1、Kanwal Oberoi, ME, PE G200Operational Guide to A WW A Standard G200 Distribution Systems Operation and Management Copyright 2009 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec- tronic or mechanical,
2、 including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity
3、 of the content or any consequences of their use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to
4、, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book. Project Manager: Gay Porter DeNileon Production: Glacier Publishing Services, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oberoi, Kanwal.Operational guide
5、 to AWWA standard G200 : distribution systems operation and management / by Kanwal Oberoi.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 978-1-58321-734-4 1. Water-Distribution-Standards-United States. 2. Water utilities-Management-Standards-United States. I. Title. TD481.O24 2009 628.144021873-dc22
6、2009015705 Printed in the United States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Ave. Denver, CO 80235iii Contents SeCti On 1: ACkn OWle DGMent S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SeCti On 2: FOre WOr D . . . . . . . . .
7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SeCti On 3: i ntr ODu Cti On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SeCti On 4: r equire Ment S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Sec. 4.1 W ater Quality, 4 4.1.1 Compliance With Regulatory Requirements, 4 4.1.2 Monitoring and Control, 6 4.1.3 Disinfectant Residual Maintenance, 9 4.1.4 Additional Requirements for Utilities Not Utilizing a Disinfectant Residual
9、, 15 4.1.5 Internal Corrosion Monitoring and Control, 16 4.1.6 Aesthetic W ater Quality Parameters, 19 4.1.7 Customer Relations, 23 4.1.8 System Flushing, 26 Sec. 4.2 Distribution System Management Programs, 30 4.2.1 System Pressure, 30 4.2.2 Backflow Prevention, 33 4.2.3 Permeation Prevention, 37 4
10、.2.4 W ater Losses, 39 4.2.5 V alve Exercising and Replacement, 43 4.2.6 Fire Hydrant Maintenance and T esting, 46 4.2.7 Materials in Contact With Potable W ater, 49 4.2.8 Metering, 50 4.2.9 Flow, 54 4.2.10 External Corrosion, 59 4.2.11 Design Review for W ater Quality, 62 4.2.12 Energy Management,
11、66 Sec. 4.3 Facility Operations and Maintenance, 71 4.3.1 T reated W ater Storage Facilities, 71 4.3.2 Pump Station Operations and Maintenance, 74 4.3.3 Pipeline Rehabilitation and Replacement, 77 4.3.4 Disinfection of New or Repaired Pipes, 84iv Operational Guide to AWWA Standard G200 SeCti On 5: V
12、eri Fi CAti On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Sec. 5.1 Documentation Required, 86 5.1.1 General, 87 5.1.2 Examples of Documentation, 91 5.1.3 Control of Documents, 94 5.1.4 Control of Records, 99 Sec. 5.2 Human Resources,
13、101 5.2.1 General, 101 5.2.2 Competence, Awareness, and T raining, 105 SeCti On 6: re Feren Ce S An D re SOur Ce S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 SeCti On 7: Au Dit Che Ckli St . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . 1091 G200 Operational Guide Se Cti On 1: ACkn OWle DGMent S Special thanks are extended to Jaala Draper who provided the technical review for this publication. Also appreciation is extended to Jane Byrne, Patricia Moore, and Kevin Whitsett for their contributions. Thank you, too, to the
15、committees and volunteers that helped conceive the framework and develop the series of standards that led to the creation of this guidebook, particularly Eva Nieminski, Jim Ginley, and Todd Humphrey for their reviews and passion for excellence in water quality and operations. Se Cti On 2: FOre WOr D
16、 This operationial guide has been written as a guidance tool for the imple- mentation of water distribution systems operation and management (O therefore, identify which part of the utility will perform this review in the column titled: Responsibility for Current Version. Establish elec- tronic link
17、s in the column titled: Document Format/Location. This ensures that the most current requirements are available for reference. With hard-copy require- ments, list the location(s) of the hard-copy. All utility departments are required to ensure that regulatory and other require- ments are interpreted
18、 and applied to their operations. Those listed as “Responsible” are required to periodically ensure that the most recent legal and other require- ments are identified and listed. Note: This form may be replicated on a computer or duplicated on a photocopier. The computer copy must look similar to th
19、is docu- ment and contain the same information. Questions to Check Progress Does the utility have an established list of updated legal and regulatory 1. requirements? Has the utility communicated this information to all the stakeholders and 2. established systems to periodically review and update th
20、is form? Has the utility established programs to ensure regulatory requirements are 3. adhered to? Has the utility established a system of monitoring to ensure compliance 4. to the legal and regulatory requirements and to ensure water quality in the distribution system? 6 Operational Guide to AWWA S
21、tandard G200 4.1.2 Monitoring and Control 4.1.2.1 Sampling plan. The utility shall establish a routine distribution system sampling plan that is representative of the entire distribution system. The sampling plan shall be reviewed annually and adjustments made based on historical data trends, change
22、s in water use patterns, or other changes that may affect water quality. The utility shall analyze data trends and have an action plan to respond to changes. 4.1.2.2 Sample sites. Sample sites shall include, at a minimum, sites required for regula- tory compliance monitoring. Additional sites shall
23、be sampled as necessary to provide a complete picture of water quality in the system. The utility shall use sampling sites that are representative of all known distribution system conditions, including the following: variations in hydraulic detention time, pipeline materi- als, where booster disinfe
24、ction is applied, where water is stored, and where water quality deterioration (e.g., loss of disinfectant residual and increased microbial growth) is known, or suspected, to occur. Samples shall include locations that represent the longest detention time in the system, dead-end locations, areas of
25、low circulation, and finished water storage facilities. Locations where problems have occurred in the past require more frequent sampling. 4.1.2.3 Sample collection. Samples shall be collected in accordance with Standard Meth- ods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Chain of custody forms s
26、hall be used throughout the sampling process in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or regulatory requirements. Both sample collectors and the laboratory shall use standardized labels and forms. 4.1.2.4 Sample taps. Sample taps shall be protected from outside
27、 sources of contamina- tion. The integrity of the sample taps shall be evaluated annually to correct leaks or other potential sources of contamination. Rationale Water quality monitoring in the distribution system provides information on water quality conditions between the entry point to the system
28、 and the cus- tomers tap. It guides the utility in making changes in operations, maintenance, or treatment to improve overall water quality before water reaches the customer. The most common monitoring parameters used for distribution system water qual- ity include coliform bacteria; chlorine residual; heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria; pH; turbidity; disinfection by-products (DBPs); color, taste and odor; pressure; and water temperature.
