1、Designation: F1383 11Standard Test Method forPermeation of Liquids and Gases through ProtectiveClothing Materials under Conditions of Intermittent Contact1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1383; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid and g
3、aseous chemicals can beexposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn, tochronic degenerative disease such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eli
4、minate all possibleexposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method is used to measure the resistance to permeation under the condition of intermittentco
5、ntact of the protective clothing material with liquid or gaseous chemicals. Resistance to permeationand penetration under conditions of continuous contact should be determined by Test Methods F739and F903, respectively. In certain situations, the permeation of liquids through protective clothingmate
6、rials can be measured using a permeation cup following Method F1407. An undesirable changein the physical properties of protective clothing materials is called degradation. Methods formeasuring the degradation of rubbers, plastics, and coated fabrics are found in Test Methods D471,Test Method D543,
7、and Test Method D751, respectively. A starting point for selecting the chemicalsto be used in assessing the chemical resistance of clothing materials is Guide F1001.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids andgases through protective clothing materials under the conditionof in
8、termittent contact.1.2 This test method is designed for use when the testchemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile(that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25C)or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact withthe clothing material.1.3 The valu
9、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wit
10、h its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method
11、for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioni
12、ng andTesting Flexible Barrier MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials u
13、nder Conditions ofContinuous ContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on
14、 Chemicals.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1383 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/F1383-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
15、 Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-tective Clothing
16、 MaterialsF1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of ChemicalPermeation Testing of Materials Used in Protective Cloth-ingF1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical ProtectiveClothing Materials to Liquid PermeationPermeation CupMethodF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing2.2 ISO Standard
17、:ISO 6529 Protective ClothingDetermination of Resis-tance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation byLiquids and Gases33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analytical technique, na procedure whereby theconcentration of the test chemical in a collection medium isquantitatively determined.3.1.1.1
18、 DiscussionThese procedures are often specific toindividual chemical and collection medium combinations.Applicable techniques can include, but are not limited to flameionization, photo ionization, electro-chemical, ultraviolet, andinfrared spectrophotometry, gas and liquid chromatography,colorimetry
19、, length-of-stain detector tubes, and radionuclidetagging/detection counting.3.1.2 breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed timemeasured from the initial exposure to the test chemical to thesampling time that immediately precedes the sampling time atwhich the test chemical is first detected. (See F
20、ig. 1.)3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe breakthrough detection time isdependent on the sensitivity of the method. (SeeAppendix X1.)3.1.3 closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichthere is no change in the volume of the collection mediumexcept for sampling.3.1.4 collection medium, na liquid, gas, or soli
21、d thatabsorbs, adsorbs, dissolves, suspends, or otherwise captures thetest chemical and does not affect the measured permeation.3.1.5 contact time, nin an intermittent contact test, theduration during each cycle that the test chemical side chamberof the permeation cell is filled with the test chemic
22、al.3.1.6 cumulative permeation, nthe total mass of chemicalthat permeates during a specified time from when the materialis first contacted.3.1.6.1 DiscussionQuantification of cumulative perme-ation enables the comparison of permeation behaviors underdifferent intermittent and continuous contact cond
23、itions.3.1.7 cycle time, nin an intermittent contact test, theinterval of time from the start of one contact period to the startof the next contact period.3.1.8 minimum detectable mass permeated, nthe smallestmass of test chemical that is detectable with the completepermeation test system.3.1.8.1 Di
24、scussionThis value is not necessarily the sensi-tivity of the analytical instrument.3.1.9 minimum detectable permeation rate, nthe lowestrate of permeation that is measurable with the completepermeation test system.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis value is not necessarily the sensi-tivity of the analytical in
25、strument.3.1.10 open-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichfresh collection medium flows continuously through the col-lection chamber of the test cell.3.1.11 penetration, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of substances through voids in protective clothingmaterials or items on a non-
26、molecular level.3.1.11.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes, andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and protectiveclothing materials. Penetration does not require a change instate; solid chemicals move through voids in materials assolids, liquids as liquids, and gases as gases. Pen
27、etration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.12 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovements of chemicals as molecules through protectiveclothing materials by the processes of: (1) absorption of thechemical into the contact surface of the materials, (2) diffusionof
28、the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.12.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmechanism from penetration.3.1.13 protective clothing material, nany element, con-stituent, or substance from which protec
29、tive clothing is com-posed or can be made3.1.14 purge time, nin an intermittent contact test, thetime immediately following the termination of the contact timewhen the test chemical is removed from the test chemical sidechamber and air or nitrogen is blown over the outside surfaceof the protective c
30、lothing material.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.NOTEIn an intermittent contact test, it is possible that the permeationrate will exceed, go below, and then again exceed a permeation rate of 0.1g/cm2/min.
31、If this occurs, the standardized breakthrough time is the firstoccurrence of the permeation rate exceeding 0.1 g/cm2/min.FIG. 1 The Breakthrough Detection Time for a Method Sensitivityof 0.05 g/cm2/min is 23 min. The Standardized BreakthroughDetectionTimeis33min.F1383 1123.1.15 standardized breakthr
32、ough time, nthe first time atwhich the permeation rate reaches 0.1 g/cm2/min (see Fig. 1).3.1.16 test chemical, nthe solid, liquid, gas or mixturethereof, used to evaluate the performance of a protectiveclothing material.3.1.16.1 DiscussionThe liquid or gas may be either onecomponent (for example, a
33、 neat liquid or gas) or have severalcomponents (for example, a mixture).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The permeation of chemical(s) through a protectiveclothing material is assessed by measuring the breakthroughdetection time, standardized breakthrough time, and subse-quent permeation rate through re
34、plicate specimens of thematerial intermittently contacted with the chemical.4.2 In the permeation test apparatus, the protective clothingmaterial specimen partitions the test chemical from the collec-tion medium.4.2.1 Contact of the test chemical with the clothing materi-als outside surface is made
35、intermittent by periodically addingand removing the test chemical from the test chemical chamberof the test cell.4.2.2 The collection medium is analyzed quantitatively forits concentration of the test chemical and thereby the amount ofthat chemical that has permeated the barrier as a function oftime
36、 after its initial contact with the material.4.2.3 By either graphical representation or appropriate cal-culations, or both, the breakthrough detection time, the stan-dardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation ofthe test chemical are determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test met
37、hod is used to measure chemical perme-ation through specimens of protective clothing under thecondition of intermittent contact of a test chemical with thespecimen. In many applications, protective clothing is con-tacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is testedby Test Method F739.5
38、.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flatspecimens from finished items of protective clothing and ofmaterials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves,arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like
39、.5.2.2 The phrase specimens from finished items encom-passes seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as theusual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to comparepermeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermit-tent contact with tho
40、se that occur during continuous contact.Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeationunder the conditions of continuous contact of the test chemicalwith the clothing specimen.5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized break-through time, and the cumulative permeation are key measur
41、esof the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the testchemical. Such information is used in the comparison ofclothing materials during the process of selecting clothing forprotection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough de-tection times and standardized breakthrough times and
42、lowcumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers.NOTE 1At present, no quantitative information exists about accept-able levels of dermal contact. Therefore, the data obtained using this testmethod cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.5.5 The sensitivity of the test method in d
43、etecting lowpermeation rates or amounts of the test chemical permeated isdetermined by the combination of: (1) the analytical techniqueand collection system selected, and (2) the ratio of materialspecimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate.5.5.1 The analytical technique employed should be
44、 capableof measuring the concentration of the test chemical in thecollection medium at, or below, levels consistent with stan-dardized breakthrough time value specified in 3.1.15.5.5.2 Often, permeation tests will require measurement ofthe test chemical over several orders of magnitude in concen-tra
45、tion, requiring adjustments in either the sample collectionvolume or concentration/dilution, or the analytical instrumentsettings over the course of the test.5.5.3 Higher ratios of material specimen area to collectionmedium volume or flow rate permit earlier detection ofpermeation because higher con
46、centrations of the test chemicalin the collection medium will develop in a given time period,relative to those that would occur at lower ratios.5.5.4 The sensitivity of an open-loop system is character-ized by its minimum detectable permeation rate. A method fordetermining this value is presented in
47、 Appendix X1.5.5.5 The sensitivity of a closed-loop system is character-ized by its minimum detectable mass permeated.5.6 Comparison of results of tests performed with differentpermeation test systems requires specific information on thetest cell, procedures, contact and purge times, and analyticalt
48、echniques. Results obtained from closed-loop and open-looptesting may not be directly comparable.5.7 A group of chemicals that is recommended for use inpermeation testing is given in Guide F1001.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Gauge, suitable for measuring thicknesses tothe nearest 0.02 mm (or the nearest
49、 0.001 in.), as specified inTest Method D1777, shall be used to determine the thickness ofeach protective clothing material specimen tested.6.2 Analytical Balance, readable and reproducible to 60.5mg shall be used to determine weight per unit area of each testspecimen.6.3 Test CellThe test apparatus consists of a two-chambered cell for contacting the specimen with the testchemical on the specimens normally outside surface and witha collection medium on the specimens normal inside surface.6.3.1 The test cell4, as shown in Fig. 2, is constructed of
