1、Designation: F959 13Standard Specification forCompressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators forUse with Structural Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements forcompressible-washer-type direct tension indicators capable
3、 ofindicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tensionin a structural bolt.1.2 Four types of direct tension indicators in nominaldiameter sizes12 through 112 in. are covered:1.2.1 Type 325direct tension indicators for use with Speci-fication A325 Type 1 bolts or F or F1852 assemblies.1.2.
4、2 Type 3253direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A325 Type3orF1852 Type 3 assemblies.1.2.3 Type 490direct tension indicators for use with Speci-fication A490 Type 1 bolts or F2280 assemblies.1.2.4 Type 4903direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A490 Type 3 F2280 Type 3 ass
5、emblies.1.3 Direct tension indicators are intended for installationunder either a bolt head or a hardened washer. (See ResearchCouncil on Structural Connections: Specification for StructuralJoints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts.)1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Types 3253and 4903 to a C
6、hemical Composition Requirement or aCorrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the suppliers option.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method p
7、ortions, Section 12 and Appendix X1 of thisspecification: This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
8、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthB695 Specification for
9、 Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1
10、470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1852 Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension ControlStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthF2280 Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Co
11、ntrolStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-sistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 Research Council on Structural Connections:3Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 orA490 Bolts2.3 ASME
12、Standard:4ASME B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and
13、Washers.Current edition approved . Published March 2013. Originally approved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F959 09. DOI: 10.1520/F0959-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
14、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Research Council on Structural Connections at www.boltcoun-cil.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New Yo
15、rk, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 compressible-washer-type direct tension indicator,nwasher-type element insert
16、ed under the bolt head or hard-ened washer, having the capability of indicating the achieve-ment of a required minimum bolt tension by the degree ofdirect tension indicator plastic deformation. Hereafter referredto as direct tension indicator.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for direct tension indi
17、cators under this specifica-tion shall include the following:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces);4.1.2 Name of product (direct tension indicator);4.1.3 Size, that is, nominal diameter;4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue (if not specified,current issue shall be used);4.1.5 Type required, 325, 325-
18、3, 490, 490-3 (see 1.2);4.1.6 Coating type, if required (5.4);4.1.7 Source inspection, if required (Section 13);4.1.8 Certificates of compliance or test reports, if required(Section 15); and4.1.9 Any special requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel used in the manufacture of direct tension
19、 indica-tors shall be produced by the basic-oxygen or electric-furnaceprocess.5.2 Design:5.2.1 Direct tension indicators shall have a configurationproduced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming,to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed incompression.5.2.2 The design sha
20、ll be such that the degree of plasticdeformation shall indicate the tension in a tightened structuralbolt.5.3 Heat Treatment:5.3.1 The heat treatment of DTIs is optional at the manu-facturers discretion, provided the DTIs meet all of the me-chanical and performance requirements.5.3.2 If heat treatme
21、nt is performed, the process shall bethrough-hardening by heating to a temperature above the uppertransformation temperature, quenching in a liquid medium, andtempering by heating to a suitable temperature.5.4 Protective Coatings:5.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the direct tension indica-tors shall
22、 be furnished “plain” with the “as fabricated” surfacefinish without protective coatings.5.4.2 When “zinc coated” is specified, the direct tensionindicators shall be zinc coated by the mechanical depositionprocess in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 ofSpecification B695.5.4.3 When “baked
23、 epoxy” is specified, the epoxy shall be0.001 to 0.002 in. thick applied over the zinc coating specifiedin 5.4.2. The epoxy shall not flake off exposed surfaces duringinstallation.5.4.4 Other coatings are to be used only when approved bythe direct tension indicator manufacturer.6. Chemical Compositi
24、on6.1 Direct tension indicators furnished to Chemical Com-position Requirements shall conform to the full Heat Analysisspecified in Table 1.6.2 In addition to the compositions in Table 1, weatheringsteels type 3253 and Type 4903 having Copper, Phosphorus,and Sulfur conforming to Table 1 and a Corros
25、ion ResistanceIndex of 6 or higher calculated on the basis of the HeatAnalysis as described in Guide G101 Predictive Method basedon the data of Larabee and Coburn shall be consideredacceptable. See Note 1.NOTE 1The user is cautioned that the Guide G101 predictive equation(Predictive Method Based on
26、the Data of Larabee and Coburn) forcalculation of an atmospheric corrosion index has been verified only forthe composition limits stated in that guide.6.3 For all types furnished to the chemical compositions inTable 1, Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished direct tension indicat
27、ors representing each lot. Thechemical composition shall conform to the requirements givenin Table 1, Product Analysis.6.4 Product Analyses are not applicable to Type 3253 andType 4903 indicators furnished to a CRI of 6 or higher.Acceptance shall be based on the CRI of 6 or higher calculatedfrom the
28、 Heat Analysis. Other weathering Steels with Copper,Phosphorus, and Sulfur conforming to the specified limits anda Corrosion Resistance of 6 or higher, are acceptable in lieu ofcompliance with the full specified Chemical Compositions.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition RequirementsElementComposition, %Heat
29、AnalysisProductAnalysisType 325 andType 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3AType 325 andType 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3ACarbon 0.300.55 0.270.58Manganese 0.500.90 0.470.93Phosphorus, Max 0.04 0.040 0.048 0.045Sulfur, Max 0.045 0.050 0.053 0.055Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.130.37 0.130.37Chromium 0.450.65 0.
30、420.68Nickel 0.250.45 0.220.48Copper 0.250.45 0.220.48AWeathering steel DTIs are also permitted to be manufactured from any of the Type 3 steels in the chemical composition sections of Specifications A325 and F436.F959 1327. Performance Requirements7.1 Compression LoadsWhen compressed to the gapspec
31、ified in Table 2, the compression load shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 3.8. Dimensions8.1 The direct tension indicators shall conform to thedimensional and related requirements of ASME B18.2.6.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The direct tension indicators shall be commer
32、ciallysmooth and free of injurious material or manufacturing defectsthat would affect their performance.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 Responsibility:10.1.1 The direct tension indicator manufacturer shall in-spect each lot of direct tension indicators prior to shipment inaccordance with the qua
33、lity assurance procedures described in10.2.10.1.2 The purpose of a lot inspection testing program is toensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of thisspecification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essentialthat the purchaser continue to maintain the identification andintegrity
34、 of each lot following delivery until the product isinstalled in its service application.10.2 Production Lot Method:10.2.1 All direct tension indicators shall be processed inaccordance with a lot identification controlquality assuranceplan. The manufacturer shall identify and maintain the integrityo
35、f each production lot of direct tension indicators from rawmaterial selection through all processing operations and treat-ments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall be assignedits own lot-identification number, each lot shall be tested, andthe inspection test reports for each lot shall be r
36、etained.10.2.2 For purposes of assigning an identification numberand from which test samples shall be selected, a production lotshall consist of all direct tension indicators processed essen-tially together through all operations to placing in the shippingcontainer that are of the same nominal size,
37、 produced from thesame mill heat of steel, and heat treated in the same heattreatment cycle.10.2.3 The minimum number of samples to be tested todetermine compression loads and coating thickness (whenapplicable) shall be in accordance with the requirementsspecified in Guide F1470.10.3 Number of Tests
38、 After AlterationsIf direct tensionindicators are heat treated, coated, or otherwise altered by asubcontractor or manufacturer subsequent to testing, they shallbe tested in accordance with 10.2 prior to shipment to thepurchaser after all alterations have been completed.10.4 When weathering steels ar
39、e furnished to a CorrosionResistance Index, the CRI number shall be calculated for eachheat.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Indicators for tests shall be tested full size “as re-ceived” without any special preparation.12. Test Methods12.1 Compression load tests shall be conducted in accor-dance with Te
40、st Methods F606.12.2 The Corrosion Resistance Index shall be calculated forthe Heat Analysis in accordance with Guide G101 PredictiveMethod based on the data of Larabee and Coburn.13. Inspection13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by thepurchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry
41、 and contract ororder.13.2 The purchasers quality assurance representative shallhave free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works thatconcern the manufacture of the direct tension indicatorsordered. The manufacturer shall afford the quality assurancerepresentative all reasonable facilities to
42、satisfy him that thedirect tension indicators are being furnished in accordance withthis specification. All tests and inspections required by thisspecification that are requested by the purchasers representa-tive shall be made before shipment and shall be conducted soas not to interfere unnecessaril
43、y with the operation of the plant.14. Rejection14.1 Direct tension indicators that fail to conform to therequirements of this specification shall be rejected. Rejectionshould be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, thep
44、roducer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing.TABLE 2 Direct Tension Indicator Gap for Compression LoadTestingDirect Tension Indicator FinishGap, in.SpecificationA325SpecificationA490Plain finish 0.015 0.015Mechanically galvanized 0.015 . . .Baked epoxy coating onmechanically deposited zinc 0.0
45、15 . . .TABLE 3 Acceptable Range of Compression LoadsDirect Tension Indicator Size(bolt diameter, (in.)Compression Load Range in Thousandsof Pounds, (kips)Types 325 and325-3Types 490 and490-312 1214 151858 1923 242934 2834 354278 3947 49591 5161 6477118 5667 8096114 7185 102122138 85102 121145112 10
46、3124 148178F959 13315. Certification15.1 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shallfurnish a test report as described in 15.2 or a certificate ofcompliance as described in 15.4, whichever is required.15.2 When test reports are required, the manufacturers shallfurnish a test report for each
47、production lot from which directtension indicators are supplied to fill a shipment. The reportshall show the heat number (to ensure that the chemicalcomposition is on record and could be furnished upon request),compression test loads, Corrosion Resistance Index Numberwhen applicable, measured thickn
48、ess of protective coatings,gap, nominal size, production lot identification number,ASTMdesignation, type and issue date, and purchase order number.15.3 When weathering steels Tpyes 3253 and 4903 arefurnished under the Corrosion Resistance Index option, thecalculated CRI number shall be furnished for
49、 each heat.15.4 When certificates of compliance are required, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate certifying that theindicators have been manufactured and tested and conform tothe requirements of this specification. The certificate shallshow the production lot identification number, nominal size,ASTM designation, type and issue date, and purchase ordernumber.16. Responsibility16.1 The party responsible for the direct tension indicatorshall be the organization that supplies the direct tensionindicator to the
