1、Designation: F 1358 08Standard Test Method forEffects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used inProtective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for FlameResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratoryscreening proced
3、ure for comparing the ignition resistance andburning characteristics of materials used in protective clothingwhere flame resistance is not the primary form of protectionprovided by the clothing.1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used inapplications where flame resistance is the prima
4、ry form ofprotection provided by the clothing by other flammability testmethods. This test method shall not be used to evaluatematerials where flame resistance is the primary form ofprotection offered by the protective clothing.1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing easeof ignition an
5、d burning behavior of materials which includeplastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates,multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing mate-rials that are not designated for offering flame resistance astheir primary form of protection.1.2 This test method measures an
6、d describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI
7、 units or other units shall beregarded separately. The values stated in each system may notbe exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently, without combining values.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
8、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Beh
9、avior ofTextilesD 4723 Classification Index of and Descriptions of TextileFlammability Test MethodsD 6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-tical Test)3F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, rel
10、ated to the combustion of textiles, refer to theterminology contained in Terminology F 4391. For definitionsof terms used in this test method, related to protective clothing,refer to the terminology contained in Terminology F 1494. Fordefinitions of terms used in this test method, related to textile
11、issues, refer to the terminology contained in TerminologyD 123.3.2 afterflame,npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed.3.3 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.4 afterglow, na glow
12、in a material after the removal ofan external ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material (see also glow).1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
13、mitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 1358 - 00 (2005).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5 anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a spec
15、ificproperty in different directions.3.5.1 DiscussionWhen this test method is used to evalu-ate textile-based materials, this term refers to warp (wale) andfilling (course) directions. When this test method is used fornonwoven materials, this term refers to machine and cross-machine directions.3.6 b
16、urning behavior, nall the changes that take placewhen materials or products are exposed to a specified ignitionsource.3.7 burn distance, nthe measurement from the bottomedge of the specimen to the farthest point that shows evidenceof damage due to combustion.3.7.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects
17、 of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, this mea-surement applies to the folded material specimen when pressedflat and includes all areas partially burned, charred, embrittled,or melted, but not including areas sooted, stained, distorted, ordiscolored. Damage due to mechanic
18、al delamination or split-ting of the specimen is not included in the burn distance unlessthe delaminated or split area includes damage due to combus-tion.3.8 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.9 combustion, na chemical process of oxi
19、dation thatoccurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually lighteither as glow or flames.3.10 dripping, na material response evidenced by flowingof the polymer.3.10.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, drippingmay be the forma
20、tion of liquid droplets from melted surface orsubstrate material during flame impingement.3.11 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.12 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlledhot luminous zone of gas or matter in gase
21、ous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustionas evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than 1 kW,such as a candle flame or match flame.3.12.1 DiscussionExamples are flames from a match,candle, or bunsen burner. The burner flame in this test methodproduces
22、 relatively low heat flux and should be constant in sizeand shape.3.13 flame impingement, ndirect contact between a flameand a material.3.13.1 DiscussionIn testing flame impingement of mate-rials used in protective clothing, the flame is of a specified typeand duration.3.14 flammability, nthose char
23、acteristics of a material thatpertain to its ignition and support of combustion.3.14.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, flammabil-ity is based on the relative number of specimens which ignitewhen exposed to flame either for a period
24、of 3 or 12 s.3.15 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solidphase of a material.3.15.1 DiscussionAlthough a solid may glow, it can alsoproduce combustible discharge that will cause a flame. Thesetwo phenomena are not necessarily interdependent.3.16 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.16
25、.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of material used in protective clothing, ignition isdetermined by the presence of after-flame after the removal ofthe burner flame.3.17 melting, na material response evidenced by soften-ing of the polymer.3.17.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the
26、 effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, meltingmay occur at surface layers or in combination with thesubstrate fabric(s) or other polymer layers. Melting may beobserved for protective clothing materials which involve apolymer coating or laminate combined with a norma
27、lly flame-resistant fabric or substrate.3.18 protective clothing, nan item of clothing that isspecifically designed and constructed for the intended purposeof isolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or,isolating the external environment from contamination by thewearer of the cloth
28、ing.3.18.1 DiscussionIn this test method the potential hazardis flame impingement on protective clothing where flameresistance is not the primary form of protection offered by thatclothing.3.19 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensions ofan object or material.3.19.1 DiscussionIn evaluating th
29、e effects of flame im-pingement, these changes in dimension are caused by heatfrom the flame source.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A conditioned specimen of a protective clothing mate-rial is folded in half and placed in a sample holder with thefolded edge suspended over a gas flame.4.2 The specimen i
30、s exposed to the flame for a 3-s interval.4.2.1 If the material ignites during this exposure, the after-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of the specimenare measured and reported. Any observations of burningbehavior are also reported. The test is then terminated.4.3 If the material does
31、not ignite after the first exposure, thesame specimen is exposed to the flame for a 12-s interval. Theafter-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of thespecimen are measured and reported. Any observations ofburning behavior are also reported.4.4 An alternative procedure is provided for condu
32、cting the12-s exposure only.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to determine the ignitionresistance and burning characteristics of materials used inprotective clothing, where flame resistance is not the primaryform of protection designated.5.1.1 Flame resistance is a distinctive
33、property of clothingitems designated for isolating parts of the body from antici-pated flame hazards. It is possible that protective clothingdesignated for isolation from other hazard, such as those forchemical or biological protection, neither have flame resistanceF1358082nor isolate the wearer fro
34、m flame hazards. This test method canbe used to evaluate the effects of flame impingement onprotective clothing where flame resistance is not the primaryobjective of protection.5.1.2 When flame resistance is the primary protection of-fered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can beu
35、sed. A test method that is useful for evaluating flameresistance of textiles is Test Method D 6413. Index D 4723contains descriptions and guidance on other flammability testmethods for textiles.5.1.3 This test method is useful to determine the ignitionresistance and burning characteristics of materi
36、als used inprotective clothing not designated for flame resistance whenthe outer material surface is exposed to the flame. As such, itis particularly suited to protective clothing materials which arecomposed of different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates,or multilayer clothing systems.5.2 Cor
37、relation of data from this test method with theignition resistance and burning characteristics of protectiveclothing (not designated for flame resistance) under actual useconditions is not implied.6. Apparatus6.1 Cabinet,4,5and accessories, fabricated in accordancewith the requirements specified in
38、Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. Usegalvanized sheet metal or other suitable metal.6.1.1 Provide a means for suspending the sample holder thatpermits adjustment of its height for positioning the specimenover the burner. One means of suspending the sample involvesmodifying the hanger for the specimen hold
39、er shown in Fig. 1,in such a way that the hanger allows the specimen holder to belowered or raised as required to accommodate the thickness ofthe specimens to be tested.6.2 Burner, equipped with a variable orifice to adjust theflame height, a barrel having a 10-mm 38-in. inside diameterand a pilot l
40、ight (Fig. 4).6.2.1 One method for constructing the burner is to combinea 10-mm 38-in. inside diameter barrel 75 6 6mm3614 in.long from a fixed orifice burner with a base from a variableorifice burner.6.2.2 Use a pilot light tube with an inner diameter ofapproximately 2 mm 116 in. which is spaced 3
41、mm 18 in.away from the burner edge.6.2.3 Make the necessary gas connections and provide theapplicable plumbing as specified in Fig. 5. Attach either asolenoid or stopcock to the burner. The control valve (stopcockor solenoid) shall be capable of being fully opened or fullyclosed in 0.1 s.6.2.4 On th
42、e side of the barrel of the burner, opposite thepilot light, use a metal rod of approximately 3-mm 18-in.diameter spaced 13 mm 12 in. from the barrel and extendingabove the burner. The rod shall have two 8-mm 516-in. prongsmarking the distances of 19 mm 34 in. and 38 mm 112 in.above the top of the b
43、urner.6.2.5 Fix the burner in a position so that the center of thebarrel of the burner is directly below the center of thespecimen.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System,5,6with a control valvesystem with a delivery rate designated to furnish gas to theburner under a gage pressure of 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 212 614
44、psi4The sole source of supply of the test cabinet known to the committee at thistime is U.S. Testing Co., 1941 Park Avenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030; or the GovmarkOrganization, Inc. P.O. Box 807, Bellmore, NY 11710. This is the same test cabinetspecified in Test Method D 6413.5If you are aware of alternat
45、ive suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.6The sole sources of supply of the regulator valve system known to thecommittee at this time
46、are Matheson Gas Products, P.O. Box 85, East Rutherford, NJ07073 and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., P.O. Box 538, Allentown, PA 18105.NOTE 1The specimen holder may be positioned so that the specimenfaces the door.FIG. 1 Test CabinetNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm).FIG. 2 Cabin
47、et Front and Top DetailF1358083at the burner inlet. The manufacturers recommended deliveryrate for the valve system shall include the required pressure.6.4 Burner Gas, methane, with a minimum purity of 99 %.6.5 Rod, of 6-mm 0.25-in. diameter, at least 152 mm 6in. long, constructed of a hard metal.6.
48、6 Timer, stopwatch or other timing device calibrated andgraduated to the nearest 0.1 s.6.7 Ruler, or scale calibrated and graduated to the nearest1.0 mm 116 in.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare ten test specimens 75 mm in width by 400 mmin length 3 in. by 16 in. If the material is anisotropic, cut fivesp
49、ecimens along each axis.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all samples to be tested at a relative humidityof 45 to 70 % and a temperature of 20 to 25C 67 to 77F forat least 24 h prior to testing.9. Procedure9.1 Place the apparatus in a hood with the ventilating fanturned off at the time of the test.9.2 Fold specimens in half across the width with the normaloutside surface of the material facing out. Produce the foldwith the metal rod at the bend inside the material. Avoidmaking permanent creases at the folded
