1、 2NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it iserror free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include allavailable information, including with respect to safety and he
2、alth issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insureanyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use. 2004 by American Welding Society. All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America3Basic Safety Precautions .4Int
3、roduction .6Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details7Legend for Groove Details 7Legend for AWS Joint Designations .8Square-groove weld (1)Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) 10Butt joint (B)11T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 12Single-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B)13Butt joint (B)14Corner joint (C)15Double-V-
4、groove weld (3)Butt joint (B)16Butt joint (B)17Single-U-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B)18Single-bevel-groove weld (4)T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 19Butt joint (B) . 20Double-bevel-groove weld (5)T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 21Butt joint (B) . 22Butt joint (B), T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 23Single-
5、U-groove weld (6)Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) 24Double-U-groove weld (7)Butt joint (B) . 25Single-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B) . 26T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 27Double-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B) . 28T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) 29Metric Conversion Table 30Other Publications Available
6、from AWS . 31Table of Contents4Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag,and hot work surfaces are produced by welding,cutting, and allied processes. These can causeburns if precautionary measures are not used.Workers should wear protective clothing madeof fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open
7、 pock-ets, or other places on clothing that can catchand retain molten metal or sparks should not beworn. High-top shoes or leather leggings andfire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legsshould be worn over the outside of high-topshoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide pro-tection for the fa
8、ce, neck, and ears, and a headcovering to protect the head should be used. Inaddition, appropriate eye protection should beused.Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill.However, it can be avoided. Live electricalparts should not be touched. The manufacturersinstructions and recommended safe pract
9、icesshould be read and understood. Faulty installa-tion, improper grounding, and incorrect opera-tion and maintenance of electrical equipmentare all sources of danger.All electrical equipment and the workpieceshould be grounded. The workpiece lead isnot a ground lead. It is used only to completethe
10、welding circuit. A separate connection isrequired to ground the workpiece. The work-piece should not be mistaken for a groundconnection.Basic Safety Precautions5Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting,and allied processes produce fumes and gaseswhich may be harmful to health. Avoid breath-ing the air
11、 in the fume plume directly above thearc. Do not weld in a confined area without aventilation system. Use point-of-welding fumeremoval when welding galvanized steel, zinc,lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, orbronze. Do not weld on piping or containersthat have held hazardous materials unless
12、 thecontainers have been inerted properly.Compressed Gas Cylinders. Keep caps oncylinders when not in use. Make sure that gascylinders are chained to a wall or other structuralsupport.Radiation. Arc welding may produce ultra-violet, infrared, or light radiation. Always wearprotective clothing and ey
13、e protection to pro-tect the skin and eyes from radiation. Shieldothers from light radiation from your weldingoperation.AWS also recommends a personal copy of “Arc Welding Safely,” “Fire Safety in Welding andCutting,” “Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes,” and “The Independent Shops Gui
14、deto Welding Safety and Health.”6This pocket handbook consists of selected weldedjoint details applicable to the welding of plate andshapes for structural applications. The joint detailsconform to the design and dimensions for PrequalifiedJoint Details in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, StructuralWelding CodeS
15、teel. The user should consult AWSD1.1/D1.1M:2004 (or later edition) for joint dimen-sional tolerances that are permissible and for notesconcerning application of the specific joint detail. Thejoint details shown in this pocket handbook are appli-cable for designing joints that are to be used in maki
16、ngcomplete joint penetration welds in plate and shapes.Several of the joint details in this pocket handbookare applicable for welding joints in tubular products.Submerged arc welding (SAW) is applicable fordiameters greater than 24 in. (610 mm). Joints to beused for tubular connections should have a
17、 grooveangle of not less than 60.These joint details specifically apply to welded jointsmade in low carbon construction steels. Several ofthese details may be applicable for welding alloysteels as well as structural aluminum. When applyingthe joint details in this pocket handbook to materialsother t
18、han low carbon construction steels, the appro-priate welding specifications for the specific materialshould be consulted.Introduction7Nomenclature of Groove Joint DetailsFigure 1Example of Details for Illustrative PurposeLegend forGroove DetailsShown:R = Root Opening (maximum)S1= Depth of Groove, Si
19、de 1S2= Depth of Groove, Side 2T = Base Metal Thickness = Groove Angle (minimum) = Bevel Angle (maximum)f = Root Face (maximum)Additional, But Not Illustrated:r = Groove radius (minimum)s = Spacer strip8Symbols for joint types(B) butt joint (C) corner joint (WP) Welding Positions Permitted(T) T-join
20、t (BC) butt or corner joint (GS) FCAW Gas Shielding Reqd.(TC) T- or corner joint (BTC) butt, T-, or corner joint (Desig.) AWS Joint DesignationSymbols for base metal thicknessL limited thickness U unlimited thicknessSymbols for weld types(1) square groove (6) single-U-groove(2) single-V-groove (7) d
21、ouble-U-groove(3) double-V-groove (8) single-J-groove(4) single-bevel-groove (9) double-J-groove(5) double-bevel-groove (10) flare bevel grooveLegend for AWS Joint Designations9Symbols for welding process, if notshielded metal arcS submerged arc weldingG gas metal arc weldingF flux cored arc welding
22、Welding processesSMAW shielded metal arc weldingGMAW gas metal arc weldingSAW submerged arc weldingFCAW flux cored arc weldingWelding positionsF flat H horizontalV vertical OH overheadThe lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc.,are used to differentiate between jointsthat would otherwise have the sa
23、me jointdesignation.BACKGOUGE(EXCEPT B-L1-S)Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAWDesig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-ST 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 maxRT1/2 1/8 0 0WP All All F FGS Not reqd. Figure 2Example ofDesignations for Illustrative Purpose10Square-groove weld (1)Butt joint (B)Corner joint (C)Wel
24、ding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWDesig. B-L1a C-L1a B-L1a-GFT11/4 max 1/4 max 3/8 maxT2URT1T1T1WP All All AllGS Not reqd.11Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAWDesig. B-L1b B-L1b-GF B-L1a-S B-L1-ST 1/4 max 3/8 max 5/8 max 3/8 maxRT1/2 1/8 0 0WP All All F FGS Not reqd. BACKGOUGE(EXCEPT B-L1-S)Square-groove
25、 weld (1)Butt joint (B)12Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. TC-L1b TC-L1-GF TC-L1-ST11/4 max 3/8 max 3/8 maxT2UUURT1/2 1/8 0WP All All FGS Not reqd. Square-groove weld (1)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)13Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAW SAWDesig. B-U2 B-U2-GF B-L2c-S B-L2c-S B-2Lc-ST U U 1/2 to 1
26、1 to 1-1/2 1-1/2 to 2R1/81/8000 60 60 60 60 60f 1/8 1/8 1/4 1/2 5/8WPAlAlFFFGS Not reqd. BACKGOUGESingle-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B)14Welding ProcessSMAW SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAWDesig. B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-L2a-S B-U2a-STUUU U U U2 maxUR 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/16
27、 3/8 1/4 1/4 5/8 45 30 20 30 30 45 30 20WP All F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH F FGS Required Not reqd. Not reqd. Single-V-groove weld (2)Butt joint (B)15Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. C-U2 C-U2-GF C-U2b-STUUUR 1/8 1/8 1/8 60 60 60f 1/8 1/8 1/4WP All All FGS Not reqd. Single-V-gr
28、oove weld (2)Corner joint (C)16Welding ProcessSMAW SMAW SMAW SAWDesig. B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a B-U3a-STUUUUR 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 45 30 20 20f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4s 1/8 R 1/8 R 1/8 R 1/4 RWP All F, V, OH F, V, OH FDouble-V-groove weld (3)Butt joint (B)17Welding Process For B-U3c-S onlySMAWGMAWFCAW SAWT1S1over toDes
29、ig. B-U3b B-U3-GF B-U3c-S 2 2-1/2 1-3/8T U U U 2-1/2 3 1-3/4R 1/8 1/8 0 3 3-5/8 2-1/8 60 60 60 3-5/8 4 2-3/8f 1/8 1/8 1/14 4 4-3/4 2-3/4S1 See table 4-3/4 5-1/2 3-1/4WP All All F 5-1/2 6-1/4 3-3/4GS Not reqd. Double-V-groove weld (3)Butt joint (B)18Welding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAW SA
30、W SAWDesig. B-U4a B-U4a B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-GF B-U4a-S B-U4a-STUUUUUUUR 1/4 3/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 3/8 1/4 45 30 30 45 30 30 45GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd. WP All All All All F, H F FSingle-U-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B)19Welding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAW SAW SAWDesig. TC-U4a TC-U4a
31、 TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S TC-U4a-STUUUUU UR 1/4 3/8 3/16 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 45 30 30 30 45 30 45GS Required Not reqd. Not reqd. WP All F, H, OH All F All F FSingle-bevel-groove weld (4)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)20Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. B-U4b B-U4b-GF B-U4b-STUUUR1/81/80 45
32、 45 60f 1/8 1/8 1/4WP All All FGS Not reqd. Single-bevel-groove weld (4)Butt joint (B)21Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. TC-U5b TC-U5-GF TC-U5-STUUUR1/81/80 45 45 60f 1/8 1/8 1/4GS Not reqd. WP All All FDouble-bevel-groove weld (5)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)22Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAWDesig. B
33、-U5a B-U5-GFTUUR1/81/8f1 45 45 15 15WP All AllGS Not reqd. Double-bevel-groove weld (5)Butt joint (B)23Welding ProcessSMAW SMAW SMAWDesig. B-U5b TC-U5a TC-U5aTUUUR 1/4 1/4 3/8 45 45 30f 1/8 1/8 1/8s 1/8 R 1/4 R 1/4 RWP All All F, OHDouble-bevel-groove weld (5)Butt joint (B)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C
34、)24Welding ProcessSMAW SMAW SMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWGMAWFCAWDesig. B-U6 B-U6 C-U6 C-U6 B-U6-GF C-U6-GFTUUUU U UR 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 45 20 45 20 20 20f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4GSNot reqd.Not reqd.WP All F, OH All F, OH All All Single-U-groove weld (6)Butt joint (B)Corner joint (
35、C)25Welding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW SMAWDesig. B-U7 B-U7 B-U7-GF B-U7-STUUUUR 1/8 1/8 1/8 0 45 20 20 20f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4WP All F, OH All FGS Not reqd. Double-U-groove weld (7)Butt joint (B)26Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. B-U8 B-U8-GF B-U8-STUUUR1/81/80 45 30 45f 1/8 1/8 1/4
36、r 3/8 3/8 3/8WP All All FGS Not reqd. Single-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B)27Welding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAW SAWDesig. TC-U8a TC-U8a TC-U8a-GF TC-U8a-STUUUUR 1/8 1/8 1/8 0 45 30 30 45f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/4r 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8WP All F, OH All FGS Not reqd. Single-J-groove weld (8)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C
37、)28Welding ProcessSMAWGMAWFCAWDesig. B-U9 B-U9-GFTUUR1/81/8 45 30f1/81/8r3 3WP All AllGS Not reqd.Double-J-groove weld (8)Butt joint (B)29Welding ProcessSMAW SMAWGMAWFCAWDesig. TC-U9a TC-U9a TC-U9a-GFTUUUR 1/8 1/8 1/8 45 30 30f 1/8 1/8 1/8r 3/8 3/8 3/8WP All F, OH AllGS Not reqd.Double-J-groove weld
38、 (8)T-joint (T)Corner joint (C)30Metric Conversion Table(Commonly used conversions)Property To Convert From To Multiply byarea inches2millimeters26.452 102millimeters2inches21.550 103flow rate feet3/hour liters/minute 0.472liters/minute feet3/hour 2.119linear inches millimeters 25.4millimeters inches 3.937 102inches centimeters 2.54centimeters inches 0.3937feet meters 0.305meters feet 3.281mass (weight) pounds kilograms 2.205kilograms pounds 0.454pressure psi kilopascal (kPa) 6.895kPa psi 0.145tensile strength psi megapascal (MPa) 6.895 103MPa psi 1.450 102
