1、Designation: F2454 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Practice forSealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainlineSewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, UsingChemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2454; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe infiltration of water in sanitary sewer syst
3、ems through the lateral service connection and the firstfew joints of the lateral below the groundwater table is a major problem for collection system owners.The combined length of the lateral services often exceeds the length of the mainline sewers. Often, thelateral services have been built with l
4、ittle or no supervision and little or no above-ground access formonitoring and inspection.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing andsealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from themainline sewer with appropriate chemical grouts using thelateral packer method. Chemica
5、l grouting is used to stopinfiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage ingravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 to24 in. with 4, 5, or 6 in. diameter laterals. Larger diameter pipeswith lateral connections and line
6、s can be grouted with specialpackers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipesmust be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing thebiohazards and gases from sewage, confined spaces, pumpingequipment, and related apparatus. Additi
7、onal safety consider-ations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting ofchemical grouts should be provided by the chemical groutmanufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating prac-tices and procedures should describe in detail appropriatepersonal protective equipment (PPE) for the
8、 various groutingoperations. Operations covered should include the properstorage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemicalgrouts, additives, and their associated containers.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematic
9、alconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p
10、ractices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2304 Practice for Rehabilitation of Sewers Using Chemi-cal Grouting2.2 National Association of Sewer Service Companies(NASSCO) Documents:3NASSCO Specification Guidelines Wast
11、ewater CollectionSystem Maintenance and Rehabilitation, 20033. Significance and Use3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connectionsfor sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for themaintenance and optimal performance of the system. It isimportant to identify methods that use th
12、e most currentcompounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltra-tion and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption totraffic and lessen the environmental impacts for both themunicipal and private owners.3.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and sealsewer lateral
13、 connections and a predetermined portion of thelateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on Inspection and Renewal of Water and
14、 Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2454 05. DOI:10.1520/F2454-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
15、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO),Inc. 11521 Cronridge Drive, Suite J, Owings Mills, MD 21117, http:/www.nassco.org.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.appropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method.Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connectiontesting are used to assess the condition and document anyrepairs.3.3 This practic
17、e should not be used where mainline andlateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe,structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.4. Contract Responsibilities4.1 The lateral connection sealing contracts should define oraffix responsibility for, or make provisions for
18、, the followingitems:4.1.1 Notice of Client/Owner Requirements, which are rel-evant to, and within the scope of, work to be performed underthe contract.4.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Permits, (seePractice F2304) and assistance in obtaining approvals orconsent from utilities or carriers or ot
19、her persons or organiza-tions upon whose property or authority might be impinged bythe performance of work under the contract; or a writtenrelease from responsibility for the performance of work underthe contract if and to the extent that such work is precluded bythe inability to obtain approvals or
20、 consent. If working onprivate property permission from the owners representative,the sewer line owner and the building department.4.1.3 Access to Site of Work, to be provided to the extent thatthe owner is legally able to do so, if unable to, a written releasefrom responsibility for the performance
21、 of work at sites whereaccess cannot be made available.4.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwiseprovided for within the contract.4.1.5 Location and Exposure
22、 of All Manholes, unless other-wise provided for in the technical specifications of the contract.4.1.6 A Manhole Numbering System , for all areas of theproject, and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor performance of the work.4.1.7 The Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain PumpStati
23、ons, if such becomes necessary for performance of thework.4.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under thecontract, with permission to use water from fire hydrants at thesite of work, or other suitable designated sources within areasonable distance from work areas.4.1.9 Disposal Area , for a
24、ll materials removed from thesewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiouslydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.4.1.10 A Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required vehicles, e
25、quipment, and materials for theperiod of the contract.4.1.11 Notice to Third Parties, (such as utilities) of thecontractors intent to perform work in an area where suchparties may have rights to underground property or facilities.Request for maps or other descriptive information as to thenature and
26、location of such underground facilities or propertyand assurance of the contractors ability to enter any public orprivate lands to which access is required for performance of thework under the contract.4.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site, including reportsprepared under previously accomplished
27、studies or surveys andother data relative to the project, such as, maps, drawings,construction specifications sewer system records, and so forth.4.1.13 Authorization, to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.4.1.14 Traffc Control, by uniformed offic
28、ers when thesafety of workers or the public requires such protection, or asmay be specified.4.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 hours.4.1.16 Submit equipment utilization schedule to the ownersrepresentative for review and a
29、pproval prior to commencementof the project.4.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval prior tocommencement of the project.5. Chemical Grouts (Chemical Sealing Materials)5.1 IntentThe intent of this section is to define theproperties
30、that a chemical sealing material must have toperform effectively in the intended application and underexpected field conditions. The intended application is remotelysealing sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portionof the lateral from the connection to the mainline sewer with alateral pac
31、ker as specified in Section 12.5.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in useare listed in 5.3 with the basic properties, performance stan-dards, and mix ratios, which are known to give acceptableperformance.5.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will becom
32、e available from time to time.Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change, and therefore; specific sources,manufacturers, and product names are not given.5.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordance with th
33、e manufactur-ers or suppliers, or both, recommendations.5.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the followingcharacteristics:5.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwater).5
34、.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence inwater without degradation.5.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of groundwater (infiltration) through the surround-ing soil ring, the sewer lateral connection, and the joints withinthe predetermined portion of the la
35、teral from the lateralconnection to the mainline sewer.5.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle.5.2.5 The cured sealant must not be biodegradable.5.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the mild concentrations of acids, alkalis, ando
36、rganics found in normal sewage.F2454 05 (2010)25.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safety and proper clean up proceduresshould spillage occur.5.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being mixed
37、must be compatible with field operations not requiring precisemeasurements of the ingredients by field personnel.5.2.9 Cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.5.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer line to correct conditions th
38、at affect the sewageflow.5.3 Chemical Sealing MaterialsThe following is a ge-neric listing of chemical sealing materials currently in use andthe basic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each:5.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel:5.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material byweight in total
39、sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryla-mide base material may be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.5.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.5.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with a
40、dditives.5.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reactionperiod.5.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 hr.5.3.1.6 Areaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, firm, flexible gel.5.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density, a
41、nd gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel:5.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic basematerial may be used to increase strength or offset dilutionduring injection.5.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some dil
42、ution and react inmoving water during injection.5.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.5.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.5.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 hr.5.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homogen
43、ous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, flexible gel.5.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.3 Urethane Base Gel:5.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixedwith between 5 and 10 parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio i
44、s 1 part urethane prepolymer to 8 parts ofwater (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaks areencountered, the ratio of water being pumped may be lowered.5.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 %to 95 %, and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.5.3.3.3 A liquid prepolyme
45、r having a viscosity of between100 and 1500 centipoise at 70F that can be pumped through500 ft of12-in. hose with a 1000-psi head at a flow rate of1 oz/s.5.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.5.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.5.3.3.6 A rela
46、tively rapid viscosity increase of theprepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly in thefirst minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ratio at 50F.5.3.3.7 Areaction (curing) that produces a chemically stableand non-biodegradable, tough, flexible gel.5.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosi
47、ty, density, gelstrength, and resistance and shrinkage by the use of additives.6. Optional Additives6.1 Additives enhance the performance of the chemicalsealing materials and can be used for specific applications.Owners Representative should consult with grout manufactur-ers to determine appropriate
48、 additives.7. Sewer Line Cleaning Procedures7.1 The intent of sewer line cleaning is to remove foreignmaterials from the lines to obtain proper seating of the packer.Refer to NASSCO Specification Guidelines.8. Sewer Flow Control8.1 When sewer line depth of flow at the upstream manholeof the section
49、being worked on is above the maximumallowable for television inspection, joint testing or sealing, orcombination thereof, the flow shall be reduced to the levelshown below by operation of pump stations, plugging, orblocking of the flow, or by pumping and bypassing of the flowas specified in Table 1.8.2 Depth of flow shall not exceed that shown in Table 2 forthe respective pipe sizes as measured in the manhole whenperforming television inspection, joint testing, or sealing, orcombination thereof.8.3 Plugging and BlockingWhen authorized by sewerowner/operator, a sewer
