1、Designation: F400 10An American National StandardStandard Consumer Safety Specification forLighters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers all flame-producing consumer products commonly known as cigarettelighters, pipe lighters, and
3、 cigar lighters and such similardevices as defined in 3.1.7. Matches are specifically excludedfrom this safety specification; flame-producing products in-tended solely for igniting apparatus other than cigars, pipes,and cigarettes are also specifically excluded from this safetyspecification. Lighter
4、s are specifically not intended for use as acandle, flashlight, or for other uses requiring an extended burntime.1.2 This specification establishes requirements for lightersto ensure a reasonable degree of safety for normal use orreasonably foreseeable misuse of such lighters by users.1.3 Lighters,
5、being flame-producing devices, can, as do allflame sources, present a potential hazard to the consumer. Thisspecification cannot eliminate all hazards, but is intended tominimize potential hazards of lighters to users.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values gi
6、ven in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 Disposable and novelty lighters as defined at 16 CFRPart 1210 are subject to the mandatory child resistancestandard found therein.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstan
7、dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Fed
8、eral Standard:216 CFR Part 1210 Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 burner valvecomponent of a gas lighter that con-trols the release of fuel.3.1.2 burner valve orificetip of the burner valve fromwhich fuel is released.3.1.3 fl
9、ameresult of combustion of fuel that produces heatand often light which could be visible with the naked eye undernormal or subdued lighting conditions.3.1.4 flame heightlinear distance from the tip of thevisible flame to the top of the shield or, in the absence of ashield, from the tip of the visibl
10、e flame to the top of the burnervalve orifice or to the bottom of the exposed wick.3.1.4.1 DiscussionFlame heights shall be measured inaccordance with 8.1.3.1.5 flaringvariance of flame height from the steady-state flame condition.3.1.6 igniteto produce a flame with a lighter by activatingthe self-c
11、ontained ignition and fuel release systems of thatlighter in the intended manner.3.1.7 lightermanually operated flame-producing deviceemploying a petrochemical derivative as a fuel. It is normallyused for deliberately igniting cigarettes, pipes, and cigars, andmay foreseeably be used to ignite mater
12、ials such as paper,wicks, candles, and lanterns.3.1.8 lighter, adjustablelighter that is received by theconsumer with a mechanism for the user to vary the height ofthe flame manually.3.1.9 lighter, automatic adjusting pipelighter designedand merchandised specifically for the purpose of lighting pipe
13、sand characterized by an automatic increase in flame heightwhen tilted from an upright position.3.1.10 lighter, disposablelighter that is received by theuser with a supply of fuel and that is not intended to berefueled.3.1.11 lighter, fluidlighter that utilizes a hexane-type fluidsuch as petrol or n
14、aphtha whose vapor pressure at 24C (75F)does not exceed a gage pressure of 34 kPa (5 psi).3.1.12 lighter, gaslighter that utilizes a butane, isobutane,propane, or other liquefied hydrocarbon mixture whose vaporpressure at 24C (75F) exceeds a gage pressure of 103 kPa (15psi).1This specification is un
15、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.02 onSafety Standards for Lighters.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F400 04. DOI:10.1520
16、/F0400-10.2Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.13 lighter, nonadjustablelighter t
17、hat has a flameheight preset by the manufacturer and is not provided with amechanism to adjust the flame height.3.1.14 lighter, non-self-extinguishinglighter that, once ig-nited, does not require intentional or positive action by the userto maintain a flame and requires a subsequent, deliberate user
18、action to extinguish the flame.3.1.15 lighter, postmixing burnergas lighter in which fueland air is mixed at the point of combustion.3.1.16 lighter, premixing burnergas lighter in which fueland air is mixed before being supplied for combustion.3.1.17 lighter, refillablelighter that is intended to be
19、refueled either by decanting fuel from an external container orby inserting a new prepackaged fuel reservoir.3.1.18 lighter, self-extinguishinglighter that, once ignited,requires continuous intentional and positive action to maintaina flame and that is subsequently extinguished upon the termi-nation
20、 of such positive action.3.1.19 shieldstructure that totally or partially surroundsthe burner valve orifice of a gas lighter or the wick of a fluidlighter.3.1.20 sustained self-ignitionpropagation of a flame byother than deliberate manual operation, such as by dropping thelighter, so as to cause the
21、 ignition element to be activated andthe flame to continue to burn.3.1.21 spitting or sputteringflame phenomenon of a gaslighter wherein escape of nonevaporated or liquid fuel pro-duces a shower of burning liquid droplets which separate fromthe main flame.4. General Requirements4.1 Flame Generation
22、(Table 1)In order to minimize thepossibility of inadvertent or self-ignition, lighters shall requirea deliberate manual operation to produce a flame. Theseoperations shall conform to at least one of the followingrequirements:4.1.1 A system such that positive action on the part of theconsumer is requ
23、ired to generate and maintain a flame.4.1.2 A system that requires two or more independentmotions to generate a flame.4.1.3 A system that requires an actuating force equal to orgreater than 15 N (3.4 lbf) to generate a flame (see Fig. X2.1or Fig. X2.2 for an example of test equipment).4.2 Flame Cont
24、rolThe maximum attainable flame heightfor lighters shall be limited with a setting or by product design,or both. For adjustable flame-height lighters, the maximumflame height that a user will obtain on first striking the lighterwithout adjustment shall also be limited. These limits shallcomply with
25、the following requirements when tested in accor-dance with 8.1:4.2.1 Nonadjustable fluid lighters, in accordance with 3.1.13and 3.1.11, shall not be capable of producing a flame heightgreater than 120 mm (4.75 in.) when tested in accordance with8.1. See also Annex A1 on AQLs and Appendix X1 onsampli
26、ng scheme references.4.2.2 Nonadjustable, postmixing and premixing burnerlighters, in accordance with 3.1.13, 3.1.15, and 3.1.16, in theusers hands shall have a maximum attainable flame height ofno more than 50 mm (2 in.) when tested in accordance with8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLs and Appendi
27、x X1 onsampling scheme references.4.2.3 Adjustable postmixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.15, shall not be capable of producing a flameheight greater than 120 mm (4.75 in.) when deliberatelyadjusted by the user to the manufacturers design limit formaximum flame height and when t
28、ested in accordance with8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLs and Appendix X1 onsampling scheme references.4.2.4 Adjustable premixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.16, shall not be capable of producing a flameheight greater than 75 mm (3 in) when deliberately adjusted bythe user to
29、 the manufacturers design limit for maximum flameheight and when tested in accordance with 8.1. See Annex A1for mandatory AQLs and Appendix X1 on sampling schemereferences.4.2.5 Adjustable postmixing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.15, shall have the flame height adjusted bythe manu
30、facturer in such a manner that the lighter, when firstignited by the user without changing the adjustment, will notproduce a flame height in excess of 100 mm (4 in.) when testedin accordance with 8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatory AQLsand Appendix X1 on sampling scheme references.4.2.6 Adjustable premi
31、xing burner lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8 and 3.1.16, shall have the flame height adjusted bythe manufacturer in such a manner that the lighter, when firstignited by the user without changing the adjustment, will notproduce a flame height in excess of 60 mm (2.5 in.) whentested in accordance wit
32、h 8.1. See Annex A1 for mandatoryAQLs and Appendix X1 on sampling scheme reference.4.2.7 All adjustable flame height lighters, in accordancewith 3.1.8, shall be capable of producing a flame not in excessof 50 mm (2 in.) when set at the lowest possible flame heightwhen tested in accordance with 8.1.4
33、.3 Flame-Height Adjustment (Table 1)Adjustable flameheight lighters in accordance with 3.1.8 shall require a delib-erate action on the part of the user to increase the flame heightwhen the lighter is used in the normal fashion.4.3.1 If flame control actuators protrude from the body ofthe lighter it
34、shall require a minimum actuating force of 1 N(0.25 lbf) applied over the entire range of adjustment in atangential direction (see Fig. X2.3 for an example of the testequipment).4.3.2 Adjustable gas lighters having rotary movement flamecontrol actuators approximately at right angles to the flameshal
35、l perform as follows:4.3.2.1 When the flame control actuator is at the top of thelighter and the lighter held so the flame is oriented verticallyupward, and the user is facing the flame control actuator,moving the actuator to the left shall produce a decrease inflame height.4.3.2.2 When the flame co
36、ntrol actuator is at the bottom ofthe lighter and the lighter held so that the user is looking at theactuator, a clockwise movement shall result in a decrease inflame height.F400 1024.3.3 Adjustable gas lighters requiring motion of the flamecontrol actuator approximately parallel to the flame axis s
37、halldecrease or increase the flame height according to the directionof the movement.4.3.4 Adjustable flame height lighters shall indicate thedirection of movement to produce a higher or lower flameheight. On lighters whose adjusting mechanisms conform to4.3.2 and 4.3.3, the direction of movement sha
38、ll be perma-nently imprinted or engraved on the lighter. Such permanentinformation shall be placed on the lighter in the vicinity of theadjusting mechanism and be readily visible and understand-able.4.4 Spitting or Sputtering and Flaring (Table 1)Gaslighters as defined in 3.1.12 when set at the maxi
39、mum flameheight, shall exhibit no spitting or sputtering as defined in3.1.21 or flaring as defined in 3.1.5, when tested in accordancewith 8.2.4.5 Flame Extinction (Table 1):TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristic RequirementTest MethodSectionGENERAL REQUIREMENTSFlame generation (1) positiv
40、e action to generate and maintain a flame, or(2) two or more independent motions to generate flame, or(3) an actuating force equal to or greater than 15 N (3.4 lbf) (Appendix X2)(4) or any combination thereofFlame control Annex A1 8.1Flame height adjustment (1) deliberate action to adjust,(2) minimu
41、m actuating force of 1 N (0.25 lbf) if mechanism protrudes from lighter (Appendix X2),(3) indication of direction of movement for higher and lower flame heightsSpitting or sputtering none allowed 8.2Flaring maximum of 50-mm (2-in.) variation from the steady-state flame condition 8.2Flame extinction:
42、All postmixing burner lighters (1) complete extinction of exposed flame within 2 s, or 8.3(2) additional 2 s if flame height during this time does not extend above shieldNon-self-extinguishing lighters packaged with statement (see Section 7)All premixing burner lighters (3) complete extinction of ex
43、posed flame in no more than 5 s 8.3STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTSDrop: 8.4Gas lighters three separate 1.5-m (5-ft) drops without fuel reservoir fragmentation, sustained self-ignition or gasescape exceeding 15 mg/minFluid lighters three separate 1.5-m (5-ft) drops without fuel tank fragmentation o
44、r sustained self-ignitionAll lighters if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable requirementsof 4.1-4.5, inclusiveTemperature: 8.5All lighters withstand 65C (149F) for 4 hGas lighters after stabilization at 23C (73F) gas escape not to exceed 15 mg/m
45、inAll lighters if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicable requirementsof 4.1-4.5, inclusiveBurningAll lighters (1) withstand 5-s burn with flame at maximum directed 45C below horizontal without burning ordistortion of componentsA(2) withstand 10-s b
46、urn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or the maximum flame height the adjustmentallows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable gas lighters, or preset flame heights on nonadjustable gaslighters and fluid lighters with the lighter 45 below the horizontal, without burning or distortion ofcomponentsAContinuo
47、us burn 8.6All lighters withstand 2-min burn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or the maximum flame height the adjustmentallows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable lighters, or preset flame heights on nonadjustable gas lightersand fluid lighters, with the flame directed vertically upward without conti
48、nued burning of component parts,expulsion of valve mechanism or fuel reservoir ruptureCycling burn (1) withstand 20-s burn with flame set at 50 mm (2 in.) or theAll lighters maximum flame height the adjustment allows, if lower than 50 mm, on adjustable gas lighters, or presetflame heights on nonadju
49、stable gas lighters and fluid lighters, repeated 10 times(2) if still able to be ignited in the intended manner shall subsequently meet all the applicablerequirements of 4.1-4.5, inclusive8.7External finish no sharp edgesCompatibility:Gas lighters no deterioration of components that come in contact with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer, orgas escape exceeding 15 mg/min8.8Fluid lighters no deterioration of components that come in contact with the fuel recommended by the manufacturer 8.9All lighters if still able to be ignited in the i
