1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0300226.2001(R2011) Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using produc
2、ts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation o
3、f an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn
4、at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National St
5、andards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer Revision of T1.226-1992) American National Standard for Telecommunications Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM or A procedure used in trouble isolation whereby a signal is returned to its source along the same path on which it was re
6、ceived. 3.58 maintainability (performance): The ability of an item under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform a required function, when maintenance is performed under given conditions and using stated procedures and resources. NOTE The term maint
7、ainability is used as a measure of maintainability performance. 3.59 maintenance: The whole of the operations required for setting up and maintaining, within prescribed limits, any element including data bases entering into the setting-up of a connection. In telephony, maintenance is particularly co
8、ncerned with circuits, signalling links, switching and signalling equipment software programs, and databases. Typical maintenance actions include: a) Carrying out setting-up measurements and adjustments; b) Planning and programming a maintenance scheme; c) Carrying out the prescribed routine prevent
9、ive maintenance measurements and all other tests and measurements deemed necessary; and d) Locating and clearing faults including software and data base errors. 3.60 maintenance: a) automatic maintenance: The maintenance accomplished without human intervention. b) controlled maintenance: A method to
10、 sustain a desired quality of service by the systematic application of analysis techniques using centralized supervisory facilities, or sampling, or both, to minimize preventive maintenance and to reduce corrective maintenance. c) corrective maintenance: The maintenance carried out after fault recog
11、nition and intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform a required function. d) deferred maintenance: Corrective maintenance that is not immediately initiated after a fault recognition but is delayed in accordance with given maintenance rules. e) preventive maintenance: The mainten
12、ance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item. 3.61 maintenance entity (ME): Refers to a unit of equipment(s) with defined interface points that can be used for operat
13、ion and maintenance activities (e.g., fault sectionalization, performance monitoring). A ME may also have its own failure alarms located at the ME. 3.62 maintenance event information (MEI): This information has to be generated as a consequence of events when no immediate actions by the maintenance s
14、taff are required because the total performance is not endangered. The maintenance actions can be performed on a scheduled basis or after the accumulation of maintenance event information. 3.63 maintenance philosophy: A system of underlying principles for the organization and execution of the mainte
15、nance. 3.64 maintenance strategy: A plan for the organization and execution of maintenance. 3.65 maintenance support (performance): The ability of a maintenance organization, under given conditions, to provide upon demand the resources required to maintain an item, under a given maintenance policy.
16、ATIS-0300226.2001 8 NOTE The given conditions are related to the item itself and to the conditions under which the item is used and maintained. 3.66 management entities: Groups of capabilities that collectively provide management functions, such as operations, administration, maintenance, and provis
17、ioning. For the network part, the functions may be implemented by a combination of capabilities in the network elements and operations systems. For the subscriber part, management functions may be contained within the subscriber installations. 3.67 management information base (MIB): Refers to inform
18、ation that exists in an open system and that may be transferred or affected through the use of management protocols. This does not imply any form of storage for the management information base. 3.68 management inhibit: A procedure used in signalling traffic management to keep a signalling link unava
19、ilable to User-Part-generated signalling traffic except for test and maintenance traffic. 3.69 medium-term bit error rate: Bit error rate that can be encountered over a period of several minutes due to temporary malfunctions of, for example, transmissions equipment. 3.70 message signal unit (MSU): A
20、 signal unit that contains service information and signalling information fields and is retransmitted by the signalling link control if it is received in error. The value of length indicator for a message signal unit is always greater than 2. 3.71 message transfer part (MTP): The functional part of
21、a Common Channel Signalling System No. 7 that provides transport for signalling messages as required by all the users and which performs the necessary subsidiary functions. For example, error control and signalling security. 3.72 network element (NE): A grouping of telecommunication and related equi
22、pment that can communicate operations and administrative messages over one or more standard interfaces for the purposes of being monitored, controlled, or both. 3.73 network indicator (NI): Information within the service information octet of the message signal unit that permits discrimination betwee
23、n national and international messages. 3.74 network management: Refers to processes that optimize the use of network resources on a short-term basis in response to changes in traffic while simultaneously insuring an acceptable grade of service for a given situation. The process may include network s
24、urveillance data collection and situation analysis to formulate a response. Actions taken may include making changes to network routing, network configuration, or both. 3.75 network planning: Planning and engineering processes that provide plans and specifications for implementation of the network.
25、The processes require long-term traffic forecasts based on planned new service, extrapolation of existing traffic patterns, and evaluation of new technology for network implementation. 3.76 network surveillance: A process concerned with surveillance of the network as a whole. It includes activities
26、for coordination and assigning priorities to maintenance actions. The information necessary to support this process comes from alarms measurements and indicators of operational (including congestion) status. 3.77 non-associated mode of signalling: The signalling mode in which messages involving two
27、(nonadjacent) signalling points are communicated between them over two or more signalling links in tandem passing through one or more signalling transfer points other than those which are the origin and destination of the messages. See also mode of signalling and quasi-associated mode of signalling.
28、 3.78 No. 7 exchange: An exchange utilizing signalling System No. 7. ATIS-0300226.2001 9 3.79 normal routing: The routing of a given signalling traffic stream under normal (in the absence of failures) conditions. 3.80 operations: Refers to the activities, processes, and infrastructure needed to oper
29、ate or control the network on a day-to-day basis. Based on distillation of its experience, it provides input for long-range planning of the network. 3.81 operations, maintenance administration part (OMAP): Refers to application layer protocols and procedures for management of selective functions per
30、taining to operations, maintenance and administration of SS7 networks. The protocols and procedures use transaction capability application part (TCAP) services and are invoked by the system management application process (SMAP). An example of OMAP procedure and protocol is MTP Routing Verification T
31、est (MRVT). 3.82 operations systems (OS): An OS is a system that processes information related to the management or control or the management and control of telecommunication management functions. 3.83 originating point code (OPC): A part of the routing label in a signalling message that uniquely id
32、entifies the originating point of that signalling message in a signalling network. 3.84 point code: See signalling point code. 3.85 positive acknowledgment: A method whereby the receiving signalling link terminal acknowledges the acceptance of one or more message signal units. 3.86 preventive cyclic
33、 retransmission method: A non-compelled forward error correction method that uses positive acknowledgments to support forward error correction. Error correction is effected by preventive cyclic retransmission of the message signal units already sent, though not yet acknowledged. Preventive cyclic re
34、transmission takes place whenever there are no new message signal units or link status signal units available to be sent. 3.87 primary point code (PPC): Refers to the point code identification of the primary destination of the SCCP Routing Verification Test (SRVT) message. 3.88 processor outage: A s
35、ituation in which a signalling link becomes unavailable due to factors at a functional level higher than level 2. This may be because of, for example, a central processor failure. It may also be due to a manually initiated blocking of an individual signalling link. 3.89 provisioning: Service provisi
36、oning refers to processes that arrange and connect equipment and facilities, create their associated software and data base translations in response to service demands and forecasts. Provisioning does not include equipment installations, but the state of the equipment (i.e., in service, out of servi
37、ce, stand by, reserved, etc.) may also be controlled by provisioning functions. 3.90 quality of service: The collective effect of service performances that determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service. 3.91 quasi-associated mode of signalling: A limited case of the non-associated mo
38、de of signalling in which the path taken by a message through the signalling network is predetermined and fixed at a given point in time. 3.92 random errors: Errors distributed over the signal in time so that they can be considered statistically independent from each other. 3.93 redundancy; standby:
39、 That redundancy wherein one means for performing a required function is intended to operate while the alternative means are inoperative until needed. ATIS-0300226.2001 10 3.94 reliability (performance): The ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time pe
40、riod. NOTES: 1) It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval; 2) The term reliability is used as a measure of reliability performance. 3.95 restoration/recovery: That event when the item regains the ability to perform a r
41、equired function after a fault. 3.96 retransmission buffer: Storage in the signalling link control for signal units that have been transmitted but not yet positively acknowledged. 3.97 retrieval: The process of transferring all messages in the retransmission buffer of a particular signalling link to
42、 the transmission buffers of alternative signalling links. 3.98 route set congestion control: A procedure included in the signalling route management that is used to update the congestion status of a signalling route at a given signalling point. 3.99 route verification: Refers to procedures that per
43、mit a signalling point to determine the accuracy and consistency of its routing data by sending a test message and analyzing the response message to determine whether the sent message traversed the expected route. 3.100 routine or periodic testing: Items are tested periodically, initiated either by
44、the system or by the maintenance staff. The frequency of the test depends on the importance of the item, the failure rate, and the number of items of that type present in the element. 3.101 routing label: The part of the message label that is used for message routing in the signalling network. It in
45、cludes the destination point code, the originating point code, and the signalling link selection field. 3.102 SCCP relay node: See translation signalling point. 3.103 sequence-controlled diversion procedure: A signalling traffic management procedure used to divert a given traffic flow (towards one o
46、r more destinations) from an alternative signalling link to the signalling link that has become available. The signalling point initiating Changeback performs the following actions: a) It stops transmitting the concerned traffic on the alternative signalling link. This traffic is stored in a Changeb
47、ack buffer; and b) It sends a Changeback declaration to the remote signalling point via the concerned alternative signalling link. This message indicates that no more MSUs pertaining to the traffic being diverted will be sent on the alternative signalling link. Traffic is diverted to the link made a
48、vailable after receipt of a Changeback acknowledgment message from the distant end. 3.104 secondary point code (SPC): Refers to the point code identification of the secondary destination of the SRVT message. 3.105 service: A set of functions offered to a user by an organization. 3.106 service, beare
49、r service: A type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of signals between user-network interfaces. ATIS-0300226.2001 11 3.107 service indicator (SI): Information, within a signalling message, that identifies the user to which the message belongs. 3.108 service information octet (SIO): Eight bits contained in a message signal unit, comprising the service indicator and the subservice field. 3.109 service integrity: The degree, to which a service is provided, without excessive impairments, once obtained. NOTE This service is characterized by the
