladder supported in use by a sep
28、arate structure, e.g. a wall. 1.3.2 single-section ladder A leaning ladder constructed and used as a single unit. 1.3.3 shelf ladder A single-section ladder fitted with treads that are intended to be horizontal in use. 1.3.4 extending ladder A leaning ladder consisting of two or three sections const
29、ructed so that the height can be varied, in increments of one rung spacing, by sliding the sections relative to each other. 1.3.5 standing step ladder A self-supporting ladder consisting of a front and back hinged together, the ascendable front being in the form of a shelf ladder. 1.3.6 swing back s
30、teps A standing step ladder in which the top is in the form of a tread and the back is merely a supporting frame. 1.3.7 folding platform steps A standing step ladder in which the top is constructed in the form of a working platform. 1.3.8 ladder backed steps A standing step ladder in which the back
31、is fitted with cross-bearers suitable for supporting a working platform. 1.3.9 folding trestles An arrangement of two frames hinged together, each fitted with cross-bearers suitable for supporting a working platform. 1.3.10 lightweight stagings A working platform constructed of stiles, cross-bearers
32、 and decking, to provide a flat working surface. 1.3.11 stiles The side members to which the rungs, treads or cross-bearers are fitted. 1.3.12 spacing (of rungs, treads or cross-bearers) The distance, measured along the longitudinal axis of the stiles between the same relative positions of the membe
33、rs. 1.3.13 combination ladder A ladder consisting of two sections which can be used in two or more of the following combinations as: a) a leaning or extending ladder; b) a standing ladder; or c) a stairwell ladder, i.e. a standing ladder which can be adjusted for differences in fore and aft ground l
34、evel. 1.3.14 standing ladder A self-supporting ladder consisting of a front and back hinged together, the ascendable front being an assembly constructed from stiles with either treads or rungs.Section 1 Issue 2, June 1998 BS 2037 : 1994 BSI 1998 5 | 1.4 Classification of duty rating The articles cov
35、ered by this standard shall be classified by the general conditions and probable frequency of use as given in a) to c). a) Class 1: industrial. For heavy duty where relatively high frequency and onerous conditions of use, carriage and storage occur. Suitable for industrial purposes. Duty rating 130
36、kg. b) Class 2: light trades (folding trestles only). For medium duty where relatively low frequency and reasonably good conditions of use, storage and carriage occur. Suitable for light trade purposes. Duty rating 110 kg. c) Class 3: domestic. For light duty where frequency of use is low and good s
37、torage and carriage conditions pertain. Suitable for domestic and household purposes. Duty rating 95 kg. 1.5 Materials 1.5.1 General The materials from which the component parts are made shall be in accordance with 1.5.2 to 1.5.6. 1.5.2 Guide brackets and fixed and latching hooks Guide brackets and
38、fixed and latching hooks shall be made from the materials given in either a), b), c) or d), as follows: a) aluminium alloys, as specified in 1.5.6; b) mild steel; c) whiteheart malleable cast iron conforming to BS 6681 : 1986; d) plastics. 1.5.3 Hinges Hinges shall be made from the materials given i
39、n either a), b), c) or d) as follows: a) aluminium alloys, as specified in 1.5.6; b) forged steel or steel strip; c) whiteheart malleable cast iron conforming to BS 6681 : 1986. d) plastics. 1.5.4 Feet of stiles and capping for upper ends of stiles or ends of treads Feet of stiles and capping for up
40、per ends of stiles or ends of treads shall be made from the materials given in either a), b) or c) as follows: a) plastics; b) rubber; c) timber. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1.5.5 Decking of lightweight stagings Decking of lightweight stagings shall be made from the materials given in either a), b)
41、or c) as follows: a) aluminium alloys, as specified in 1.5.6; b) plastics; c) timber (see 2.7.3). 1.5.6 Other components Other components shall be made from aluminium alloys as follows: a) drawn tube, extruded sections, longitudinally welded tube, components formed from sheet and strip, forging: 1)
42、selected from within the 1000, 3000, 5000 and 6000 series, provided that the material possesses an elongation at rupture A of minimum 5 % when tested in accordance with BS EN 10002; 2) further alloys within the 2000 and 7000 series may be used provided that surface protection is given in accordance
43、with the recommendations given in BS 8118 : Part 2. b) castings LM 6 and LM 25 of BS 1490 : 1988. NOTE 1. When used for class 1 articles, ferrous components should be protected against corrosion preferably to the standards required for external exposure by any of the materials and methods given in B
44、S 729, BS 1706 or BS 4921. In the case of class 2 and class 3 articles, protection against internal environments should suffice, precoated steel is acceptable and enamelling or plastics coating have been found to be adequate. NOTE 2. Plastics materials and rubber should be selected having regard to
45、the stresses to which they may be subjected and their resistance to environmental deterioration, especially that due to ultraviolet light. NOTE 3. The four digit identification designation of aluminium alloys in this standard is as given in other British Standards and in the International Registrati
46、on Record for Aluminium Alloys. Care should be taken not to confuse proprietary or manufacturers four digit designations with the aligned BS, IRR, or ISO designations. Further information on this identification system may be found in the BS 1470 series. 1.6 Tolerances on sizes 1.6.1 The dimensional
47、tolerances on the aluminium alloys used to fabricate ladders, steps, trestles and stagings shall conform to those given in the appropriate British Standard. 1.6.2 The spacing of rungs and treads on an individual ladder shall not vary by more than 2.0 mm from the nominal spacing selected by the manuf
48、acturer from the range specified in section 2. 1.6.3 A tolerance of 25 mm shall be permitted on the nominal length of all ladders covered by this standard.6 BSI 1998 BS 2037 : 1994 Issue 2, June 1998 Section 1 1) Marking BS 2037 : 1994 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declar
49、ation of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable. 2) Required only for single section ladders, extending ladders and combination ladders incorporating a leaning/extending ladder mode of operation. 3) Not required for single section and extending ladders. | 1.7 Marking 1.7.1 Equipment shall be clearly and durably marked w
