1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1902-5.11: 1986 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 5: Refractory and thermal properties Section 5.11 Determination of thermal spalling resistance by the prism test (method1902-511) UDC 666.76.017:620.1BS1902-5.11:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under th
2、e direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comes intoeffect on 31 July 1986 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPM/1 Draft for comment 85/36351 DC ISBN 0 580 15163
3、 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Refractory Products Standards Committee (RPM/-) to Technical Committee RPM/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Association British Steel Industry
4、 Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Refractories Association of Great Britain Refractory Contractors Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS1902-5.11:1986 BSI 08-
5、1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Designation 1 3 Definition 1 4 Principle 1 5 Apparatus 1 6 Test pieces 1 7 Procedure 1 8 Test report 2 Figure 1 Method of applying load 2 Figure 2 Test frame 3 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS1902-5.11
6、:1986 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 1902-5 has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee. Resistance to thermal spalling is not a property that can be readily quantified, and results have to be expressed in terms of the relative performance of a nu
7、mber of refractory products when tested by the same method. Many laboratory procedures are used to obtain such relative data, of which two have been selected for inclusion in BS1902-5. These are the method specified in this Section and that given in Section5.12 “Determination of resistance to therma
8、l shock by the “Ribbon” test” 1) . This Section supersedes the method given in Appendix B of BS1902-1A:1966, which will be deleted by amendment. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct app
9、lication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright dat
10、e) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) In preparation.BS1902-5.11:1986 BSI 08-1999 1 NOTEThis standard is to be read in conjunction with BS1902-5.0 “Introduction” and BS1902-3.1 “Guidance on sampling”. Section 5.0 sets
11、 out the general arrangement of BS1902 and lists the Sections of Part 5. 1 Scope This Section of BS 1902-5 describes the method for assessing thermal spalling resistance by the prism test. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Designat
12、ion The method described in this Section is referred to by the following designation: Method 1902-511 3 Definition For the purposes of this Section of BS1902-5, the following definition applies. resistance to thermal spalling the extent to which a refractory product resists damage when stressed afte
13、r being subjected to rapid fluctuations in temperature 4 Principle Small prisms of the test material are subjected to cycles of heating and cooling. After each such temperature cycle, they are subjected to a fixed load. The test continues until the prisms fail under the load, or for30cycles or, subj
14、ect to agreement, for a greater number of cycles (see note1 to7.7). 5 Apparatus 5.1 Furnace, capable of heating the test pieces described in6.2 to the desired test temperature, at the rate given in7.2. The furnace design shall be such that when the cooled test pieces are inserted, the fall in temper
15、ature shall not exceed20 C, and the test temperature is regained within5min. 5.2 Thermocouples, to measure the temperature and the temperature distribution over the space occupied by the test pieces. 5.3 Temperature recorder, for use in conjunction with the thermocouples (5.2). NOTEA potentiometric
16、recorder is preferred, so that a continuous record of the temperature is available. 5.4 Loading frame, by means of which a set load can be applied to the test piece as shown in Figure 1. The frame shall have the dimensions given in Figure 2 and shall be constructed of suitable rigid material. Its ma
17、ss shall be such that when a vertical upward force of20N is applied at position X (see Figure 2), the frame just tilts about the opposite edge. NOTEA suitable construction material is angle iron of section64mm 38mm 2mm. If necessary, an additional mass may be fixed to the frame member AB (see Figure
18、 2) in order to achieve the conditions given in5.4. 5.5 Tongs (see Figure 1), by means of which the test pieces are inserted and removed from the furnace, and the load applied to them. 5.6 Firebricks, for use as a cold surface on which to place the test pieces after each heating cycle. 6 Test pieces
19、 6.1 Sampling The number of items (e.g. bricks) to be tested, and the number of test pieces taken from each item (see6.2), shall be determined in accordance with a sampling plan, as required by the appropriate British Standard for the product. NOTEAn example of a plan for sampling refractory product
20、s is given in BS6065, and further guidance is given in BS1902-3.1, and in BS6434. 6.2 Preparation One or more test pieces shall be cut from each item. Each test piece shall be a rectangular prism,75mm 50mm 50mm, with tolerancesmm, in each dimension. Test pieces with cracks shall be rejected before t
21、esting and replaced by sound ones. This shall be reported in the test report. 7 Procedure 7.1 Dry each test piece at a temperature of110 5 C to constant mass. 7.2 Place the test pieces in the cold furnace and heat the furnace at a uniform rate so that the test temperature is reached in not less than
22、3h. Maintain this test temperature for30min. Silica bricks shall be tested at450 C. For all other materials test temperatures of either1000 C or1200 C shall be used. 7.3 Preheat the ends of the tongs and then use them to remove the test pieces from the furnace. Place each test piece on its50mm 50mm
23、face on a cold firebrick, in a position free from draughts. 7.4 Leave the test pieces standing for10min. Towards the end of this cooling period, examine the test pieces for cracks and loss of material, noting any such deterioration. 7.5 After the10min standing period, apply a bending load to each te
24、st piece in turn by holding one end evenly in the tongs, inserting the other end between the bars of the frame, and bearing steadily down on the handle of the tongs until the frame just rises at the point X (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). +2 0BS1902-5.11:1986 2 BSI 08-1999 During this operation no part
25、 of the tongs shall make contact with the frame. 7.6 Record the test pieces which fracture in the bend test. Place the remaining test pieces into the hot furnace (see5.1) for a minimum period of10min, starting after the furnace has regained the test temperature. 7.7 Repeat the procedures described i
26、n7.3 to7.6 for a total of30cycles of treatment or until all test pieces fail the bend test. NOTE 1Totals greater than30cycles may be used by agreement, but this should be noted in the test report. NOTE 2If it is found necessary to interrupt the test sequence for a short period, this should be after
27、the completion of a cycle with the test pieces placed in the furnace at the test temperature. If a longer interruption is necessary,e.g. overnight, the furnace and test pieces may be maintained at a conveniently lower temperature during this period, then raised to the test temperature and maintained
28、 for30min prior to continuing the test. 8 Test report The test report shall include the following. a) The name of the testing establishment. b) The date of the test. c) A reference to this Section, i.e. “determined in accordance with method1902-511” (see clause2). d) A description of the material te
29、sted (manufacturers type, batch number, etc.). e) The number of items tested and the number of test pieces taken from each item (see 6.1 and6.2). f) Any rejection of test pieces through observation of cracks. g) The test temperature (see7.2). h) For each test piece, a record of the number of thermal
30、 cycles after which cracks were first observed (see7.4). i) For each test piece, a record of the number of thermal cycles after which failure occurred in the bending test. If no such failure occurs after30cycles, record this figure as “30”. j) A description of the nature of each failure, indicating
31、the position of the cracks and of the fracture surface (see7.4 and7.6). Figure 1 Method of applying loadBS1902-5.11:1986 BSI 08-1999 3 Figure 2 Test frame4 blankBS1902-5.11:1986 BSI 08-1999 Publications referred to BS 1902, Methods of testing refractory materials. BS 1902-1A, Sampling and physical t
32、ests. BS 1902-3.1, Guidance on sampling. BS 1902-5.0, Introduction. BS 1902-5.12, Determination of resistance to thermal shock by the “Ribbon” test 2) . BS 6065, Methods for sampling and acceptance testing of shaped refractory products. BS 6434, Guide to the use of BS6065 “Methods for sampling and a
33、cceptance testing of shaped refractory products”. 2) In preparation.BS 1902-5.11: 1986 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the in
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