1、Designation: F2810 10An American National StandardStandard Specification forElliptical Trainers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for ellipticaltraining equipment. Through these
3、 specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufac-turers in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with theoperational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like oth
4、er physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users withphysical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitness facility, or both, priorto usin
5、g this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons fromusing this equipment properly and without increasing the risk of serious injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the designand manufacture of elliptical training equipment as defined i
6、n3.1 for use in an indoor environment or setting.1.2 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness productsfor use only by an individual age 13 or older.1.3 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Speci-fication F2276 and Test Methods F2811. All specifications inthis standard supersed
7、e those of Specification F2276 whereapplicable.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
8、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and LabelsF2276 Specification fo
9、r Fitness EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Perfor-mance Characteristics of Fitness EquipmentF2811 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Perfor-mance Characteristics of Elliptical Trainers3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms listed below are unique to thisspecification. For te
10、rms not defined below, refer to Specifica-tion F2276.3.1.1 adjustable guide system, ncomponents that allowthe user to vary the angle or position of a guide surface.3.1.2 control panel, nequipment/user interface device forcontrolling the operation of, or displaying information aboutthe operational st
11、ate of the equipment.3.1.3 elliptical trainer, ntraining equipment that can pro-duce a continuous, predominately elliptical motion path. Ellip-tical training functions as a continuous non-circular closed loopcycle.3.1.4 fixed handlebar, nhandlebars that are stationary.3.1.5 foot support, na device d
12、esigned to support the footwhile the user is correctly performing the exercise as intendedby the manufacturer, or while the user mounts or dismounts theequipment. Illustrated in Fig. 1.3.1.6 handlebar, nthe means that are provided to a user toenhance balance and stability. Handlebars shall be define
13、d bythe manufacturer as the intended grippable zone.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 onFitness Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. DOI: 10.1520
14、/F2810-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 movable handlebar, nthe moving means that areprovided for a user to engage the upper body during theexercise.4. Equipment Types4.1 Elliptical Trainer With Fixed Handlebars (Type 1)Handlebars are in a fixed position and are not int
16、ended toprovide guided or un-guided motion of the users upper body,as shown in Fig. 2.4.2 Elliptical Trainer With Moveable Handlebars (Type2)Handlebars are configured to provide for guided or un-guided motion of the users upper body, as shown in Fig. 3.4.3 Elliptical Trainer With Moveable and Fixed
17、Handlebars(Type 3)Exercise equipment that contains both fixed andmoveable handlebars as described in 4.1 and 4.2, as shown inFig. 4.5. Design and Construction RequirementsNOTE 1In addition to the requirements of Specification F2276, thefollowing requirements are applicable.5.1 Foot SupportEquipment
18、shall be equipped with ad-equate foot support and constructed to reduce foot slippage.The foot supports shall have a slip resistant surface of at least300 mm long by 100 mm wide (11.8 in. by 3.9 in.) as well ashave a guard with at least 30 mm (1.2 in.) height along the frontand 12 mm (0.50 in.) alon
19、g the inside edge.5.1.1 Foot Support LoadingThe loading requirements ofSpecification F2276 shall be applicable.5.2 HandlebarsEquipment shall be equipped with at leastone handlebar.5.2.1 The ends of movable handlebars shall be designed toavoid eye socket penetration. Acceptable provisions mayinclude,
20、 but are not limited to, a 50 mm (1.97 in.) diameter endportion of the handlebar grip; bending of the handlebar toachieve an end portion greater than 50 mm (1.97 in.) indiameter, angling of the end portion of the movable handlebarFIG. 1 An Example of a Foot SupportFIG. 2 An Example of a Type 1 Ellip
21、tical Trainer With FixedHandlebarsFIG. 3 An Example of a Type 2 Elliptical Trainer With MovableHandlebarsFIG. 4 An Example of a Type 3 Elliptical Trainer With Movableand Fixed HandlebarsF2810 102away from the user so that the end portion remains angledforward of a vertical reference plane through th
22、e user through-out the handles entire range of travel.5.2.2 Handlebar LoadingHandlebars shall endure a staticload of 1.0 times the maximum specified user weight or 100 kg(220 lb), whichever is greater, applied in the vertical directionwithout breakage. Handlebars shall endure a static load of 0.5tim
23、es the maximum specified user weight or 50 kg (110 lb),whichever is greater, applied in the most onerous horizontaldirection without breakage.5.3 Endurance:5.3.1 DiscussionLoad input to the elliptical trainer can beaccomplished by securing weight to the foot pedals and liftingthe weight using pneuma
24、tic cylinders, or by pushing down withpneumatic cylinders (with or without weight). It has beenfound that the user does not completely remove all load fromone pedal as he cycles over to drive the opposite pedal.Measurements of the forces experienced by the foot supports ofelliptical trainers have fo
25、und loads ranging from 20 % of theuser weight on the trailing side to loads of approximately120 % of the user weight on the pedal side being “driven” bythe user. These loads can vary depending on the design of theelliptical being tested. Regardless of how the load is input tothe elliptical trainer u
26、nder test, careful consideration shall begiven by the testing facility as to how the test apparatus isconstructed. The testing facility shall communicate with themanufacturer prior to commencing the test and verify that theapparatus functions and loads the elliptical trainer in a mannersimilar to ho
27、w a user would actually use and interface with theelliptical trainer.5.3.2 Consumer equipment shall function per manufactur-ers specifications after enduring a minimum of 375 000cycles. Institutional equipment shall function per manufactur-ers specifications after enduring a minimum of 2 000 000cycl
28、es.5.3.3 The loading applied to moving handlebars in theforward and reverse directions shall be 5 % of the maximumspecified user weight.5.3.4 The force applied to the foot supports shall be equiva-lent to the load produced by a user of 135 kg (300 lb) or theload produced by a user of the maximum spe
29、cified user weight,whichever is greater. This load shall follow the guidelinesdiscussed above and be alternately applied to each of the pedalsin accordance with the test method.5.4 Adjustable Guide SystemsThe operation of the adjust-able guide system, if equipped, may create entrapment points.Theref
30、ore, the movement of this system shall not exceed 25mm/s (1 in./s) as measured at the entrapment points.6. Documentation6.1 Owners/Users ManualsElliptical trainers shall beaccompanied by appropriate documentation set forth in Speci-fication F2276 and shall also include the information from thefollow
31、ing sections.6.2 Operational InstructionsIn addition to the require-ments of Specification F2276, the following topics shall beincluded if applicable.6.2.1 The function of any immobilization methods.6.2.2 Operation of all controls on the control panel.6.2.3 Instructions for safe mounting and dismoun
32、ting of theequipment.6.3 Installation InstructionsThe installation instructionsor owners/uses manual or both shall follow SpecificationF2276 and include the following information:6.3.1 Procedures for proper storage, movement, and place-ment of the elliptical trainer.6.3.2 The elliptical trainer shal
33、l be set up and operated on asolid level surface.6.3.3 The recommended minimum clearance requiredaround each elliptical trainer for access to, passage around, andemergency dismount. The minimum dimensions are: 0.5 m(19.7 in.) on at least one side, and 0.5 m (19.7 in.) either behindor in front of the
34、 elliptical trainers training envelope.6.3.3.1 DiscussionThe dimensions stated in the installa-tion instructions are the recommended minimum dimensions asset forth by the manufacturer. The actual area for access andpassage shall be the responsibility of the facility and shouldtake into account this
35、training envelope and any required localcodes or regulations.7. Warnings7.1 WarningsIn addition to the warnings outlined inSpecification F1749, the warnings shall include as a minimumthe following when applicable:7.1.1 Owners Manual WarningsThe warnings presentedin the owners manual shall be designe
36、d in accordance withSpecification F1749.7.1.1.1 Care should be used when mounting or dismountingthe equipment. Before mounting or dismounting, move thepedal on the mounting or dismounting side to its lowestposition and bring the machine to a complete stop.7.1.1.2 This unit is not equipped with a fre
37、e-wheel. Pedalspeed should be reduced in a controlled manner.7.1.2 General Warning LabelThe warnings presented inthe general warning label shall be designed in accordance withSpecification F1749.8. Keywords8.1 elliptical trainer; fitness equipment; foot support;handlebarF2810 103APPENDIX(Nonmandator
38、y Information)X1. ADDITIONAL READINGX1.1 European Standards:EN 957-1 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and Test MethodsEN 957-9 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 9: EllipticalTrainers, Additional Specific Safety Requirements and TestMethodsASTM International takes no po
39、sition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibi
40、lity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to A
41、STM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the addres
42、s shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2810 104
