1、Designation: F 793 07Standard Classification ofWall Covering by Use Characteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the classification of wallcovering by use characteristics, that is, according to itsserviceability in use, recognizing
3、 that certain wall covering isdesigned primarily for decorative effect, while other wallcovering is also designed to achieve a high degree of service-ability.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to S
4、I units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theproperties of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or
5、fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practic
6、es and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Org
7、anic FinishesD 2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 2404 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPaper or Vinyl Wall or Ceiling Coverings toAssess SurfaceBurning CharacteristicsG21 Practice for Determi
8、ning Resistance of SyntheticPolymeric Materials to Fungi2.2 Federal Standards:3Fed. Std. No. 191 Textile Test MethodsFed. Spec. CCC-W-408D Wall Covering, Vinyl-Coated2.3 ICC Standards:4IBC International Building CodeIFC International Fire Code2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 101 Life Safety CodeNFPA 255 Met
9、hod of Test of Surface Burning Characteris-tics of Building MaterialsNFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room FireGrowth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full HeightPanels and WallsNFPA 286 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribu-tion of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room F
10、ireGrowthNFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code2.5 UL Standard:6UL 723 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Build-ing Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasion resistanceability to withstand mechanicalaction such as rubbing, scraping, or
11、 scrubbing that mayprogressively tend to remove material from the surface of awall covering.3.1.2 blocking resistanceability to resist adhesion orsticking between two surfaces of a wall covering that touchunder uniform loading and temperature conditions for a speci-fied time.3.1.3 breaking strengtha
12、bility of a wall covering to with-stand a pulling force in the plane of the web.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.15 onWallcoverings.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2
13、007. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 79306.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pa
14、ge onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041.5Available from National Fire Protection Ass
15、ociation (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 coating adhes
16、ionmeasure of the strength of thebond between the surface coating and the backing or substrateof a wall covering.3.1.5 cold cracking resistanceability to resist cracking ofthe coated or decorative surface when a wall covering is foldedduring exposure to low temperatures.3.1.6 colorfastnessability to
17、 resist change or loss of colorresulting from exposure to light.3.1.7 crocking resistanceability to resist transfer of colorfrom a wall covering surface when rubbed.3.1.8 flame spread indexcomparative measure expressedas a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurementsof the spread of flame
18、versus time in Test Method E84(see1.3).3.1.9 heat aging resistanceability to resist deterioration ofthe coated or decorative surface when a wall covering isexposed to elevated temperatures over an extended period.3.1.10 mildew-resistant wall coveringwall covering thathas been treated to deter the gr
19、owth of fungi (mildew) on thedecorative surface.3.1.11 peelable wall coveringwall covering from whichthe decorative surface may be dry-peeled from the substrate,leaving a continuous layer of the substrate on the wall, whenthe wall covering has been installed and peeled in accordancewith the manufact
20、urers instructions.3.1.12 scrubbabilityability of a wall covering to with-stand scrubbing with a brush and a prescribed detergentsolution.3.1.13 shrinkabilitychange in the dimension of the wallcovering after wetting it and drying it.3.1.14 smoke developed indexcomparative measure ex-pressed as a dim
21、ensionless number, derived from measure-ments of smoke obscuration versus time in Test Method E84.3.1.15 stain resistanceability of a wall covering to showno appreciable change in appearance after application andremoval of specified reagents.3.1.16 strippable wall coveringwall covering that can bedr
22、y-stripped from the wall after having been installed andstripped in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,leaving a minimum of product residue on the wall and withoutdamage to the wall surface.3.1.17 tear strengthability of a wall covering to resist thepropagation of an existing tear.3.1.18
23、 wall coveringflexible product designed to coverwalls and ceilings for decorative or functional purposes, orboth.3.1.19 washabilityability of a wall covering to withstandoccasional sponging with a prescribed detergent solution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification provides criteria by which
24、 wall cov-ering of appropriate use characteristics can be chosen forparticular residential and commercial decorating applications.5. Basis of Classification5.1 Wall covering is classified based on its performance intests for:Abrasion resistanceBlocking resistanceBreaking strengthCoating adhesionCold
25、 cracking resistanceColorfastnessCrocking resistanceHeat aging resistanceMaximum flame spread indexMaximum shrinkageMaximum smoke developed indexOther flammability characteristicsScrubbabilityStain resistanceTear resistanceWashability5.2 Wall covering shall be classified in accordance with theperfor
26、mance criteria listed in Table 1 when tested in accor-dance with the appropriate test methods in Section 7.5.2.1 Category I, Decorative OnlyWall covering manu-factured for decorative purposes that can be hung withoutdamage in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.5.2.2 Category II, Decorati
27、ve with Medium ServiceabilityWall covering primarily decorative but more washable andcolorfast than Category I wall covering.5.2.3 Category III, Decorative with High ServiceabilityWall covering manufactured for medium use, where abrasionresistance, stain resistance, scrubbability, and increased colo
28、r-fastness are necessary. Category III wall covering must alsomeet breaking strength and crocking resistance criteria.5.2.4 Category IV, Type I Commercial ServiceabilityWallcovering manufactured for use where higher abrasion resis-tance, stain resistance, and scrubbability are necessary in heavycons
29、umer and light commercial use. Category IV wall coveringmust also meet crocking resistance, tear resistance, blockingresistance, cold cracking resistance, heat aging resistance, andbreaking strength criteria. Wall covering meets Type I perfor-mance as defined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.5 Category
30、V, Type II Commercial ServiceabilityWallcovering manufactured for use where better wearing qualitiesare required and exposure to wear is greater than normal.Category V wall covering must meet high abrasion resistance,stain resistance, and colorfastness criteria, in addition to highercrocking resista
31、nce, tear resistance, and breaking strengthcriteria than Categories I to IV. Blocking resistance, coldcracking resistance, coating adhesion, and heat aging resistancetests also apply. Wall covering meets Type II performance asdefined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.6 Category VI, Type III Commercial Se
32、rviceabilityWall covering manufactured for use in heavy traffic areas.Category VI wall covering must meet highest abrasion resis-tance, stain resistance, tear resistance, colorfastness, crockingresistance, and breaking strength criteria. Blocking resistance,coating adhesion, cold cracking resistance
33、, and heat agingresistance tests also apply. Wall covering meets Type IIIperformance as defined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.F7930725.3 Wall covering required to exhibit a flammability classi-fication shall be tested and classified as a “Class A, B, or CInterior Finish” in accordance one of the codes be
34、low:5.3.1 Chapter 107of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code,5.3.2 Chapter 10 of NFPA 5000, Building Construction andSafety Code,5.3.3 Chapter 8 of IBC, International Building Code, and5.3.4 Chapter 8 of IFC, International Fire Code.5.3.5 Test Method E84is suitable for assessing the flamespread index and smok
35、e developed index of a wall covering.When a wall covering is tested using Test Method E84,itisclassified by the codes as follows:5.3.5.1 A Class A material exhibits a flame spread index nogreater than 25 and a smoke developed index no greater than450,5.3.5.2 A Class B material exhibits a flame sprea
36、d indexgreater than 25 but no greater 75 and a smoke developed indexno greater than 450, and5.3.5.3 A Class C material exhibits a flame spread indexgreater than 75 but no greater than 200 and a smoke developedindex no greater than 450.5.3.6 Tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 255 or withUL 723 a
37、re likely to produce results that are consistent withthose produced from tests in accordance with Test MethodE84.5.3.7 If paper or vinyl wall coverings are tested in accor-dance with Test Method E84, the tests shall be conductedusing the specimen preparation and mounting methods con-tained in Practi
38、ce E 2404.5.3.8 Tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 286,aroom-corner fire test, and exhibiting pass/fail criteria of heatrelease and smoke release as shown in the codes are permittedto be used wherever wall covering materials are required tomeet a classification of Class A, B, or C in accordance
39、 withTest Method E84or NFPA 255.5.3.9 Tests conducted on textile wall coverings or onexpanded vinyl wall coverings in accordance with NFPA 265,a room-corner fire test, and exhibiting pass/fail criteria of heatrelease and flashover as shown in the codes are permitted to beused, with some restrictions
40、, wherever such wall coveringmaterials are required to meet a classification of Class A, B, orC, in accordance with Test Method E84or NFPA 255.5.3.10 Local authorities having jurisdiction, including trans-portation authorities, are entitled to develop specific flamespread index, smoke developed inde
41、x, or other flammabilitycriteria, different from those in the codes described.7Chapter 10 of NFPA 101 references NFPA 255, which is essentially identical toTest Method E84and UL 723.TABLE 1 Classification CriteriaPropertySectionReferenceCategory IDecorativeOnlyCategory IIDecorativewith MediumService
42、abilityCategory IIIDecorativewith HighServiceabilityCategory IVType ICommercialServiceabilityCategory VType IICommercialServiceabilityCategory VIType IIICommercialServiceabilityMinimum colorfastness 7.3 23 h 46 h 200 h 200 h 200 hMinimum washability 7.4 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 10
43、0 cyclesMinimum scrubbability 7.7 50 cycles 200 cycles 300 cycles 500 cyclesMinimum abrasion resistance 7.8 200 cycles(220 grit)300 cycles(220 grit)1000 cycles(220 grit)Minimum breaking strengthMD (machine direction)CMD (cross machine direction)7.9 40 lb30 lb50 lb55 lb100 lb95 lbMinimum crocking res
44、istance 7.6 good good good goodMinimum stain resistance 7.5 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 12 Reagents 1 to 12Minimum tear resistanceA7.10 192 gf 400 gf 800 gfMaximum blocking resistance 7.11 22Minimum coating adhesion 7.12 2 lb/in 3 lb/in. 3 lb/in.Minimum cold cracking resistance 7.1
45、3 no change no change no changeMinimum heat aging resistance 7.14 pass pass passMaximum flame spread index (Class A) 5.2 25 25 25 25 25Maximum smoke developed 5.2 450 450 450 450 450Index (Class A)Other Flammability 5.2 No flashover and heat release and smoke release as required by the codes in acco
46、rdance withNFPA 286 (any wall covering) or NFPA 265 (textile and expanded vinyl wall coverings)Maximum shrinkageMD (machine direction)CMD (cross machine direction)7.19212121.5AThe “gf” is an abbreviation for gram force, consistent with pounds force as lbf.F7930735.4 Wall covering described as peelab
47、le shall be capable ofhaving the decorative surface removed as a discrete self-supporting film by a dry method defined by the manufacturer,leaving a surface that is either removable in the conventionalmanner or able to be left on the wall for rehanging.5.5 Wall covering described as strippable shall
48、 be capable ofbeing dry-stripped in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions without leaving appreciable residue or otherwisedamaging the wall.5.6 Wall covering described as mildew-resistant shall beprotected to resist fungi (mildew) growth on the decorativesurface to achieve a rating of 0 or 1
49、 when tested in accordancewith Practice G21.6. Labeling6.1 Either of the following statements is suggested for use inrepresenting products as conforming to all requirements of thisclassification:6.1.1 “This Category _ (descriptive phrase) wall coveringconforms to all requirements established in Standard Classifi-cation of Wall Covering by Use Characteristics ASTM F 793.Full responsibility for the conformance of this product to thestandard is assumed by (name and address of manufacturer ordistributor);” or6.1.2 “Conforms to ASTM F 793, Category _ (descrip
