1、Designation: F 1993 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Classification System ofHuman Search and Rescue Resources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1993; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification is intended to aid search and rescue(SAR) managers in ordering resources for search and rescueinciden
3、ts and to aid in communicating the types of tasks forwhich search and rescue crews have been trained.1.2 This classification is intended as a supplement to theresource typing specifications of the Incident Command Sys-tem and specifically as a means of typing human resourcesused in search and rescue
4、 activities.1.3 This classification is suitable for classfying search andrescue crews for a wide variety of emergency managementpurposes.1.4 This classification does not attempt to classify individu-als or put forth standards of performance or training forindividuals, nor is it meant to convey certi
5、fication, skillproficiency or other measures of the level of performance ofthe resource. These qualifications are the responsibility of thelocal agencies responsible for utilizing the resource.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF 1848 Classification
6、of Search and Rescue Dog Crews/Teams2.2 NFPA Standard:NFPA 1670 Operation and Training for Technical RescueIncidents32.3 International Fire Service Training Association Stan-dard:ICS 420 Incident Command System Field OperationsGuide43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology not defined in this guide
7、butreferenced in the text can be found in Guide F 1633 andClassification F 1848.3.1.1 wilderness, nan uncultivated, uninhabited and natu-ral area, usually but not necessarily, far from human civiliza-tions and trappings.3.1.1.1 DiscussionWilderness areas often include collec-tions of various environ
8、ments such as forests, mountains,deserts, natural parks, animal refuges, rain forests and so forth.Depending upon terrain and environmental factors, a wilder-ness can be as little as a few minutes into the backcountry orless than a few feet off the roadway. (NFPA 1670)4. Significance and Use4.1 Typi
9、ng of human resources in SAR is based upon thebuilding and deployment of crews and teams for specific tasks.Because of the wide variety of tasks which are performedduring SAR incidents, three common types of resources areacknowledged: search; rescue; and untrained resources.4.2 The nature of typical
10、 search and rescue incidents in localjurisdictions and the financial resources of the local jurisdictionwill dictate which types and kinds of resources will bemaintained by the jurisdictions. Not all types or kinds ofresources are expected to be available in all jurisdictions.4.3 Kind classification
11、s of human resources are based uponthe specific environments in which SAR crews are asked towork. Specialties, of which there are many, within each of thekind classifications are not acknowledged by this classification.It is up to the jurisdiction ordering resources to ascertainwhether additional su
12、bcategories of kind classifications areappropriate for the task at hand. These categories might includespecial capabilities for weather or terrain extremes, or for anyother unusual circumstances or requirements.4.4 SAR crews may be classified as more than one kind butnot as more than one type.5. Cla
13、ssification of Human Search and Rescue ResourceTypes5.1 There are four types of human search and rescueresources, as follows:5.1.1 Type ICrews trained in both search and rescuetechniques,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility
14、of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1993 - 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, POBox, 9101, Quincy, MA 022699101.4Available from the International Fire Service Training A
16、ssociation, FireProtection Publications, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.2 Type IICrews trained in search techniques,5.1.3 Type IIICrews trained in rescue techniques
17、, and5.1.4 Type IVCrews untrained in either search or rescuetechniques.6. Classification of Human Search and Rescue ResourceKinds6.1 There are twelve kinds of human search and rescueresources, as follows:6.1.1 Kind AWilderness; crew/team trained to work inwilderness areas of varied terrain,6.1.2 Kin
18、d BUrban; crew/team trained to work in urbanareas,6.1.3 Kind CMountainous; crew/team trained to work inmountainous and alpine terrain and with both high and lowangle rescue systems,6.1.4 Kind DDisaster/collapsed structure; crew/teamtrained to work in failed manmade structures and natural debrisfield
19、s (including confined spaces),6.1.5 Kind EInland water; crew/team trained to work inand along bodies of water including swift-water and ice,6.1.6 Kind FMarine water; crew/team trained to work inand along oceans,6.1.7 Kind GCave; crew/team trained to work in theconfined spaces of caves,6.1.8 Kind HMi
20、ne; crew/team trained to work in mines,6.1.9 Kind IAvalanche; crew/team trained to work in andaround avalanche debris fields,6.1.10 Kind JEvidence/cadaver; crew/team trained tosearch for inanimate objects and human remains,6.1.11 Kind KAircraft; crew/team trained to search formissing aircraft, and6.
21、1.12 Kind LUnclassified; a search or rescue crew thatdoes not have any of the above specialties.7. Keywords7.1 incident command system; resource typingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Use
22、rs of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every
23、 five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technic
24、al committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1993 99 (2005)2
