1、Designation: F2620 091An American National StandardStandard Practice forHeat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEA1.4.3.1 was editorially revised in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints
3、with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of heatfusion joining in, but not limited to, a field environment. Othersuitable heat fusion joining procedures are available fromvarious sources including pipe and fitting manufacturers. Thisstandard does not purport to address all possible heat fus
4、ionjoining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified proce-dures developed by other parties that have been proved toproduce reliable heat fusion joints.1.2 The parameters and procedures are applicable only tojoining polyethylene pipe and fittings of related polymerchemistry. They are intended
5、for PE fuel gas pipe per Speci-fication D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipemanufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035,and AWWA C901 and C906. Consult with the pipe manufac-turers to make sure they approve this procedure for the pipe tobe joined (see Appendix X1).NOTE
6、1Information about polyethylene pipe and fittings that haverelated polymer chemistry is presented in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)TR-33 and TR-41.1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given inpresent ASTM specifications are required to produce soundjoints between polyethylene pipe and
7、 fittings when using thejoining techniques described in this practice.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, andappendixes which provide explanator
8、y material. These notesand footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall notbe considered as requirements of the practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
9、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas PressurePipe, Tubing, and FittingsD2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic TubingD303
10、5 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingF714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter
11、F905 Practice for Qualification of Polyethylene Saddle-Fused JointsF1056 Specification for Socket Fusion Tools for Use inSocket Fusion Joining Polyethylene Pipe or Tubing andFittings2.2 PPI Documents:TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene3TR-41 Generic Saddle Fu
12、sion Joining Procedure for Poly-ethylene Gas Piping32.3 AWWA Documents:AWWA C901 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Tubing,12 in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm), forWater Service4AWWA C906 Standard for Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipeand Fittings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 63 in. (1575 mm),
13、forWater Distribution and Transmission43. Summary of Practice3.1 The principle of heat fusion joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe is to heat two prepared surfaces to a designatedtemperature, then fuse them together by application of a1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Pla
14、sticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F262006. DOI:10.1520/F2620-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs
15、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpi
16、pe.org.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sufficient force. This force causes the melted materials to flow
17、and mix, thereby resulting in fusion.3.2 The heat-fusion procedures covered in this practice aresocket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion.3.2.1 Procedure 1, Socket FusionThe socket-fusion pro-cedure involves simultaneously heating the outside surface ofa pipe end and the inside of a fitting sock
18、et, which is sized tobe smaller than the smallest outside diameter of the pipe. Afterthe proper melt has been generated at each face to be mated,the two components are joined by inserting one component intothe other. See Fig. 1. The fusion bond is formed at the interfaceresulting from the interferen
19、ce fit. The melts from the twocomponents flow together and fuse as the joint cools. Optionalalignment devices are used to hold the pipe and socket fittingin longitudinal alignment during the joining process; especiallywith pipe sizes IPS 3 in. (89 mm) and larger.Automated socketfusion is not address
20、ed in this procedure.3.2.2 Procedure 2, Butt FusionThe butt-fusion procedurein its simplest form consists of heating the squared ends of twopipes, a pipe and a fitting, or two fittings, by holding themagainst a heated plate, removing the heater plate when theproper melt is obtained, promptly bringin
21、g the ends together,and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining the appropri-ate applied force.3.2.2.1 An appropriately sized butt fusion machine is usedto clamp, align and face the pipe or fitting ends and to apply thespecified fusion force. See Fig. 2.3.2.3 Procedure 3, Saddle FusionThe saddl
22、e-fusion pro-cedure involves melting the concave surface of the base of asaddle fitting, while simultaneously melting a matching patternon the surface of the pipe, bringing the two melted surfacestogether and allowing the joint to cool while maintaining theappropriate applied force. See Fig. 3.3.2.3
23、.1 An appropriately sized saddle fusion machine isused to clamp the pipe main and the fitting, align the parts andapply the specified fusion force.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in Sections 7-9 are primarilyintended for (but not limited to) field joining of polyethylene(PE) pipe
24、 and fittings, using suitable equipment and appropri-ate environmental control procedures. When properly imple-mented, strong pressure/leak-tight joints are produced. Whenthese joints are destructively tested, the failure occurs outsidethe fusion joined area.4.2 Melt characteristics, average molecul
25、ar weight and mo-lecular weight distribution are influential factors in establishingsuitable fusion parameters; therefore, consider the manufactur-ers instructions in the use or development of a specific fusionprocedure. See Annex A1.4.3 The socket fusion, butt fusion, and saddle fusion proce-dures
26、in this practice are suitable for joining PE gas pipe andfittings, PE water pipe and fittings, and PE general purposepipes and fittings made to PE product specifications fromorganizations such as ASTM, AWWA, API, and ISO that areused in pressure, low pressure and non-pressure applications.For gas ap
27、plications, qualification of the procedure by testingjoints made using the procedure in accordance with regulationsfrom the authority having jurisdiction are required.5. Operator Experience5.1 Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator arerequired to obtain a good quality joint. This skill and
28、knowl-edge is obtained by making joints in accordance with provenprocedures under the guidance of skilled operators. Evaluateoperator proficiency by testing sample joints.FIG. 1 Socket FusionF2620 09125.2 The party responsible for the joining of polyethylenepipe and fittings shall ensure that detail
29、ed procedures devel-oped in conjunction with applicable codes and regulations andthe manufacturers of the pipe, fittings, and joining equipmentinvolved, including the safety precautions to be followed, areissued before actual joining operations begin.6. ApparatusGeneral Recommendations6.1 Heating To
30、olElectric heating tools come in a varietyof sizes that match the fusion machines capabilities. They aredesigned with enough wattage and electronic control to main-tain the specified heater face temperature required in thisprocedure. The range of the heater control shall be larger thanthe heating te
31、mperature specification (the typical control rangeis 50F (30C) above and below the maximum and minimumrequired heating tool surface temperatures. Electric heatingplates maintain consistent fusion temperatures when providedwith an adequate power source.6.2 Heating Tool FacesHeating tools may be made
32、frommaterials such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or copperFIG. 2 Butt FusionFIG. 3 Saddle FusionF2620 0913alloys. Polyethylene material may stick to hot metal heatingsurfaces. This sticking may be minimized by applying anon-stick coating to the heating surfaces or by fitting ahigh-temperatur
33、e, non-stick fabric over the heating surfaces.The heating plate surfaces, coated or uncoated, shall be keptclean and free of contaminants such as dirt, grease and plasticbuild-up, which may cause excessive sticking and createunsatisfactory joints. Most of these contaminants are removedfrom the hot t
34、ool surfaces using a clean, dry, oil-free lint-freecloth. Do not use synthetic fabrics which may char and stick tothe fusion surface. Some pigments, such as carbon black, maystain a heating surface and probably cannot be removed; suchstains will not contaminate the joint interface.6.2.1 After a peri
35、od of time in service, non-stick coatings orfabrics will deteriorate and become less effective. Deterioratedfabrics shall be replaced, and worn, scratched, or gougednon-stick coatings shall be re-coated when they lose effective-ness. Heat fusion quality may be adversely affected by dete-riorated non
36、-stick surfaces. Spray-on chemicals, such as non-stick lubricants or oils shall not be applied to heating ironsurfaces as they will contaminate the joint.6.3 Temperature IndicatorHeating tools shall be equippedwith a thermometer or other built-in temperature indicatingdevice. This device indicates t
37、he internal temperature of theheating iron, which is usually higher than temperature of theheating tool surfaces. Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within the pipe or
38、fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature.An infraredpyrometer is calibrated by comparison to a calibrated surfacepyrometer and adjusted to agree on each heating tool.NOTE 2A significant temperature variation, that is, cold spots, on theheating tool surfa
39、ces may indicate a faulty heating iron which may needto be serviced before it can be used.7. Procedure 1Socket Fusion7.1 Apparatus:7.1.1 Socket Fusion ToolsSocket fusion tools consist of aheating tool, heating tool faces, rounding clamps (cold rings),depth gage/chamfer tools, and pipe/fittings made
40、to ASTMspecifications.7.1.2 Heating ToolIn order to obtain a proper melt, it isnecessary for a uniform temperature to be maintained acrossthe heating tool faces. An electrical tool shall have sufficientwattage and control to maintain the specified surface tempera-ture of the tool faces.7.1.3 Heating
41、 Tool FacesConsisting of two parts, a maleend for the interior socket surface and a female end for theexterior pipe surface. Both parts shall be made to suchtolerances as to cause an interference fit. Heating tool faces areproduced to Specification F1056 dimensions, and are coatedwith a non-stick ma
42、terial to keep melted pipe and fittingmaterial from sticking to the face.7.1.4 Alignment JigThe alignment jig is an optional toolwhich consists of two sets of devices holding the componentsin alignment to each other. One set of holding devices is fixed,and the other allows longitudinal movement for
43、making thejoint.7.1.5 Rounding Clamps, (cold ring) to maintain roundnessof the pipe and control the depth of pipe insertion into thesocket during the joining operation.7.1.6 Depth Gage, for proper positioning of the roundingclamp on the pipe.7.1.7 Chamfering Tool, to bevel the end of the pipe.NOTE 3
44、The depth gage and chamfering tool may be combined into asingle tool.7.1.8 Tubing Cutter, to obtain a square end cut on the pipe.7.1.9 Fitting Puller, an optional tool to assist in the removalof the fitting from the heating tool and to hold the fitting duringassembly.7.2 Procedure:7.2.1 Attach the p
45、roper size heater faces to the heating tool,and bring the surface temperature of the tool faces to 490 to510F (254 to 266C). Use a pyrometer, or other temperaturemeasuring device, on the first joint of the day and periodicallyduring the day to verify the temperature of the tool facesurfaces within t
46、he pipe or fitting contact area. Select multiplecheckpoints to ensure uniform surface temperature. Heatingtool thermometers measure the internal temperature of theheating tool, which is typically higher than the surface tem-perature of the heating tool faces.7.2.2 Cut the pipe end squarely, and clea
47、n the pipe end andfitting, both inside and outside, by wiping with a clean, dry,oil-free, lint-free cloth.7.2.3 Chamfer the outside edge of the pipe end slightly andfix the rounding clamp about the pipe as determined from thedepth gage. (See Note 4.)7.2.4 Push the socket fitting onto the preheated f
48、itting toolface first, and then push the pipe into the pipe-side tool faceuntil the rounding clamps make contact with the heating faces.7.2.5 Heat the pipe end and the fitting socket for the timerequired to obtain a proper melt. Proper melt is a function ofmaterial, time, tool temperature, and the s
49、ize of the parts. Pipeand fittings of larger diameters require more time to reach theproper melt consistency than those of smaller diameters.Under-heated or overheated materials will not form a goodbond. Contact the fitting manufacturer for the recommendedheating times.7.2.6 At the end of the heating time, simultaneously removethe pipe and fitting straight out from the tool, using a snapaction. Immediately insert the pipe straight into the socket ofthe fitting so the rounding clamp is flush against the end of thefitting socket. Hold or block the joint in
