1、Designation: G130 06G130 12Standard Test Method forCalibration of Narrow- and Broad-Band UltravioletRadiometers Using a Spectroradiometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAccurate and precise measurements of ultraviolet irradiance are required in the determination
3、 of theradiant exposure of both total and selected narrow bands of ultraviolet radiation for the determinationof exposure levels in (1) outdoor weathering of materials, (2) indoor accelerated exposure testing ofmaterials using manufactured light sources, and (3) UV-Aand UV-B ultraviolet radiation in
4、 terms bothof the assessment of climatic parameters and the changes that may be taking place in the solarultraviolet radiation reaching earth.Although meteorological measurements usually require calibration of pyranometers and radiom-eters oriented with axis vertical, applications associated with ma
5、terials testing require an assessmentof the calibration accuracy at orientations with the axis horizontal (usually associated with testing inindoor exposure cabinets) or with the axis at angles typically up to 45 or greater from the horizontal(for outdoor exposure testing). These calibrations also r
6、equire that deviations from the cosine law, tilteffects, and temperature sensitivity be either known and documented for the instrument model ordetermined on individual instruments.This test method requires calibrations traceable to primary reference standards maintained by anational metrological lab
7、oratory that has participated in intercomparisons of standards of spectralirradiance.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the calibration of ultraviolet light-measuring radiometers possessing either narrow- or broad-bandspectral response distributions using either a scanning or a linear-diode-array s
8、pectroradiometer as the primary referenceinstrument. For transfer of calibration from radiometers calibrated by this test method to other instruments, Test Method E824should be used.NOTE 1Special precautions must be taken when a diode-array spectroradiometer is employed in the calibration of filter
9、radiometers having spectralresponse distributions below 320-nm wavelength. Such precautions are described in detail in subsequent sections of this test method.1.2 This test method is limited to calibrations of radiometers against light sources that the radiometers will be used to measureduring field
10、 use.NOTE 2For example, an ultraviolet radiometer calibrated against natural sunlight cannot be employed to measure the total ultraviolet irradiance ofa fluorescent ultraviolet lamp.1.3 Calibrations performed using this test method may be against natural sunlight, Xenon-arc burners, metal halide bur
11、ners,tungsten and tungsten-halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, etc.1.4 Radiometers that may be calibrated by this test method include narrow-, broad-, and wide-band ultraviolet radiometers, andnarrow-, broad, and wide-band visible-region-only radiometers, or radiometers having wavelength response dist
12、ributions that fallinto both the ultraviolet and visible regions.NOTE 3For purposes of this test method, narrow-band radiometers are those with 20 nm, broad-band radiometers are those with 20 nm 70 nm, and wide-band radiometers are those with 70 nm.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
13、 Committee G03 on Weathering and Durabilityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.09 on Radiometry.Current edition approved June 1, 2006June 1, 2012. Published July 2006January 2013. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 asG13095(2002)G13006 DOI: 10.15
14、20/G0130-06.10.1520/G0130-12.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends
15、 that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 4For purposes
16、of this test method, the ultraviolet region is defined as the region from 285 to 400-nm wavelength, and the visible region isdefined as the region from 400 to 750-nm wavelength. The ultraviolet region is further defined as being either UV-A with radiation of wavelengths from315 to 400 nm, or UV-B wi
17、th radiation from 285 to 315-nm wavelength.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
18、ylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionE824 Test Method for Transfer of Calibration From Reference to Field RadiometersE973 Test Method for Determination of the Spectral Mismatch Parameter Between a Photovoltaic Device and a Ph
19、otovoltaicReference CellG138 Test Method for Calibration of a Spectroradiometer Using a Standard Source of Irradiance2.2 Other Documents: CIE Publication No. 63 The Spectrodiometric Measurement of Light Sources3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 broad-band radiometera relative term generally applied
20、 to radiometers radiometerric detectors with interference filtersor cut-on/cut-off filter pairs having a FWHM between 20 and 70 nm and with tolerances in center (peak) wavelength and FWHMno greater than 62 nm.3.1.2 diode array detectora detector with from 50 to 1000a number of silicon photodiodes af
21、fixed side-by-side in a lineararray and mounted in the focal plane of the exit slit of a monochromator.3.1.3 full width at half maximum (FWHM)in a bandpass filter, FWHM is the interval between wavelengths at whichtransmittance is 50 % of the peak, frequently referred to as bandwidth.3.1.4 narrow-ban
22、d radiometera relative term generally applied to radiometers with interference filters with FWHM 20 nmand with tolerances in center (peak) wavelength and FWHM no greater than6 2 nm.3.1.5 National Metrological Institution (NMI)A nations internationally recognized standardization laboratory.3.1.5.1 Di
23、scussionThe International Bureau of Weights and Measurements (abbreviation BIPM from the French terms) establishes the recognitionthrough Mutual RecognitionAgreements. See http:/www.bipm.org/en/cipm-mra. The NMI for the United States ofAmerica is theNational Institute for Standards and Technology (N
24、IST).3.1.6 scanning monochromatora monochromator that an instrument for isolating narrow bands of wavelength of light thatadmits broadband light through an entrance slit, directs the light to a dispersive element (prism or grating), and uses either a single,or several interchangeable, detector(s) mo
25、unted at the exit slit, that an exit slit. The detector is presented with dispersed light bysweeping the spectrum across the slit to illuminate the detector with a succession of different very narrow wavelength lightdistributions. The detector may be either a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or silicon ph
26、otodiode (visible), or a an ultraviolet-enhancedPMT or an ultraviolet-enhanced silicon photodiode (ultraviolet and visible), or a lead sulfide cell or other solid state detector (nearinfrared), etc. The dispersed spectrum is swept across the monochromators exit slit using a mechanical stage that rot
27、ates eithera prism or a grating dispersive the element, usually under the control of an external microprocessor or computer.3.1.7 spectroradiometera radiometer consisting of a monochromator with special acceptance optics mounted to the entranceaperture and a detector mounted to the exit aperture, us
28、ually provided with electronic or computer encoding of wavelength andradiometric intensity. The monochromator of such instruments is either of the linear diode (often called diode array) or thescanning type.3.1.8 wide-band radiometera relative term generally applied to radiometers with combinations
29、of cut-off and cut-on filterswith FWHM greater than 70 nm.3.2 For other terms relating to this test method, see Terminology E772.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method represents the preferable means for calibrating both narrow-band and broad-band ultraviolet radiometers.Calibration of narrow-
30、and broad-band ultraviolet radiometers involving direct comparison tomeasurement of a standard source of2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards
31、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.G130 122spectral irradiance is an alternative method for calibrating ultraviolet radiometers.AnASTM test method describing this procedureis under development by Subcommittee G03.09 on Radiometry.This approach is valid only if corrections for the spectral re
32、sponseof the instrument and the spectral mismatch between the calibration spectral distribution and the target spectral distribution canbe computed. See Test Method E973 for a description of the spectral mismatch calculation.4.2 The accuracy of this calibration technique is dependent on the conditio
33、n of the light source (for example, cloudy skies,polluted skies, aged lamps, defective luminaires, etc.), and on source alignment, source to receptor distance, and source powerregulation.NOTE 5It is conceivable that a radiometer might be calibrated against a light source that represents an arbitrari
34、ly chosen degree of aging for its classin order to present to both the test and reference radiometers a spectrum that is most typical for the type.4.3 Spectroradiometric measurements performed using either an integrating sphere or a cosine receptor (such as a shapedTFEPTFE3, or Al2O3 diffuser plate)
35、 provide a measurement of hemispherical spectral irradiance in the plane of the spheresentrance port.As such, the aspect of the receptor plane relative to the reference light source must be defined (azimuth and tilt fromthe horizontal for solar measurements, normal incidence with respect to the beam
36、 component of sunlight, or normal incidence andthe geometrical aspect with respect to an artificial light source, or array). It is important that the geometrical aspect between theplane of the spectroradiometers source optics and that of the radiometer being calibrated be as nearly identical as poss
37、ible.NOTE 6When measuring the hemispherical spectral energy distribution of an array of light sources (for lamps), normal incidence is defined by thecondition obtained when the plane of the spheresreceiver aperture is parallel to the plane of the lamp, or burner, array.emitting area.4.4 Calibration
38、measurements performed using a spectroradiometer equipped with a pyrheliometer-comparison tube (asky-occluding tube), regardless of whether affixed directly to the monochromators entrance slit, to the end of a fibrefiber opticbundle, or to the aperture of an integrating sphere, shall not be performe
39、d unless the radiometer being calibrated is configured asa true pyrheliometer (that is, unless it possesses pyrheliometer (possesses a view-limiting device having the approximate opticalconstants of the spectroradiometers pyrheliometer-comparison tube).4.5 Spectroradiometric measurements performed u
40、sing source optics other than the integrating sphere or the “standard”pyrheliometer comparison tube, shall be agreed upon in advance between all involved parties.4.6 Calibration measurements that meet the requirements of this test method are traceable to a national metrological laboratorythat has pa
41、rticipated in intercomparisons of standards of spectral irradiance, largely through the traceability of the standard lampsand associated power supplies employed to calibrate the spectroradiometer.spectroradiometer according to G138, the manufac-turers specified procedures, or CIE Publication 63.4.7
42、The accuracy of calibration measurements performed employing a spectroradiometer is dependent on, among otherrequirements, the degree to which the temperature of the mechanical components of the monochromator are maintained duringfield measurements in relation to those that prevailed during calibrat
43、ion of the spectroradiometer. 1NOTE 7This requirement is covered in detail in an ASTM standard under development in Subcommittee G03.09 on Radiometry.5. Apparatus5.1 Reference Spectroradiometers:5.1.1 The spectroradiometer employed as the reference radiometer shall, regardless of whether it consists
44、 of a scanning or alinear-diode-array monochromator, be calibrated within the last month in accordance with the procedures specified by G138CIEPublication 63. CIE Publication 63, or specific calibration procedures required by the manufacturer.4 and the manufacturer.5.1.1.1 It is recommended that the
45、 reference spectroradiometer, or one of its exact type, has been a participatingspectroradiometer in an intercomparison of spectroradiometers either managed, sponsored, or sanctioned by a nationalmetrological laboratory, or another appropriate body. Such interlaboratory comparisons should include th
46、e spectral range of interestin the application. See references 2-65.1.1.2 Alternatively, it is recommended that the reference spectroradiometer shall have participated in an intercomparison becalibrated by measurement of a primary spectral irradiance standard reference lamp source that is either man
47、aged, sponsored, orsanctioned produced by a national metrological laboratory, or another appropriate body.laboratory,(NMI) or measurement of atransfer standard lamp generated by comparison with a primary standard of spectral irradiance lampThe traceability of the lampcalibration source and attendant
48、 uncertainty shall be reported.5.1.2 If a linear diode-array spectroradiometer is used as the reference, it shall possess focusing optics internal to themonochromator and a linear diode array detector with a sufficient number of diodes that, together, result in a resolving power of1 nm or less. The
49、monochromators dispersive element shall be a holographic grating, and the spectroradiometers acceptanceoptics shall consist of either an integrating sphere with appropriately sized and oriented light entrance port, or a shaped translucentdiffuser plate (such as a TFE orAl2O3 wafer) whose deviation from true cosine response is small and known.Afurther requirement3 Tetrafluoroethylene such as a special grade of Teflon or an equivalent material, has been found suitable.Polytetrafluoroethylene4 The Spectrodiometric Measurement of Light
