1、Designation: F2851 10 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forUAS Registration and Marking (Excluding Small UnmannedAircraft Systems)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice prescribes guidelines for the display ofmarks to indicate appropriate UAS registrati
3、on and ownershipfor all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) except those cat-egorized as small UAS (sUAS) by regulatory authorities. TheFAA is developing a Special Federal Aviation Regulation(SFAR) to define the term small UAS and provide regulationsfor these aircraft.1.2 This practice will allow determ
4、ination of nationality incases where UAS may cross international boundaries.1.3 This practice does not apply to sUAS. The InternationalCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has left the designation ofsUAS to each state and the states will develop rules andregulations for sUAS.1.4 This practice does not
5、 apply to model aircraft.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory
6、 limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organiz
7、ation TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2395 Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (With-drawn 2014)32.2 Federal Aviation Regulations:414 CFR 45 Identification and registration marking14 CFR 47 Aircraft registration2.3 Other Standard:Annex 7 t
8、o the Convention on International Civil Avia-tion Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks53. Terminology3.1 No new terminology required. See Terminology F2395for terminology relating to unmanned aircraft systems.4. Significance and Use4.1 Aircraft flying in national airspace are required by theI
9、CAO Chicago Convention and national regulatory rules tohave visible markings to determine nationality and registration.UAS shall comply with these rules, although small UAS willhave unique rules or exemptions from existing rules due totheir small size. This standard is designed to allow UAS tocomply
10、 with these marking requirements in Annex 7 to theConvention on International CivilAviation as amended by stateregulatory rules.4.2 Many ICAO states are assigning UAS to differentclasses and categories to define the rules UAS must operateunder. The ICAO Annex 7 Standards and RecommendedPractices (SA
11、RPS) apply to UASAircraft with the exception ofsmall UAS. The classification of what constitutes a small UAS(sUAS) has been left to ICAO states and the rules under whichsUAS operate are dictated by each state.4.3 This practice follows ICAO Annex 7 SARPS except inareas where the unique aspects of UAS
12、 may not allowcompliance. In these cases, this document will address theissue and recommend the need for an alternate compliancemethod.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on UnmannedAircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.01 onAirworthiness.Cu
13、rrent edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2851 10. DOI:10.1520/F2851-10R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
14、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SD
15、E, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-sity Street, Montral, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada, http:/www.icao.int/index.html.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B
17、arriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Location of Nationality, Common, and RegistrationMarks5.1 GeneralAnnex 7 to the Convention on InternationalCivil Aviation contains the standards and recommended prac-tices for the registration and marking of aircraft. Signatures tothe Chicago convention must abid
18、e by these SARPS unless anexception is taken for individual states on any part of Annex 7.These exceptions can be found in the supplement to Annex 7.5.2 Annex 7 applies to unmanned aircraft systems with theexception of those declared small UAS by national regulatoryauthorities.5.3 Regulatory authori
19、ties will develop national proceduresfor small UAS.6. Identification Plate Exception6.1 An aircraft shall carry an identification plate inscribedwith at least its nationality or common mark and registrationmark. The plate shall be made of fireproof metal or otherfireproof material of suitable physic
20、al properties and shall besecured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the entrancedoor. Since UAS may not have an entrance door, it isrecommended that the identification plate shall be placed in aprominent position on the UAS near the entrance to thepayload bay, in the payload bay or other
21、compartment but mustbe easily accessible.7. Keywords7.1 International Civil Aviation Organization; nationalitymarkings; registration and marking; UAS; unmanned aircraftsystemsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. UNITED STATES RULES ON MARKING AND REGISTRATION OF AIRCRAFT TO INCLUDE UNMANNED AIRCRAFTSYSTE
22、MSNOTE A1.1The United States regulations for marking and registrationof aircraft are contained 14 CFR 45 (SubPart C) and 14 CFR 47. Theapplicable portions of these regulations will apply to all classes of UASexcept those designated small UAS by the regulatory authority (FAA) dueto their small size a
23、nd limited capabilities.A1.1 Nationality and Registration MarksA1.1.1 General:A1.1.1.1 14 CFR Part 45 Subpart CNationality andRegistration marks regulations shall apply to both manned andunmanned aircraft with the exception of small UAS and inconditions where UAS cannot comply with existing regula-t
24、ions. In these cases, the UAS manufacturer should contact theFederal Aviation Administration for an exemption.A1.1.1.2 14 CFR Part 47Aircraft registration regulationsshall apply to both manned and unmanned aircraft with theexception of small UAS and in conditions where UAS cannotcomply with existing
25、 regulations. In these cases, the UASmanufacturer should contact the Federal Aviation Administra-tion (FAA) for an exemption.A1.2 Exceptions to Nationality and Registration MarksA1.2.1 General:A1.2.1.1 No person may operate a U.S.-registered un-manned aircraft system unless that aircraft displays na
26、tionalityand registration marks in accordance with the requirements ofthis section or receives an exemption from the FAA. UASabove the sUAS category but smaller than most aircraft mayrequire exemptions due to their small size.A1.2.1.2 Aircraft nationality and registration marks must:(1) Be painted o
27、n the aircraft or affixed by any other meansinsuring a similar degree of permanence;(2) Have no ornamentation;(3) Contrast in color with the background; and(4) Be legible.A1.2.2 Location of Marks on Fixed Wing Aircraft:A1.2.2.1 The operator of a fixed-wing aircraft shall displaythe required marks on
28、 either the vertical tail surfaces or thesides of the fuselage.A1.2.2.2 The marks shall be displayed as follows:(1) If displayed on the vertical tail surfaces, horizontally onboth surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces of a single verticaltail or on the outer surfaces of a multivertical tail. Howev
29、er, onaircraft on which marks at least 3 inches high may bedisplayed, the marks may be displayed vertically on thevertical tail surfaces.(2) If displayed on the fuselage surfaces, horizontally onboth sides of the fuselage between the trailing edge of the wingand the leading edge of the horizontal st
30、abilizer. However, ifengine pods or other appurtenances are located in this area andare an integral part of the fuselage side surfaces, the operatormay place the marks on those pods or appurtenances.(3) If either one of the surfaces authorized for displayingrequired marks is large enough for display
31、 of marks meetingthe size requirements of this section and the other is not, fullsize marks shall be placed on the larger surface. If neithersurface is large enough for full-size marks, marks as large aspracticable shall be displayed on the larger of the two surfaces.If no surface authorized to be m
32、arked is large enough forF2851 10 (2018)2full-size marks, marks as large as practicable shall be placed on the largest of the authorized surfaces.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of
33、 this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
34、 years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical co
35、mmittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
36、19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2018)3
