1、Designation: F2825 10Standard Practice forClimatic Stressing of Packaging Systems for Single ParcelDelivery1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis for evaluating, ina laboratory, the ability of a packaging system to withstand aran
3、ge of climatic stresses that a packaging system may beexposed to during distribution throughout the world and stillprovide the product protection from damage or alteration.1.2 This practice is designed as conditioning prior to testingfor overnight or two-day delivery systems of a single parcelpackag
4、ing system or as a standalone test for climatic stressingof packaging systems.1.3 This practice does not cover refrigerated, frozen foodstorage, or cryogenic storage conditions. Only the climaticenvironments encountered in various regions of the world arecovered by this practice.1.4 The values state
5、d in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not c
6、onsidered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and
7、Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)F17 Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Packaging2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 2233 PackagingComplete, Filled Transport Pack-ages: Conditioning for Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions used in this practice, seeTerminologies D996 and F17.3.1.1 climatic stressingexp
8、osing packaging system testsamples to conditions of temperature and humidity for aspecified period of time which would simulate expectedconditions seen in the defined storage and distribution system.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Products shipped through the distribution environment,regardless of mode of
9、 transportation, encounter various cli-matic and physical environments as they pass through differentparts of the world at various times of the year. This practice isdesigned to provide guidance when establishing the climaticstresses imparted to packaging systems using expected climaticconditions an
10、d durations that they can encounter in distributionin order to evaluate its ability to provide protection to thepackage contents or devices.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a method for conditioning pack-aging systems using climatic conditions that occur in actualdistribution. The r
11、ecommended exposure levels are based onavailable information on shipping, handling and storage envi-ronments, current industry practices, and published studies.They are not absolute extremes, but recorded daily averages incold and hot climates of the world.6. Apparatus6.1 Room (or Cabinet) of such s
12、ize that sample containersor packages may be individually exposed to circulating air atthe temperature and relative humidity chosen.6.1.1 Control Apparatus , capable of maintaining the roomat the required atmospheric conditions within the tolerancelimits.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of A
13、STM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.50 onPackage Design and Development.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. DOI:10.1520/F282510.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright AST
15、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 HygrometerThe instrument used to indicate the rela-tive humidity should be accurate to 62 % relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement ofrelative humidity or for c
16、hecking the hygrometer (see TestMethod E337).6.3 ThermometerAny temperature-measuring device maybe used provided it can accurately indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb thermometer of thepsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or forchecking the temperature-indi
17、cating device.7. Procedure7.1 Define Packaging SystemDescribe the packaging sys-tem in terms of size, weight, and materials of construction andestablish the unit of test (shipping box, multipack, pallet load,and so forth).7.2 Identify the various modes and durations of transporta-tion that will be u
18、sed to store and distribute the products tocustomers. For example, the product will be delivered to itsdestination via truck and air over a two-day transit period.7.3 When used as a standalone test, predetermine theacceptance criteria.7.4 Write a test plan using the sequence, conditions andexposure
19、times cited in Table 1. If data is available for theusers distribution environment indicating different conditionsand exposure times, they should be used.NOTE 1Exposing packaging system materials to warm/humid cli-matic stresses first may cause the materials to absorb moisture that mayremain with th
20、e materials throughout the remaining exposures.7.5 Conditions and exposure times may be based on knownstorage and distribution systems and conditions.7.6 Test Specimen:7.6.1 Test specimens should consist of representative pack-aging systems, including actual contents or devices. Contentswith blemish
21、es or minor defects may be used if the defectivecomponent is not to be studied and if the defect is documentedin the report. Simulated contents are also acceptable as long asthey duplicate the load characteristics of the actual contents.7.6.2 Care must be taken to ensure that no degradation hasoccur
22、red to both the packaging system and the contents prior toinitiating the climatic stress exposure. This is particularlyimportant in situations where the samples are shipped to aremote test site.7.7 Perform climatic conditioning per the plan.7.8 Continue with the packaging system performance test ore
23、valuate the results of the conditioning against any predeter-mined acceptance criteria when performing a standalone test.8. Climatic Conditions8.1 The conditions listed in Table 1 are based on industryexperience, global climate, time products spend in distributionsystems and guidance from Practice D
24、4332 and ISO 2233.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure.9.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposurewhen used.9.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure.9.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the test
25、ingtemperature and relative humidity, if different from the condi-tioning atmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9.1.4 When used as a standalone test, whether the accep-tance criteria have been met and the nature of noncompliance.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A statement of precision and bias is no
26、t applicable tothis practice.11. Keywords11.1 desert; distribution environment; freeze; handling;packaging systems; shipping; storage conditions; transit; tropi-calTABLE 1 Climatic ConditionsNOTEThe time between each condition should be documented in the test plan. It can be determined by the user.
27、It may be as little as no time betweenconditions (worst case) or up to several hours depending on factors as distribution environment data, test facility capacities and test schedules. If theanticipated time between exposures will exceed one hour, a controlled storage condition such as 23 6 5C and 5
28、0 6 10 % relative humidity (RH) shouldbe considered.Condition Description Temperature Relative Humidity Exposure Time1 Cold 20 6 3C not specified 4 h 6 30 min/02 Controlled Room Conditions 23 6 5C 50 6 10 % See Note above3 Hot/Dry 50 6 3C 25 6 5% 4h6 30 min/04 Controlled Room Conditions 23 6 5C 50 6
29、 10 % See Note above5 Warm/Humid 30 6 3C 90 6 5% 4h6 30 min/06 Controlled Room Conditions 23 6 5C 50 6 10 % See Note aboveF2825 102BIBLIOGRAPHY(1) Ritter, S., “How Hot? How Wet? How High?”,Valley Labs, BoulderCO, ISTA Con 2001 Conference.(2) Kipp, B. and Russell, P., “European Express Shipping/Drop/
30、ImpactStudy”, International Safe Transit Association Dimensions 06Conference.(3) Cowland, R., “Global Thermal Profile Development”, InternationalSafe Transit Association Dimensions 07 Conference.(4) “Climates of the World,” published by the US Department ofCommerce and National Oceanic and Atmospher
31、ic Administration(NOAA).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
32、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
33、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
34、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2825 103
